1887

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY logo

Volume 23, Issue 4

Distribution of Cytochromes in Bacteria: Relationship to General Physiology Free

Abstract

A review of cytochrome occurrence in bacteria is presented which gives the taxonomic distribution of cytochromes and which relates this to general physiological characteristics. Data obtained from published research and recent experimental studies on a total of 169 species of bacteria suggested the existence of four major groupings: (i) the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic gram positives (cytochrome pattern ...); (ii) the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic gram negatives (cytochrome pattern either ...., ... or ...); (iii) anaerobic and microaerophilic hetero-trophs (cytochrome pattern sometimes with ), and (iv) the ch'emo- and photo-autotrophs (cytochrome pattern plus ). The absence or minor presence of cytochrome in facultatively anaerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs was confirmed and was also observed in plant and animal pathogens. Cytochrome was confined in occurrence mainly to a small taxonomic group of organisms characterized by a high degree of adaptability to unstable habitats. This group was considered for further subdivision dependent upon the conditions causing the production of cytochrome .

  • Published Online:
Copyright © 1973 International Association of Microbiological Societies
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459
1973-10-01
2024-04-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/23/4/ijs-23-4-459.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aleem M. I. H. 1965; Thiosulfate oxidation and electron transport in Thiobacillus novellus.. J. Bacteriol 90:95–101
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aleem M. I. H., Lees H. 1963; Autotrophic enzyme systems. 1. Electron transport systems concerned with hydroxylamine oxidation in Nitrosomonas. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol 41:763–778
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Aleem M. I. H., Nason A. 1959; Nitrite oxidase, a particulate cytochrome electron transport system from Nitrobacter . Biochem. Bio-phys. Res. Commun 1:323–327
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Appleby C. A. 1969; The electron transport system of Rhizobium japonicum. I. Haemopro-tein P450, other CO-reactive pigments, cyto-chromes and oxidases in bacteroids from N2 fixing root nodules. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 172:71–87
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Appleby C. A. 1969; Electron transport system of Rhizobium japonicum. II. Rhizobium haemoglobin, cytochromes and oxidases in free living (cultured) cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 172:88–105
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Arima K., Oka T. 1964; Cyanide resistance in Achromobacter. I. Induced formation of cytochrome a2 and its role in cyanide-resistant respiration. J. Bacteriol 90:734–743
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Arima K., Oka T. 1965; A new combination of cytochromes occurring in Pseudomonas riboflavina. J. Biochem 58:320–321
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Asano A., Brodie A. F. 1964; Oxidative phosphorylation in fractionated bacterial systems. XIV. Respiratory chains of Mycobacte-rium phlei. J. Biol. Chem 239:4280–4291
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Azoulay E. 1964; Influence des conditiones de culture sur la respiration de Pseudomonas aeru-ginosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 92:458–464
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Azoulay E., Couchod-Beaumont P. 1965; Etude de la cytochrome oxidase de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 110:301–311
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Baldwin R. L., Milligan L. P. 1964; Electron transport in Peptostreptococcus els-denii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 92:421–432
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Bartsch R. G. 1968; Bacterial cytochromes. 181–200 Clifton C. E. Annual review of microbiology 22 Annual Reviews Palo Alto; California:
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Breed R. S., Murray E. G. D., Smith N. R. 1957; Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. , 7. Williams and Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Broberg P. L., Smith L. 1967; The cytochrome system of Bacillus megatenum KM. The presence and some properties of two CO-binding cytochromes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 131:479–489
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bryan-Jones D. G., Whittenbury R. 1969; Haematin-dependent oxidative phosphorylation in Streptococcus faecalis. J. Gen. Microbiol 58:247–260
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Brysk M. M., Corpe W. A., Harkes L. V. 1969; β-Cyanoalanine formation by Chromo-bacterium violaceum. J. Bacteriol 97:322–327
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Castor L. N., Chance B. 1959; Photochemical determination of the oxidases of bacteria. J. Biol. Chem 234:1587–1592
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Chaix P., Flamens P. 1953; Pigments hématiniques de Bacillus coagulans cultivé en anaérobiose ou en anaérobiose. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 11:530–534
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Chaix P., Roncoli G. 1950; A propos de la variabilité du systèmes cytochromes chez certains microorganisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 6:268–273
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Cheah K. S. 1969; Properties of electron transport particles from Halobacterium cuti-rubrum. The respiratory chain system. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 180:320–333
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Cheah K. S. 1970; The membrane-bound CO-reactive haemoproteins in the extreme halo-philes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 197:84–86
