1887

Abstract

We performed a systematic study of 55 solvent-producing clostridial strains, the majority of which are currently classified as strains, by using a combination of biotyping and DNA fingerprint analysis. The biotyping procedures used included rifampin susceptibility testing, bacteriocin typing, and bacteriophage typing. The 55 strains examined exhibited a good correlation between their biotypes and DNA fingerprints, which allowed us to divide them into nine groups. The DNA fingerprints of the nine groups differed markedly, but within each group the DNA fingerprints exhibited a high level of similarity. To determine the phylogenetic relationships of the nine groups, we performed a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results of a comparative analysis of the partial sequence corresponding to positions 830 to 1383 ( numbering) of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the nine biotype groups could be assembled into four taxonomic groups. The complete 16S rRNA sequences of strains representing these groups were determined. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the amylolytic type strain ATCC 824 (taxonomic group I) was only distantly related to the saccharolytic strains belonging to taxonomic groups II, III, and IV (levels of sequence similarity, 90 to 90.5%). The strains belonging to taxonomic groups II, III, and IV, represented by NCP 262, “” N1-4, and NCIMB 8052 (T = type strain), respectively, were closely related (levels of sequence similarity, 98.2 to 98.9%). NCIMB 8052 exhibited a level of similarity of 100% with the type strain of . Reclassification of the saccharolytic solvent-producing strains is necessary, and possible names for the four taxonomic groups are discussed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-45-4-693
1995-10-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/45/4/ijs-45-4-693.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-45-4-693&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arzberger C. F. August 1936 U.S. patent 2:050–219
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arzberger C. F. December 1938 U.S. patent 2:139–108
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beesch S. C., Legg D. A. May 1947 U.S. patent 2:420–998
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Borges K. M., Bergquist P. L. 1992; A rapid method for preparation of bacterial chromosomal DNA in agarose plugs using Thermus Rt41A proteinase. BioTechniques 12:222–223
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cato E. P., Stackebrandt E. 1989; Taxonomy and phylogeny. 1–26 Minton N. P., Clarke D. J. Clostridia. Biotechnology handbooks 3 Plenum Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins M. D., Lawson P. A., Willems A., Cordoba J. J., Fernandez-Garayzabal J., Garcia P., Cai J., Hippe H., Farrow J. A. E. 1994; The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:812–826
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Collins M. D., Rodrigues U. M., Dainty R. H., Edwards R. A., Roberts T. A. 1992; Taxonomic studies on a psychrophilic Clostridium from vacuum-packed beef: description of Clostridium estertheticum sp. nov. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 96:235–240
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cummins C. S., Johnson J. L. 1971; Taxonomy of the clostridia: wall composition and DNA homologies in Clostridium butyricum and other butyric acid-producing clostridia. J. Gen. Microbiol 67:33–46
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. 1984; A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res 12:387–395
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hastings J. J. H. 1971; Development of the fermentation industries in Great Britain. Adv. Appl. Microbiol 14:1–45
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hongo M. July 1960 U.S. patent 2:945–786
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hongo M., Murata A. 1965; Bacteriophages of Clostridium sacchar-operbutylacetonicum. I. Some characteristics of the twelve phages obtained from the abnormally fermented broths. Agric. Biol. Chem 29:1135–1139
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hongo M., Murata A., Kono K., Kato F. 1968; Lysogeny and bacteriocinogeny in strains of Clostridium species. Agric. Biol. Chem 32:27–33
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hongo M., Murata A., Ogata S. 1969; Bacteriophages of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. XVI. Isolation and some characters of a temperate phage. Agric. Biol. Chem 33:337–342
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hutson R. A., Thompson D. E., Collins M. D. 1993; Genetic interrelationships of saccharolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F and related clostridia as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 108:103–110
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hutson R. A., Thompson D. E., Lawson P. A., Schocken-Itturino R. P., Bottger E. C., Collins M. D. 1993; Genetic interrelationships of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and F and other members of the Clostridium botulinum complex as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 64:273–283
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson J. L., Chen J.-S. Taxonomic relationships among strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum and other phenotypically similar organisms. FEMS Microbiol. Rev in press
