1887

Abstract

A dark-green-pigmented marine bacterium, previously designated D2, which produces components that are inhibitory to common marine fouling organisms has been characterized and assessed for taxonomic assignment. Based on direct double-stranded sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, D2 was found to show the highest similarity (93%) to members of the genus . The G+C content of D2 is 42 mol%, and it is a facultatively anaerobic rod and oxidase-positive. D2 is motile by a sheathed polar flagellum, exhibited non-fermentative metabolism and required sodium ions for growth. The strain was not capable of using citrate, fructose, sucrose, sorbitol and glycerol but it utilizes mannose and maltose and hydrolyses gelatin. The molecular evidence, together with phenotypic characteristics, showed that this bacterium which produces an antifouling agent constitutes a new species of the genus . The name is proposed for this bacterium, and the type strain is D2 (= CCUG 26757).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1205
1998-10-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/48/4/ijs-48-4-1205.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1205&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Akagawa-Matsushita M., Koga Y., Yamasato K. 1993; DNA relatedness among nonpigmented species of Alteromonas and synonymy Alteromonas haloplanktis (Zobell and Upham 1944) Reichelt and Baumann 1973 and Alteromonas tetraodonis Simidu et al. 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:500–503
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bauer A. N., Kirby W. M. M., Sherry J. C., Turck M. 1966; Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standard single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 45:493–496
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Baumann L., Baumann P., Mandel M., Allen R. D. 1972; Taxonomy of aerobic marine eubacteria. J Bacteriol 110:402–429
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Baumann P., Gauthier M. J., Baumann L. 1984 Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bein S. J. 1954; A study of certain chromogenic bacteria isolated from “red tide” water with a description of a new species. Bull Mar Sci Gulf Caribb 4:110–119
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bligh E. G., Dyer W. J. 1959; A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bozal N., Tudela E., Rossello-Mora R., Lalucat J., Guinea J. 1997; Pseudoalteromonas antaretica sp. nov., isolated from an Antarctic coastal environment. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:345–351
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Brosius J., Palmer M. L., Kennedy P. J., Noller H. F. 1978; Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escheriehia coli. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA 75:4801–4805
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Clark J. D., Maaloe O. 1967; DNA replication and the division cycle in Escheriehia coli. J Bacteriol 151:1568–1580
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Deming J. W., Somers L. K., Straube W. L., Swartz D. G., MacDonell M. T. 1988; Isolation of an oligatory barophilic bacterium and description of a new genus, Colwellia gen. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 10:152–160
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Egan S. 1995; Inhibition of algal spores germination by marine bacteria. Honors thesis University of New South Wales;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Enger O., Nygaard H., Solberg M., Schei G., Nielsen J., Dundas I. 1987; Characterization of Alteromonas denitrificans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:416–421
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Felsenstein J. 1989; phylip: phylogeny inference package. Cladistics 5:164–166
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gauthier G., Gauthier M., Christen R. 1995; Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Alteromonas, Shewanella and Moritella using genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences and division of the genus Alteromonas into two genera, Alteromonas (emended) and Pseudoalteromonas gen. nov., and proposal of twelve new species combination. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:755–761
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Givskov M., De Nys R., Manefield M., Gram L., Maximilien R., Eberl L., Molin S., Steinberg P., Kjelleberg S. 1996; Eukaryotic interference with homoserine lactone mediated procaryotic signalling. J Bacteriol 178:6618–6622
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Guckert J. B., Antworth C. P., Nichols P. D., White D. C. 1985; Phospholipid, ester-linked fattyacid profiles as reproducible assays for changes in prokaryotic community structure of estuarine sediments. FEMS Microb Ecol 31:147–158
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hallbeck L., Stahl F., Pedersen K. 1993; Phylogeny and phenotypic characterization of stalk forming and iron-oxidizing bacterium Gallionella ferruginea. J Gen Microbiol 139:1531–1535
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Holmström C., Rittschof D., Kjelleberg S. 1992; Inhibition of settlement by larvae of Balanus amphitrite and Ciona intestinalis by a surface-colonizing marine bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2111–2115
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Holmström C. 1993; Regulation of settlement of marine invertebrate larvae by bacterial extracellular components. PhD thesis University of Göteborg;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Holmström C., Kjelleberg S. 1994; The effect of external biological factors on settlement of marine invertebrate and new antifouling technology. Biofouling 8:147–160