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Cheah K. S. 1970; Properties of the membrane-bound respiratory chain in Halobacterium sali-narium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 216:45–53
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Chippaux M., Pichinoty M. 1968; Altération par mutation de la régulation de la biosynthèse des cytochromes par les cultures anaerobies d’une bacterie anaérobie facultative. Eur.J. Biochem 6:131–134
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Clark-Walker G. D., Rittenberg B., Lascelles J. 1967; Cytochrome synthesis and its regulation in Spirillum itersonii. J. Bacteriol 94:1648–1655
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Cole J. A., Rittenberg S. C. 1971; A comparison of respiratory processes in Spirillum volutans, Spirillum itersonii and Spirillum ser-pens. J. Gen. Microbiol 69:375–383
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Cooper G. M., Farnstrom G. A., Miller S. A. 1944; Performance of agitated gas-liquid contactors. Ind. Eng. Chem 36:504–509
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Daniel R. M., Erickson S. K. 1969; The effect of glucose on the electron transport systems of the aerobic bacteria Azotobacter vinlandii and Acetobacter suboxidans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 180:63–67
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Davis D. H., Doudoroff M., Stanier R. Y., Mandel M. 1969; Proposal to reject the genus Hydrogenomonas: taxonomic implications. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 19:375–390
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Doi R. H., Halvorson H. 1961; Comparison of electron transport systems in vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol 81:51–58
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Dolin M. I. 1961; Cytochrome-independent electron transport enzymes of bacteria. 428–460 Gunsalus I. C., Stanier R. Y. The bacteria 2 Academic Press; New York:
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Domnas A., Grant N. G. 1970; Cyto-chrome composition of some members of the Actinoplanaceae. J. Bacteriol 101:652–653
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Downey R. J., Georgi C. E., Militzer W. E. 1962; Electron transport particles from Bacillus stearothermophilus. J. Bacteriol 83:1140–1146
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Drabikowska A. K. 1970; Electron transport system of Salmonella typhimurium cells. Acta Biochim. Pol 17:89–98
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Erickson S. K. 1971; The respiratory system of the aerobic, N2-fixing, Gram-positive bacterium, Mycobacterium flavum 301. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 245:63–69
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Erickson S. K., Militzer G. L. 1969; The electron transport system of Micrococcus lutea (Sarcina lutea). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 180:56–62
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Fellman J. H., Mills R. C. 1960; The succinoxidase system of Pasteurella tularensis. J. Bacteriol 79:800–806
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Fujita T. 1966; Studies on soluble cytochromes in the Enterobacteriaceae.I.Detection, purification and properties of c-552 in anaerobically grown cells. J. Biochem Tokyo: 60204–215
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Gel’man N. S., Lukoyanova M. A., Ostrovskii D. N. 1967; The respiratory chain of bacteria. 71–159 Respiration and phos-phorylation of bacteria Plenum Press; New York:
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Gibson J. 1961; Cytochrome pigments from the green, photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum. Biochem. J. 79:151–158
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Goldman D. S., Wagner M. J., Oda T., Shug A. L. 1963; Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by sub-cellular particles from Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 73:367–379
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Gornall A. G., Bardawill C. J., David M. M. 1949; Determination of serum proteins by means of the Biuret reaction. J. Biol. Chem 177:751–766
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Hartree E. F., Davidson C. F. 1968; Cytochrome as a guide to classifying bacteria: taxonomy of Microbacterium thermosphactum. Nature London: 220502–504
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Heim A. H., Silver W. S., Birk Y. 1957; Cytochrome composition of some strains of Streptomyces. Nature London: 180:608–609
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Hirata H., Fukui S. 1968; Cytochrome c-552 in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Biochem 63:780–788
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Hooper A. B., Nason A. 1965; Characterization of hydroxylamine-cytochrome reductase in Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrocystis oce-anus. J. Biol. Chem 240:4044–4057
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Hochster R. H., Nozzolillo C. G. 1960; Respiratory carriers and the nature of the reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidase system in Xanthomonas phaseoli. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol 38:79–93
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ishaque M., Donawa A., Aleem M. I. H. 1971; Electron transport and coupled energy generation in Pseudomonas saccharophila. Can. J. Biochem 49:1175–1182
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Jackson F. L., Lawton V. D. 1959; A cytochrome of the b group from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 35:76–84
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Jacobs N. J., Conti S. F. 1965; Effect of hemin on the formation of the cytochrome system in anaerobically grown Staphylococcus epidermidis. J. Bacteriol 89:675–679
