1887

Abstract

Abstract

A phytoplasma was detected in naturally diseased ‘Chardonnay’ grapevines exhibiting symptoms of Australian grapevine yellows disease. The use of PCR designed to amplify phytoplasma DNA resulted in detection of phytoplasma DNA in all of the diseased plants examined; no phytoplasma DNA was detected in healthy seedling grapevines. The collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA differed from the patterns described previously for other phytoplasmas. On the basis of the RFLP patterns, Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was classified as a representative of a new subgroup, designated subgroup 16SrI-J, in phytoplasma 16S rRNA group 16SrI (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas). A phylogenetic analysis in which parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences from this and other group 16SrI phytoplasmas was used identified the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma as a member of a distinct subclade (subclade xii) in the phytoplasma clade of the class A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was consistent with the hypothesis that there was divergent evolution of Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and its closet known relative, European stolbur phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrI-G), from a common ancestor. The unique properties of the DNA from the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma clearly establish that it represents a new taxon, Phytoplasma australiense.”

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-262
1997-04-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/47/2/ijs-47-2-262.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-262&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albanese G., Davis R. E., Granata G., Dally E. L., Santucci T., Tessitori M. 1996; DNA-based analyses to detect and identify phytoplasma yellows-diseased grapevines in Sicily. Petria 6:65–76
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alma A., Davis R. E., Vibio M., Danielli A., Bosco D., Arzone A., Bertaccini A. 1996; Mixed infection of grapevines in northern Italy by phytoplasmas including 16S rRNA RFLP subgroup 16SrI-B strains previously unreported in this host. Plant Dis. 80:418–421
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Arno C., Alma A., Bosco D., Arzone A. 1993; Investigations on spatial distribution and symptom fluctuation of flavescence doree in ‘Chardonnay’ vineyards. Petria 3:81–91
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bertaccini A. Personal communication
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bertaccini A., Vibio M., Stefani E. 1995; Detection and molecular characterization of phytoplasmas infecting grapevine in Liguria (Italy). Phytopathol. Mediterr. 34:137–141
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Caudwell A., Larrue J., Kuszala C., Bachelier J.-C. 1971; Pluralité des jaunisses de la vigne. Ann. Phytopathol. 3:95–105
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Caudwell A., Giannotti J., Kuszala C., Larrue J. 1971; Étude du role de particules de type “mycoplasme” dans l’etiologie de la flavescence dorée de la vigne. Examen cytologique des plantes malades et des cicadelles infectieuses. Ann. Phytopathol. 3:107–123
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cazelles O., Desbaillet C., Schmid A. 1992; Jaunisses de la vigne en Suisse romande et au Tessin. Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 24:133–134
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Daire X., Boudon-Padieu E., Berville A., Schneider B., Caudwell A. 1992; Cloned DNA probes for detection of grapevine flavescence doree mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). Ann. Appl. Biol. 121:95–103
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Daire X., Clair D., Larrue J., Boudon-Padieu E., Caudwell A. 1993; Diversity among mycoplasma-like organisms inducing grapevine yellows in France. Vitis 32:159–163
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Daire X., Clair D., Larrue J., Boudon-Padieu E., Alma A., Arzone A., Carraro L., Osier R., Refatti E., Granata G., Credi R., Tanne E., Pearson R., Caudwell A. 1993; Occurrence of diverse MLOs in tissues of grapevine affected by grapevine yellows in different countries. Vitis 32:247–248
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Davis R. E. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Davis R. E., Bertaccini A. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Davis R. E., Dally E. L. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Davis R. E., Dally E. L., Bertaccini A. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Davis R. E., Prince J. P., Hammond R. W., Dally E. L., Lee I.-M. 1992; Polymerase chain reaction detection of Italian periwinkle virescence mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) and evidence for relatedness with aster yellows MLOs. Petria 2:183–192
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Davis R. E., Dally E. L., Bertaccini A., Credi R., Lee I. M., Osler R., Carraro L., Barba M. 1992; Cloned DNA probes for specific detection of Italian periwinkle virescence mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) and investigation of genetic relatedness with other MLOs. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 31:5–12
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Davis R. E., Dally E. L., Bertaccini A., Lee I.-M., Credi R., Osler R., Savino V., Carraro L., Di Terlizzi B., Barba M. 1993; Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and dot hybridizations distinguish mycoplasmalike organisms associated with flavescence dorée and southern European grapevine yellows disease in Italy. Phytopathology 83:772–776
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Davis R. E., Lee I.-M. 1993; Cluster-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rDNA sequences for detection and identification of mycoplasmaslike organisms. Phytopathology 83:1008–1011
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gibb K. S., Padovan A. C., Mogen B. D. 1995; Studies on sweet potato little-leaf phytoplasma detected in sweet potato and other plant species growing in northern Australia. Phytopathology 85:169–174
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Granata G., Grimaldi V. 1991; Electron microscopy detection of mycoplasma-like organisms in epidemic yellow infected grapevines. Petria 1:171–175
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Gundersen D. E., Lee I.-M. 1996; Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144–151
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gundersen D. E., Lee I.-M., Rehner S. A., Davis R. E., Kingsbury D. T. 1994; Phylogeny of mycoplasmalike organisms (phytoplasmas): a basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 176:5244–5254
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Gundersen D. E., Lee I.-M., Schaff D. A., Harrison N. A., Chang C. J., Davis R. E., Kingsbury D. T. 1996; Genomic diversity and differentiation among phytoplasma strains in 16S rRNA group I (aster yellows and related strains) and group III (peach X-disease and related strains). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:64–75
