Polyphasic Approach to the Classification and Identification of Gardnerella vaginalis and Unidentified Gardnerella vaginalis-Like Coryneforms Present in Bacterial Vaginosis

References

1. Amies C. R., Garabedian M. 1963; The bacteriology of human vaginitis. Can. J. Public Health 54:50
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bahaka D., Neut C., Khattabi A., Monget D., Gavini F. 1993; Phenotypic and genomic analyses of human strains belonging or related to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium breve. Int. J. Syst. BacterioL 43:565–573
   [Google Scholar]
3. Blackwell A., Fox A.R., Philips L., Barlow D. 1983; Anaerobic vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis): clinical, microbiological and therapeutic findings. Lancet ii:1379–1381
   [Google Scholar]
4. Boustouller Y. L., Johnson A. P., Taylor-Robinson D. 1986; Detection of a species-specific antigen of Gardnerella vaginalis by Western blot analysis. J. Gen. Microbiol 132:1969–1973
   [Google Scholar]
5. Costas M. 1992 Classification, identification, and typing of bacteria by the analysis of their one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns. 351–408 Chambrach A., Dunn M. J, Radola B. J.ed Advances in electrophoresis 5 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft; Weinheim, Germany:
   [Google Scholar]
6. Criswell B. S., Marston J. H., Stenback W. A., Black S. H., Gardner H. L. 1971; Haemophilus vaginalis 594, a Gram-negative organism? Can. J. Microbiol 17:865–869
   [Google Scholar]
7. Criswell B. S., Stenback W. A., Black S. H., Gardner H. L. 1972; Fine structure of Haemophilus vaginalis. J. BacterioL 109:930–932
   [Google Scholar]
8. Csango P. A., Hagen N., Jagars G. 1983; Characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis by gas chromatography. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. SuppL 40:19–22
   [Google Scholar]
9. De Rijk P., Van De Peer Y., Chapelle S., De Wachter R. 1994; Database on the structure of large ribosomal subunit RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 22:3495–3501
   [Google Scholar]
10. Dunkelberg W. E., McVeigh L. 1969; Growth requirements of Haemophilus vaginalis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol 35:129–145
    [Google Scholar]
11. Edmunds P. N. 1960; Haemophilus vaginalis: morphology, cultural characters and viability. J. Pathol. Bacteriol 79:273–284
    [Google Scholar]
12. Edmunds P. N. 1960; The growth requirements of Haemophilus vaginalis. J. Pathol. Bacteriol 80:325–335
    [Google Scholar]
13. Edmunds P. N. 1962; The biochemical, serological and haemagglutinating reactions of Haemophilus vaginalisy J. Pathol. Bacteriol 83:411–422
    [Google Scholar]
14. Fox G. E., Wisotzkey J. D., Jurtshuk P. 1992; How close is close: 16S rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 42:166–170
    [Google Scholar]
15. Garabedian M. S. 1969; A study of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes. Can. J. Med. Technol 31:144–150
    [Google Scholar]
16. Gardner H. L., Dukes C. H. 1955; Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis: a newly defined specific infection previously classified as ‘nonspecific’ vaginitis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 69:962–976
    [Google Scholar]
17. Gavini F., Khattabi A. Unpublished data
18. Gavini F., Pourcher A.-M., Neut C., Monget D., Romond C., Oger C., Izard D. 1991; Phenotypic differentiation of bifidobacteria of human and animal origins. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 41:548–557
    [Google Scholar]
19. Giesendorf B. A. J., Quint W., Henkens M., Stegeman H., Huf F. A., Niesters H. 1992; Rapid and sensitive detection of Campylobacter spp. in chicken products using the PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 58:3804–3808
    [Google Scholar]
20. Greenwood J. R., Pickett M. J. 1980; Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a new genus, Gardnerella: G. vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes) comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 30:170–178
    [Google Scholar]
21. Gutell R. R., Weiser B., Woese C. R., Noller H. F. 1985; Comparative anatomy of 16S-like ribosomal RNA. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol 32:155–216
    [Google Scholar]
22. Holst E., Mardh P. A., Thelin I. 1984 Recovery of anaerobic curved rods and Gardnerella vaginalis from the urethra of men, including male heterosexual consorts to female carriers. 173–178 Mardh P. A., Taylor-Robinson Dt. ed Bacterial vaginosis Almqvist and Wiksell; Stockholm:
    [Google Scholar]
23. Jantzen E., Berdal B. P., Omland T. 1980; Cellular fatty acid composition of Haemophilus species, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale). Acta PathoL Microbiol. Scand 88:89–93
    [Google Scholar]
24. Jukes T. H., Cantor C. R. 1969 Evolution of protein molecules. 21–132 Munro H. N.ed Mammalian protein metabolism Academic Press; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
25. Karlson U., Dwyer D. F., Hooper S. W., Moore E. R. B., Timmis K. N., Eltis L. D. 1993; Two independently regulated cytochromes P-450 in Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain that degrades 2-ethoxyphenol and 4-methoxybenzoate. J. Bacteriol 175:1467–1474
    [Google Scholar]