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Jacobs N. J., Wolin M. J. 1963; Electron transport system of Vibrio succinogenes. I. Enzymes and cytochromes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 69:18–28
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Jones C. W., Redfearn E. R. 1967; The cytochrome system of Azotobacter vinlandii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 143:340–353
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Jones D., Watkins J., Meyer D. J. 1970; Cytochrome composition and effect of catalase on growth of Agromyces ramosus. Nature London: 2261240–1250
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Jones D., Weitzman P. D. J. 1968; Regulation of citrate synthase and microbial taxonomy. Nature London: 219270–272
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Kamen M. D., Horio T. 1970; Bacterial cytochromes. I. Structural aspects. 673–700 Snell E. E. Annual review of biochemistry 39 Annual Reviews Palo Alto; California:
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Kamen M. D., Horio T. 1970; Bacterial cytochromes. II. Functional aspects. 399–428 Clifton C. E. Annual review of microbiology 24 Annual Reviews Palo Alto; California:
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Kamen M. D., Vernon L. P. 1955; Comparative studies on bacterial cytochromes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 17:10–22
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Kearney E. B., Goldman D. S. 1970; Further studies on the NADH oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 197:197–205
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Kikuchi G., Saito Y., Motokawa Y. 1965; On cytochrome oxidase as the terminal oxidase of dark respiration of purple, non-sulfur bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 94:1–14
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Kodama T., Mori T. 1969; A double c-type cytochrome, cS52 S58 of a denitrifying bacterium, Pseudombnas stutzeri. J. Biochem Tokyo: 65621–628
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Kodama T., Shidira S. 1969; Components of cytochrome system and purification and some properties of c-type cytochromes of a denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri. J. Biochem 65:351–360
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Kroger A., Dadak V. 1969; On the role of quinones in bacterial electron transport. The respiratory system of Bacillus megaterium. Eur. J. Biochem 11:428–440
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Kusaka T., Sato R., Shoji K. 1964; Comparison of cytochromes of mycobacteria grown in vitro and in vivo. J. Bacteriol 87:1383–1388
     [Google Scholar]
  63. McFeters G. A., Wilson D. F., Strobel G. A. 1970; Cytochromes in a cyanide-resistant strain of Bacillus cereus. Can. J. Microbiol 16:1221–1226
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Matsunaka S. 1963; The electron transport system of a plant pathogenic bacterium. J. Agric. Chem. Sci 37:658–667
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Miki K., Sekuzu I., Okunuki K. 1967; The cytochrome system of a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Ann. Rep. Biol. Works Fac. Sci Osaka Univ: 1533–60
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Niederpruem D. J., Hackett D. P. 1961; Respiratory chain of Streptomyces. J. Bacteriol 81:557–563
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Newton N. 1967; A soluble cytochrome ca2 complex from Micrococcus denitriflcans, containing nitrite reductase activity. Biochem. J 105:21C–23C
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Newton N., Kamen M. D. 1956; Chro-matium cytochrome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 21:71–80
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Pappenheimer A. M. Jr, Howland J. L., Miller P. A. 1962; Electron transport systems in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 64:229–242
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Peeters T., Aleem M. I. H. 1970; Oxidation of sulfur compounds and electron transport in Thiobacillus denitriflcans. Arch. Mikrobiol 71:319–330
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Pepper R. E., Costilon R. N. 1965; Electron transport in Bacillus popilliae. J. Bacteriol 89:271–276
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Peterson J. A. 1970; Cytochrome content of two pseudomonads containing mixed function oxidase systems. J. Bacteriol 103:714–721
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Postgate J. R. 1956; Cytochrome c3 and desulphoviridin; pigments of Desulphovibrio de-sulphuricans. J. Gen. Microbiol 14:545–572
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Rees M., Nason A. 1965; A P450-like cytochrome and a soluble terminal oxidase identified as cytochrome o from Nitrosomonas europaea. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 21:248–256
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Repaske R. 1966; Characteristics of Hydrogen bacteria. Bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng 8:217–235
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Revsin B., Brodie A. F. 1969; Carbon monoxide-binding pigments of Mycobacterium phlei and Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem 244:3101–3104
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Sands D. C, Gleason F. H., Hildebrand D. C. 1967; Cytochromes of Pseudomonas syringae. J. Bacteriol 94:785–786
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Sasaki T., Motikawa Y., Kikuchi G. 1970; Occurrence of both a-type and c-type cytochromes as the functional terminal oxidases in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 197:284–291
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Sato R. 1956; The cytochrome system and microbiol reduction of nitrate. 163–175 McElroy W. D., Glass B. Inorganic nitrogen metabolism The Johns Hopkins Press; Baltimore:
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Scholes P. B., King H. K. 1965; Electron transport in a Park-Williams strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Biochem. J 97:754–765