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Johnson J. L., Francis B. S. 1975; Taxonomy of the clostridia: ribo-somal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. J. Gen. Microbiol 88:229–244
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jones D. T., Keis S. Origins and relationships of industrial solvent-producing clostridial strains. FEMS Microbiol. Rev in press
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1986; Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited. Microbiol. Rev 50:484–524
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1989; Solvent production. 105–144 Minton N. P., Clarke D. J. Clostridia. Biotechnology handbooks 3 Plenum Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kristjansson M., Samore M. H., Gerding D. N., DeGirolami P. C., Bettin K. M., Karchmer A. W., Arbeit R. D. 1994; Comparison of restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular differentiation of Clostridium difficile strains. J. Clin. Microbiol 32:1963–1969
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lawson P. A., Llop-Perez P., Hutson R. A., Hippe H., Collins M. D. 1993; Towards a phylogeny of the clostridia based on 16S rRNA sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 113:87–92
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lemme C. J., Frankiewicz J. R. November 1982 U.S. patent 4:521–516
    [Google Scholar]
  25. McClelland M., Jones R., Patel Y., Nelson M. 1987; Restriction endo-nucleases for pulsed field mapping of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 15:5985–6005
    [Google Scholar]
  26. McCoy E., Fred E. B., Peterson W. H., Hastings E. G. 1926; A cultural study of the acetone butyl alcohol organism. J. Infect. Dis 39:457–484
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McCoy E., McClung L. S. 1935; Studies on anaerobic bacteria. V. The serological agglutination of Clostridium acetobutylicum and related species. J. Infect. Dis 56:333–346
    [Google Scholar]
  28. McCoy E. F. March 1938 U.S. patent 2:110–109
    [Google Scholar]
  29. McCoy E. F. April 1946 U.S. patent 2:398–837
    [Google Scholar]
  30. McCutchan W. N., Hickey R. J. 1954; The butanol-acetone fermentations. 347–388 Underkofler L. A., Hickey R. J. Industrial fermentations 1 Chemical Publishing; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Müller J. October 1938 U.S. patent 2:132–039
    [Google Scholar]
  32. National Chemical Products, Ltd 1945; Acetone-butanol fermentation reports and correspondence from 1939 to 1983. In NCP archives National Chemical Products, Ltd; Germiston, South Africa:
    [Google Scholar]
  33. O’Brien R. W., Morris J. G. 1971; Oxygen and the growth and metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum . J. Gen. Microbiol 68:307–318
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Ogata S., Hongo M. 1979; Bacteriophages of the genus Clostridium . Adv. Appl. Microbiol 25:241–273
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Peri B. A. 1948 M. Sc. thesis University of Wisconsin; Madison:
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Peri B. A., Watson D. W. 1948; Studies on host-virus relationships: lysogenesis in a strain of Clostridium madisonii . Proc. Meet. Soc. Am. Bacteriol 1:26
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Reid S. J., Allcock E. R., Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1983; Transformation of Clostridium acetobutylicum protoplasts with bacteriophage DNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 45:305–307
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Ross D. 1961; The acetone-butanol fermentation. Prog. Ind. Microbiol 3:73–85
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Ryden R. 1958 Development of anaerobic fermentation processes: acetone-butanol125–148 Steel R. Biochemical engineering; Heywood, London:
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sherman J. M., Erb N. M. October 1935 U.S. patent 2:017–572
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Spivey M. J. 1978; The acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation. Process Biochem 13:2–5
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Stackebrandt E., Goebel B. M. 1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 44:846–849
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Weizmann C. September 1919 U.S. patent 1:315–585
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Weyer E. R., Rettger L. F. 1927; A comparative study of six different strains of the organism commonly concerned in large-scale production of butyl alcohol and acetone by the biological process. J. Bacteriol 14:399–424
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Wilkinson S. R., Young M. 1993; Wide diversity of genome size among different strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum . J. Gen. Microbiol 139:1069–1076
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wilkinson S. R., Young M., Goodacre R., Morris J. G., Farrow J. A. E., Collins M. D. 1995; Phenotypic and genotypic differences between certain strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum . FEMS Microbiol. Lett 125:199–204
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Woodruff J. C., Stiles H. R., Legg D. A. August 1937 U.S. patent 2:089–522
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-45-4-693
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-45-4-693
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error