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kuske C. R., Kirkpatrick B. C. 1992; Phylogenetic relationships between the western aster yellows mycoplasmalike organisms and other prokaryotes established by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:226–233
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kuszala C., Cazelles O., Boulud J., Credi R., Granata G., Kriel G., Magarey P., Magnien C., Pearson R. C., Refatti E., Tanne E., Caudwell A. 1993; Contribution a l’etude des jaunisses de la vigne dans le monde. Prospection par test Elisa specifique du mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) de la flavescence doree. Agronomie (Paris) 13:929–933
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lee I.-M., Gundersen D. E., Hammond R. W., Davis R. E. 1994; Use of mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) group-specific oligonucleotide primers for nested-PCR assays to detect mixed-MLO infections in a single host plant. Phytopathology 84:559–566
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lee I.-M., Hammond R. W., Davis R. E., Gundersen D. E. 1993; Universal amplification and analysis of pathogen 16S rDNA for classification and identification of mycoplasmalike organisms. Phytopathology 83:834–842
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lim P. O., Sears B. B. 1989; 16S rRNA sequence indicated that plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms are evolutionarily distinct from animal mycoplasmas. J. Bacteriol. 171:5901–5906
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Magarey P. A., Wachtel M. F. 1986; Grapevine yellows—a widespread, apparently new disease in Australia. Plant Dis. 70:694
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Magarey P. A., Wachtel M. F. 1983; Australian vine yellows. I. Inference of a mycoplasmalike aetiology for a new disease of Australian grapevines. 118 4th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Melbourne, Australia University of Melbourne; Australia:
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Magarey P. A., Wachtel M. F. 1985; A review of the present status of Australian grapevine yellows. Agric. Rec. 12:12–18
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Magarey P. A., Wachtel M. F. 1986; Australian grapevine yellows. Int. J. Trop. Plant Dis. 4:1–14
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Magarey P. A., Plasvic B., Wachtel M. F. 1988; MLO associated with Australian grapevine yellows diseased phloem cells. Int. J. Trop. Plant Dis. 6:175–179
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Maixner M., Ahrens U., Seemüller E. 1994; Detection of mycoplasmalike organisms associated with a yellows disease of grapevine in Germany. J. Phytopathol. 142:1–10
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Maixner M., Ahrens U., Seemüller E. 1995; Detection of the German grapevine yellows (Vergilbungskrankheit) MLO in grapevine, alternative hosts, and a vector by a specific PCR procedure. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 101:241–250
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Murray R. G. E., Schleifer K. H. 1994; Taxonomic note: a proposal for recording the properties of putative taxa of prokaryotes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:174–176
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Namba S., Oyaizu H., Kato S., Iwanami S., Tsuchizaki T. 1993; Phylogenetic diversity of phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:461–467
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Osier R., Carraro L., Loi N., Refatti E. 1993; Symptom expression and disease occurrence of a yellows disease of grapevine in northeastern Italy. Plant Dis. 77:496–498
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Osmelak J. A., Emmett R. W., Powell M. 1989; Monitoring for potential leafhopper vectors (Hemiptera: Cicadelloidea and Fulgoridea) of the causal agent of Australian grapevine yellows. Plant Prot. Q. 4:8–10
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Padovan A. C., Gibb K. S., Bertaccini A., Vibio M., Bonfiglioli R. E., Magarey P. A., Sears B. B. 1995; Molecular detection of the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and comparison with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas from Italy. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 1:25–31
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Parente A. M., Abreu I., Saleme R. 1994; Mycoplasma-like organisms associated with phloem cells of diseased grapevines in northern Portugal. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 101:124–127
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Pearson R. C., Pool R. M., Gonsalves D., Goffinet M. C. 1985; Occurrence of flavescence doree-like symptoms on ‘White Riesling’ grapevines in New York, U.S.A. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 24:82–87
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Prince J. P., Davis R. E., Wolf T. K., Lee I.-M., Mogen B. D., Dally E. L., Bertaccini A., Credi R., Barba M. 1993; Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs. Phytopathology 83:1130–1137
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Schneider B., Ahrens U., Kirkpatrick B. C., Seemüller E. 1993; Classification of plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms using restriction-site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:519–527
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Seemüller E., Schneider B., Maurer R., Ahrens U., Daire X., Kison H., Lorenz K.-H., Ferrao G., Avinent L., Sears B. B., Stackebrandt E. 1994; Phylogenetic classification of phytopathogenic mollicutes by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:440–446
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Tully J. G., Whitcomb R. F., Rose D. L., Bove J. M., Carle P., Somerson N. L., Williamson D. L., Eden-Green S. 1994; Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov. and Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov., two non-sterol-requiring mollicutes from plant surfaces. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:680–684
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Uyemoto J. K. 1974; A new disease affecting the grapevine variety De Chaunac. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 1:146
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Vibio M., Bertaccini A., Lee I.-M., Davis R. E., Clark M. F. 1996; Differentiation and classification of aster yellows and related European phytoplasmas. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:33–42
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Weisburg W. G., Tully J. G., Rose D. L., Petzel J. P., Oyaizu H., Mandelco L., Sechrest J., Lawrence T. G., Van Etten J., Maniloff J., Woese C. R. 1989; A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification. J. Bacteriol. 171:6455–6467
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Zreik L., Carle P., Bove J. M., Garnier M. 1995; Characterization of the mycoplasmalike organism associated with witches’-broom disease of lime and proposition of a Candidatus taxon for the organism, “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia.”. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:449–453
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-262
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-2-262
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error