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Scholes P. B., Smith L. 1968; Composition and properties of the membrane-bound respiratory chain of Micrococcus denitriflcans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 153:363–375
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Schulp J. A., Stouthamer A. H. 1970; Influence of oxygen, glucose and nitrate upon the formation of nitrate reductase and the respiratory system in Bacillus licheniformis. J. Gen. Microbiol 64:195–203
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Seddon B., Fynn G. H. 1971; Terminal oxidations in Bacillus brevis. II. The electron transport system of Bacillus brevis. Arch. Mikrobiol 77:252–261
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Shipp W. S. 1972; Absorption bands of multiple b and c-type cytochromes in bacteria detected by numerical analysis of absorption spectra. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 150:482–488
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Smith L. 1954; Bacterial cytochromes. Difference spectra. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 50:299–314
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Smith L. 1961; Cytochromes in aerobic electron transport. 365–396 Gunsalus I. C., Stanier R. Y. The bacteria 2 Academic Press Inc; New York:
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Smith L. 1968; The respiratory chain of bacteria. 55–122 Singer T. P. Biological oxidations Interscience Publishers Inc; New York:
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Sone N. 1972; The redox reactions in propionic acid fermentation. I. Occurrence of an electron transport system in Propionibacterium arabi-nosum. J. Biochem 71:931–940
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Stanier R. Y., Palleroni N. J., Dou-doroff M. 1966; The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study. J. Gen. Microbiol 43:159–271
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Straat P. A., Nason A. 1965; Characterization of a nitrate reductase from the chemo-autotroph Nitrobacter agilis. J. Biol. Chem 240:1412–1426
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Taniguchi S., Kamen M. D. 1965; The oxidase system of heterotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 96:395–428
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Tissieres A. 1951; A study of the cytochrome system and some other aspects of the respiration of Aerobacter aerogenes. Biochem. J 50:279–288
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Tochikubo K. 1971; Changes in the terminal respiratory chain of Bacillus subtilis during germination, outgrowth and vegetative growth. J. Bacteriol 108:652–661
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Trudinger P. A. 1961; Thiosulfate oxidation and cytochromes in Thiobacillus X. I. Fractionation of bacterial extracts and properties of cytochromes. Biochem. J 78:673–680
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Tsein H. C, Laudelout H. 1971; Changes in cytochrome content and turnover number during growth of Nitrobacter. Arch. Microbiol 75:266–268
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Van Gool A., Laudelout H. 1966; The mechanism of nitrite oxidation by Nitrobacter winogradskyi. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 113:41–50
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Vernon L. P. 1956; Bacterial cytochromes. I. Cytochrome composition of Micrococcus deni-trificans and Pseudomonas denitrificans. J. Biol. Chem 222:1035–1049
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Vernon L. P., Mangum J. H. 1960; Cytochromes of Bacillus megaterium Bacillus subtilis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 90:103–104
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Vernon L. P., Mangum J. H., Beck J. V., Shafia F. H. 1960; Studies on a ferrous-ion oxidizing bacterium. II. Cytochrome composition. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 88:227–231
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Vernon L. P., White F. G. 1957; Terminal oxidases of Micrococcus denitrificans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 25:321–328
     [Google Scholar]
  101. de Vries W., van Wijk-Kapteiju W. M. C., Stouthamer A. H. 1972; Influence of oxygen on growth, cytochrome synthesis and fermentation pattern in propionic acid bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol 71:514–524
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Whale F. R., Jones O. T. 1970; The cytochrome system of heterotrophically grown Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 223:146–157
     [Google Scholar]
  103. White D. C. 1962; Cytochrome and catalase patterns during growth of Haemophilus parain-fluenzae. J. Bacteriol 83:851–859
     [Google Scholar]
  104. White D. C, Bryant M. P., Caldwell D. R. 1962; Cytochrome-linked fermentation in Bac-teriodes ruminicola. J. Bacteriol 84:822–888
     [Google Scholar]
  105. White D. C, Frerman F. E. 1967; Membrane lipid changes during formation of a functional electron transport system in Staph-ylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol 94:1868–1874
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Whittaker P. A. 1967; The electron transport system of organism NCIB 8250 (Moraxella sp.). . Biochem. J 103:50P–51P
     [Google Scholar]
  107. Whittenbury R. 1964; Hydrogen peroxide formation and catalase activity in the lactic acid bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol 35:13–26
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Yamanaka T. 1964; Identity of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase with Pseudomonas nitrite reductase. Nature London: 204253–255
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459
Loading
Distribution of Cytochromes in Bacteria: Relationship to General Physiology
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 23, 459 (1973); https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-23-4-459
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error