1887

Abstract

Sequencing of gene fragments of reference strains of serovars 1, 3, 6, 14 and 8, in addition to 33 clinical isolates is reported. A phylogenetic tree deduced from alignment of these sequences clearly demonstrates two major clusters (confidence limit 100%), which equate to the parvo and T960 biovars, and five types, which have been designated 1, 3, 6, 8 and X. These relationships are supported by bootstrap analysis. Polymorphisms within the fragment of types 1, 3 and 6 were used to define nine subtypes ( 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 6a and 6b), thus facilitating high resolution typing of Inclusion of reference strains for serovars 1, 3, 6 and 8 in the typing scheme showed that the results of this analysis are broadly consistent with currently accepted serotyping. In addition, a gene fragment from nine of the clinical isolates was amplified and sequenced. Comparisons of the sequences clearly distinguished the two biovars of ; however, this fragment was invariant within the parvo biovar. This study has shown that the sequence can reveal the fine details of the relationships between isolates and also supports the significant evolutionary gap between the two biovars.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1323
1998-10-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/48/4/ijs-48-4-1323.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1323&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abele-Horn M., Wolff C., Dressel P., Pfaff F., Zimmermann A. 1997; Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovars with clinical outcome for neonates, obstetric patients, and gynecological patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Microbiol 35:1199–1202
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Blanchard A. 1990; Ureaplasma urealyticum urease genes; use of a UGA tryptophan codon. Mol Microbiol 4:669–676
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Blanchard A., Gautier M., Mayau V. 1991; Detection and identification of mycoplasmas by amplification of rDNA. FEMS Microbiol Lett 81:37–42
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cassell G. H., Waites K. B., Watson H. L., Crouse D. T., Harasawa R. 1993; Ureaplasma urealyticum intrauterine in- fection: role in prematurity and disease in newborns. Clin Microbiol Rev 6:69–87
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Christiansen C., Black F. T., Freundt E. A. 1981; Hybridization experiments with deoxyribonucleic acid from Urea-plasma urealyticum serovars I to VIII. Int J Syst Bacteriol 31:259–262
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Davis J. W. Jr, Villaneuva I. 1990; Enzyme differences in serovar clusters of Ureaplasma urealyticum U diversum and ovine ureaplasmas. Zentbl Bakteriol Suppl 20:661–665
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Felsenstein J. 1993 Phylip (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.5c Department of Genetics, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Grattard F., Pozzetto B., De Barbeyrac B., Renaudin H., Clerc M., Gaudin O. G., Bebear C. 1995a; Arbitrarily-primed PCR confirms the differentiation of strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum into two biovars. Mol Cell Probes 9:383–389
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Grattard F., Soleihac B., De Barbeyrac B., Bebear C., Seffert P., Pozzetto B. 1995b; Epidemiologie and molecular investigations of genital mycoplasmas from women and neonates at delivery. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14:853–858
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Harasawa R., Cassell G. H. 1996; Phylogenetic analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA in mammalian ureaplasmas. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:827–829
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Harasawa R., Dybvig K., Watson H. L., Cassell G. H. 1991; Two genomic clusters among the 14 serovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Syst Appl Microbiol 14:393–396
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Knox C. L., Cave D. G., Farrell D. J., Eastment H. T., Timms P. 1997; The role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in adverse pregnancy outcome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 37:45–51
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kong F., Zhu X., Zhou J. 1996; Grouping and typing of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Chung-Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 76:138–140
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lin J.-S. L., Kendrick M. I., Kass E. H. 1972; Serologie typing of human genital T-Mycoplasmas by a complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal test. J Infect Dis 126:658–663
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Maniloff J. 1992; Phylogeny of mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis549–559 Maniloff J., McElhaney R. N., Finch L. R., Baseman J. B. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mouches C., Taylor-Robinson D., Stipkovits L., Bove J. M. 1981; Comparison of human and animal ureaplasmas by one-and two-dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide slab gel. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 132B:171–196
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Naessens A., Lauwers S. 1987; Modified indirect immuno-fluorescence test for serotyping large numbers of Ureaplasma urealyticum clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 25:191–192
