1887

Abstract

Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of 17 phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) representing seven major taxonomic groups established on the basis of MLO 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction patterns were examined by performing a sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. The sequence data showed that the MLOs which we examined are members of a relatively homogeneous group that evolved monophyletically from a common ancestor. In agreement with results obtained previously with other MLOs, our results also revealed that the organisms are more closely related to and other members of the anaeroplasma clade than to any other mollicutes. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNAs showed that the MLOs which we examined can be divided into the following five primary clusters: (i) the aster yellows strain cluster; (ii) the apple proliferation strain cluster; (iii) the western-X disease strain cluster; (iv) the sugarcane white leaf strain cluster; and (v) the elm yellows strain cluster. The aster yellows, western-X disease, and elm yellows strain clusters were divided into two subgroups each. MLOs whose 16S rDNA sequences have been determined previously by other workers can be placed in one of the five groups. In addition to the overall division based on 16S rDNA sequence homology data, the primary clusters and subgroups could be further defined by a number of positions in the 16S rDNAs that exhibited characteristic compositions, especially in the variable regions of the gene.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-3-440
1994-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/44/3/ijs-44-3-440.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-3-440&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ahrens IL, Lorenz K.-H., Seemüller E. 1994; Genetic diversity among mycoplasmalike organisms associated with stone fruit diseases. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 6:686–691
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahrens U., Seemüller E. 1992; Detection of DNA of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms by a polymerase chain reaction that amplifies a sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Phytopathology 82:828–832
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brosius J., Palmer M. L., Kennedy P. J., Noller H. F. 1978; Complete nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4801–4805
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chiykowski L. N., Sinha R. C. 1990; Differentiation of MLO diseases by means of symptomatology and vector transmission. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Suppl. 20:280–287
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Daire X., Boudon-Padieu E., Berville A., Schneider B., Caudwell A. 1992; Cloned DNA probes for detection of grapevine flavescence doreé mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). Ann. Appl. Biol. 121:95–103
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Deng S., Hiruki C. 1991; Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from culturable and nonculturable mollicutes. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53–61
    [Google Scholar]
  7. De Soete G. 1983; A least squares algorithm for fitting additive trees to proximity data. Psychometrika 48:621–626
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jukes T. H., Cantor C. R. 1969; Evolution of protein molecules. 21–132 In Munro H.N. (ed.) Mammalian protein metabolism Academic Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kirkpatrick B. C. 1989; Strategies for characterizing plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms and their effects on plants. 241–293 In Kosuge T., Nester E. (ed.) Plant-microbe interactions. Molecular and genetic perspectives vol. 3 McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kirkpatrick B. C. 1991; Mycoplasma-like organisms—plant and invertebrate pathogens. 4050–4067 In Balows A., Trüper H. G., Dworkin M., Harder W., Schleifer K. H. (ed.) The prokaryotes vol. 2 Springer-Verlag; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kirkpatrick B. C. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kison H., Schneider B., Seemüller E. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the apple proliferation mycoplas-malike organism. J. Phytopathol. in press
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kollar A., Seemüller E. 1989; Base composition of the DNA of mycoplasma-like organisms associated with plant diseases. J. Phytopathol. 127:177–186
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kuske C. R., Kirkpatrick B. C. 1992; Phylogenetic relationship between the western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organism and other prokaryotes established by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:226–233
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kuske C. R., Kirkpatrick B. C., Seemüller E. 1991; Differentiation of virescence MLOs using western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organism chromosomal DNA probes and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:153–159