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Holmström C., James S., Egan S., Kjelleberg S. 1996; Inhibition of common fouling organisms by marine bacterial isolates with special reference to the role of pigmented bacteria. Biofouling 10:251–259
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Holmström C., James S., Egan S., Kjelleberg S. 1997; Regulation of activity and settlement of marine organisms by bacterial extracellular components. In Proceedings of US-Pacific Rim Workshop on Emerging Nonmetallic Materials for the Marine EnvironmentHonolulu section 3·16–3·20 Washington, DC: US Office of Naval Research;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hugh R., Leifson E. 1953; The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram-negative bacteria. J Bacteriol 66:24–26
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Ivanova E. P., Kiprianova E. A., Mikhailov V. V., Levanova G. F., Garagulya A. D., Gorshikova N. M., Yumoto N., Yoshikawa S. 1996; Characterization and identification of marine Alteromonas nigrifaciens strains and emendation of the description. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:223–228
    [Google Scholar]
  25. James S., Holmström C., Kjelleberg S. 1996; Purification and characterization of a novel antibacterial protein from the marine bacterium D2. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:2783–2788
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Johnson J. L. 1994; DNA sequence similarities. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology664–665 Gerhardt P., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jukes T. H., Cantor C. R. 1969; Evolution of protein molecules. In Mammalian Protein Metabolism21–132 Munro H. N. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Kita-Tsukamoto K., Oyaizu H., Nanba K., Simidu U. 1993; Phylogenetic relationships of marine bacteria, mainly members of the family Vibrionaceae determined on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences. Int J Syst Bacterial 43:8–19
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kovaks N. 1956; Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature 178:703
    [Google Scholar]
  30. MacDonell M. T., Colwell R. R. 1985; Phylogeny of the Vibrionaceae and recommendation for two new genera, Listonella and Shewanella. Syst Appl Microbiol 6:171–182
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Novic N. J., Tyler M. E. 1985; Isolation and characterization of Alteromonas luteoviolaceae strains with sheathed flagella. Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:111–113
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Östling J., Goodman A., Kjelleberg S. 1991; Behaviour of IncP-1 plasmids and a miniMu transposon in a marine Vibrio sp. isolation of starvation inducible lac operon fusions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 86:83–94
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbor-joining method : a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evo 14:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Simidu U., Kita-Tsukamoto K., Yasumoto T., Yotsu M. 1990; Taxonomy of four marine bacterial strains that produce tetrodotoxin. Int J Syst Bacteriol 40:331–336
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Skerman V. B. D. 1967; A guide to the identification of the genera of bacteria. In Abstracts of Microbiological Methods147 Skerman V. B. D. New York: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Svetashev V. J., Vysotskii M. V., Ivanova E. P., Mikhailov V. V. 1995; Cellular fatty acids of Alteromonas species. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:37–43
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Szewzyk U., Holmström C., Wrangstadh M., Samuelsson M.-O., Maki J. S., Kjelleberg S. 1991; Relevance of the exopolysaccharide of marine Pseudomonas sp. strain S9 for the attachment of Ciona intestinalis larvae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75:259–265
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Techkamjanaruk S., Pongpattanakitshote S., Goodman A. 1997; Use of a promoterless lacZ gene insertion to investigate chitinase gene expression in the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp strain S9. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:2989–2996
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. 1994; clustal w : improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Weiner R. M., Coyne V. E., Brayton P. P., Raiken S. F. 1988; Alteromonas colwelliana sp. nov.,an isolate from oyster habitats. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:240–244
    [Google Scholar]
  41. White D. C., Nickels J. D., King J. D., Bobbie R. J. 1979; Determination of the sedimentary microbial biomass by extractable lipid phosphate. Oecologia (Berlin) 40:51–62
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Wilson K. 1992; Preparation and analysis of DNA. In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology section 2·4.1 Ausubel F. M., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. Boston: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wisconsin Package 1994 Version 8 program manual. Genetics computer group 575 Science Drive Madison, Wisconsin, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wrangstadh M., Conway P. L., Kjelleberg S. 1986; The production and release of an extracellular polysaccharide during starvation of a marine Pseudomonas sp. and the effect thereof on adhesion. Arch Microbiol 145:220–227
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1205
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1205
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error