26. Krohn M. A., Hillier S. L., Eschenbach D. 1989; Comparison of methods for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women. J. Clin. Microbiol 27:1266–1271
    [Google Scholar]
27. Lane D. J. 1991 16S/23S sequencing. 115–175 Stackebrandt E., Goodfellow M.ed Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics John Wiley; Chichester, United Kingdom:
    [Google Scholar]
28. Lapage S. P. 1961; Haemophilus vaginalis and its role in vaginitis. Acta PathoL Microbiol. Scand 52:34–54
    [Google Scholar]
29. Lapage S. P. 1974 Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes 1955. 368–370 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E.ed Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th. The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
30. Leopold S. 1953; Heretofore undescribed organism isolated from the genitourinary system. U.S. Armed Forces Med. J 4:263–266
    [Google Scholar]
31. Moss C. W., Dunkelberg W. E. 1969; Volatile and cellular fatty acids of Haemophilus vaginalis. J. Bacteriol 100:544–546
    [Google Scholar]
32. Mullis K. B., Faloona F. 1987; Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol 155:335–350
    [Google Scholar]
33. O’Donnell A. G., Minnikin D. E., Goodfellow M., Piot P. 1984; Fatty acid, polar lipid and wall amino acid composition of Gardnerella vaginalis. Arch. Microbiol 138:68–71
    [Google Scholar]
34. Olsen G. J., Larsen N., Woese C. R. 1991; The Ribosomal RNA Database Project. Nucleic Acids Res 19:2017–2021
    [Google Scholar]
35. Park C. H., Fauber M., Cook C. B. 1968; Identification of Haemophilus vaginalis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 49:590–593
    [Google Scholar]
36. Piot P., Van Dyck E., Godts P., Vanderheyden J. 1982; The vaginal microbial flora in non-specific vaginitis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:301–306
    [Google Scholar]
37. Piot P., Van Dyck E., Goodfellow M., Falkow S. 1980; A taxonomic study of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) Gardner and Dukes 1955. J. Gen. Microbiol 119:373–396
    [Google Scholar]
38. Pot B., Vandamme P., Kersters K. 1994 Analysis of electrophoretic whole-organism protein fingerprints. 493–521 Goodfellow M., O’Donnell A. G.ed Modem microbial methods. Chemical methods in prokaryotic systematics J. Wiley and Sons; Ltd., Chichester, United Kingdom:
    [Google Scholar]
39. Reyn A., Birch-Andersen A., Lapage S. P. 1966; An electron microscope study of thin sections of Haemophilus vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes) and some possibly related species. Can. J. Microbiol 12:1125–1136
    [Google Scholar]
40. Sadhu K., Domingue P. A. G., Chow A. W., Nelligan J., Cheng N., Costerton J. W. 1989; Gardnerella vaginalis has a Gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure and lacks classical cell-wall lipopolysaccharide. J. Med. Microbiol 29:229–235
    [Google Scholar]
41. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. 1988; Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487–490
    [Google Scholar]
42. Scardovi V. 1986 Section 15. Irregular nonsporing gram positive rods. Genus Bifidobacterium Orla-Jensen 1924. 1418–1434 Sneath P. H. A., Mair N. S., Sharpe M. E., Holt J. G.ed Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology 2 The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
43. Spiegel C. A., Eschenbach D. A., Amsel R., Holmes K. K. 1983; Curved anaerobic bacteria in bacterial (nonspecific) vaginosis and their response to antimicrobial therapy. J. Infect. Dis 148:817–822
    [Google Scholar]
44. Thomason J. L., Schreckenberger P. C., Spellacy W. N., Riff L. J., LeBeau L. J. 1984; Clinical and microbiological characterization of patients with nonspecific vaginosis associated with motile, curved anaerobic rods. J. Infect. Dis 149:801–809
    [Google Scholar]
45. Vandamme P., Falsen E., Rossau R., Hoste B., Segers P., Tytgat R., De Ley J. 1991; Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 41:88–103
    [Google Scholar]
46. Vandamme P., Vancanneyt M., Pot B., Mels L., Hoste B., Dewettinck D., Vlaes L., Van Den Borre C., Riggings R., Hommez J., Kersters K., Butzler J.-P., Goossens H. 1992; Polyphasic taxonomic study of the emended genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii sp. nov., an aerotolerant bacterium isolated from veterinary specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 42:344–356
    [Google Scholar]
47. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
48. Woese C. R., Gutell R., Gupta R., Noller H. F. 1983; Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic acids. Microbiol. Rev 47:621–669
    [Google Scholar]
49. Wiist J., Martinetti Lucchini G., Liithy-Hottenstein J., Brun F., Altwegg M. 1993; Isolation of gram-positive rods that resemble but are clearly distinct from Actinomyces pyogenes from mixed wound infections. J. Clin. Microbiol 31:1127–1135
    [Google Scholar]
50. Wiist J., Stubbs S., Weiss N., Funke G., Collins M. D. 1995; Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. nov, Lett. Appl. Microbiol 20:76–81
    [Google Scholar]
51. Zinneman K, Turner G. C. 1963; The taxonomic position of ‘Haemophilus vaginalis¹ (Corynebacterium vaginale). J. Pathol. Bacteriol 85:213–219
    [Google Scholar]