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Larsen N., Olsen G. J., Maidak B. L., MacCaughey M. J., Overbeek R., Macke T. J., Marsh T. L., Woese C. R. 1993; The Ribosomal Database Project. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:3021–3023
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lee I.-M., Davis R. E. 1992; Mycoplasmas which infect plants and insects. 379–390 In Maniloff J., McElhaney R.N., Finch L.R., Baseman J.B. (ed.) Mycoplasmas: molecular biology and pathogenesis American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lee I.-M., Davis R. E., Chen T.-A., Chiykowski L. N., Fletcher J., Hiruki C., Schaff D. A. 1992; A genotype-based system for identification and classification of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in the aster yellows MLO strain cluster. Phytopathology 82:977–986
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lee I.-M., Hammond W., Davis R. E., Gundersen D. E. 1993; Universal amplification and analysis of pathogen 16S rDNA for classification and identification of mycoplasmalike organisms. Phytopathology 83:834–842
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lim P.-O., Sears B. B. 1989; 16S rRNA sequence indicates that plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms are evolutionarily distinct from animal mollicutes. J. Bacteriol. 171:5901–5906
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lim P.-O., Sears B. B. 1992; Evolutionary relationships of plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms and Acholeplasma laidlawii deduced from two ribosomal protein gene sequences. J. Bacteriol. 174:2606–2611
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Marwitz R. 1990; Diversity of yellows disease agents in plant infections. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Suppl. 20:431–434
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mäurer R., Seemüller E., Sinclair W. A. 1993; Genetic relatedness of mycoplasmalike organisms affecting elm, alder and ash in Europe and North America. Phytopathology 83:971–976
    [Google Scholar]
  24. McCoy R. E., Caudwell A, Chang C. J., Chen T. A., Chiykowski L. N., Cousin M. T., Dale J. L., DeLeeuw G.T. N., Golino D. A., Hackett K. J., Kirkpatrick B. C., Marwitz R., Petzold H., Sinha R. C., Sugiura M., Whitcomb R. F., Yang I. L., Zhu B. M., Seemüller E. 1989; Plant diseases associated with mycoplasmalike organisms. 545–640 In Whitcomb R.F., Tully J. G. (ed.) The mollicutes vol. 5 Academic Press, Inc.; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Namba S., Oyaizu H., Kato S., Iwanami S., Tsuchizaki T. 1993; Phylogenetic diversity of phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:461–167
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Neimark H., Kirkpatrick B. C. 1993; Isolation and characterization of full-length chromosomes from non-culturable plant-pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms. Mol. Microbiol. 7:21–28
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Razin S. 1992; Mycoplasma taxonomy and ecology. 3–22 In Maniloff J., McElhaney R.N., Finch L.R., Baseman J.B. (ed.) Mycoplasmas: molecular biology and pathogenesis American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Schneider B., Ahrens U., Kirkpatrick B. C., Seemüller E. 1993; Classification of plant-pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms using restriction-site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:519–527
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Schneider B., Seemüller E. Studies on taxonomic relationships of mycoplasmalike organisms by Southern blot analysis. J. Phytopathol. in press
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sears B. B., Lim P.-O., Holland N., Klomparens K. L. 1989; Isolation and characterization of DNA from a mycoplasmalike organism. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2:175–180
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Stackebrandt E. 1991; Unifying phylogeny and phenotypic diversity. 19–47 In Balows A., Trüper H. G., Dworkin M., Harder W., Schleifer K. H. (ed.) The prokaryotes vol. 1 Springer Verlag; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tully J. G. 1989; Class Mollicutes: new perspectives from plant and arthropod studies. 1–27 In Whitcomb R.F., Tully J. G. (ed.) The mollicutes vol. 5 Academic Press, Inc.; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tully J. G. 1993; International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes, minutes of the interim meetings, 1 and 2 Aug. 1992. Ames, Iowa. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:394r397
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. 1991; 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J. Bacteriol. 173:697–703
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Weisburg W. G., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Petzel J. P., Oyaizu H., Yang D., Mandelco L., Sechrest J., Lawrence T. G., Van Etten J., Maniloff J., Woese C. R. 1989; A phylogenetic analysis of the mollicutes: basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 171:6455–6467
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-3-440
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-44-3-440
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error