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Neyrolles O., Ferris S., Behbahani N., Montagnier L., Blanchard A. 1996; Organization of Ureaplasma urealyticum urease gene cluster and expression in a suppressor strain of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 178:647–655
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Quinn P. A., Arshoff L. U., Li H. C. S. 1981; Serotyping of Ureaplasma urealyticum by immunoperoxidase assay. J Clin Microbiol 13:670–676
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Razin S., Freundt E. A. 1984; The Mycoplasmas. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1740–773 Kreig N. R., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Razin S., Harasawa R., Barile M. F. 1983; Cleavage patterns of Mycoplasma chromosome, obtained by using restriction endonucleases, as indicators of genetic relatedness among strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:201–206
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Robertson J. A., Chen M. H. 1984; Effects of manganese in the growth and morphology of Ureaplasma urealyticum. J Clin Microbiol 19:857–864
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Robertson J. A., Stemke G. W. 1979; Modified metabolic inhibition test for serotyping strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain Mycoplasma). J Clin Microbiol 9:673–676
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Robertson J. A., Stemke G. W. 1982; Expanded serotyping scheme for Ureaplasma urealyticum strains isolated from humans. J Clin Microbiol 15:873–878
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Roberston J. A., Pyle L., Stemke G. W., Finch L. R. 1990; Ureaplasma urealyticum shows diverse genome size by pulse-field electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res 18:1451–1455
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Robertson J. A., Vekris A., Bebear C., Stemke G. W. 1993; Polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA gene sequences distinguishes the two biovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum. J Clin Microbiol 31:824–830
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Robertson J. A., Howard L. A., Zinner C. L., Stemke G. W. 1994; Comparison of the 16S rRNA genes within the T960 and parvo biovars of ureaplasmas isolated from humans. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:836–838
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Shepard M. C., Lunceford C. D. 1976; Differential agar medium (A7) for identification of Ureaplasma urealyticum (human T mycoplasmas) in primary cultures of clinical material. J Clin Microbiol 3:613–625
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Shepard M. C., Lunceford C. D. 1978; Serological typing of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolates from urethritis patients by an agar growth inhibition method. J Clin Microbiol 8:566–574
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Stemke G. W., Robertson J. A. 1996; Ureaplasma gallorale an isolate from chickens, is most closely related to the human isolate, U urealyticum. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:1183–1184
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Swenson C. E., VanHamont J., Dunbar B. S. 1983; Specific protein differences among strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and a sensitive silver stain. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:417–421
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Teng L.-J., Zheng X., Glass J. I., Watson H. L., Tsai J., Cassell G. H. 1994; Ureaplasma urealyticum biovar specificity and diversity are encoded in multiple-banded antigen gene. J Clin Microbiol 32:1464–1469
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. J., Gibson T. J. 1994; clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Van Kuppeveld F. J. M., van der Logt J. T. M., Angulo A. F., van Zoest M. J., Quint W. G. V., Niesters H. G. M., Galama J. M. D., Melchers W. J. G. 1992; Genus- and species-specific identification of mycoplasmas by 16S rRNA amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2606–2615
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Watson H. L., Blalock D. K., Cassell G. H. 1990; Variable antigens of Ureaplasma urealyticum containing both serovar-specific and serovar-cross-reactive epitopes. Infect Immun 58:3679–3688
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Weisburg W. G., Tully J. G., Rose D. L. 9 other authors 1989; A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycoplasmas: basis for their classification. J Bacteriol 171:6455–6467
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Willoughby J. J., Russell W. C., Thirkell D., Burdon M. G. 1991; Isolation and detection of urease genes in Ureaplasma urealyticum. Infect Immun 59:2463–2469
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Zheng X., Teng L.-J., Watson H. L., Glass J. I., Blanchard A., Cassell G. H. 1995; Small repeating units within the Urea-plasma urealyticum MB antigen gene encode serovar specificity and are associated with antigen size variation. Infect Immun 63:891–898
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Zheng X., Lau K., Frazier M., Cassell G. H., Watson H. L. 1996; Epitope mapping of the variable repetitive region within the MB antigen of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3:774–778
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1323
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-48-4-1323
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error