1887

Abstract

A novel Gram-negative coccus/coccobacillus, strain Ben 114, growing in tetrads, clusters or aggregates, was isolated from activated sludge by micromanipulation. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it belonged to the ‘’, with no close relatives among cultured bacterial isolates. On the basis of phylogenetic data, this organism is considered to belong to a new genus, , represented by the species sp. nov., a name chosen because of the distinctive staining properties of this organism; only the cell wall stained strongly with a wide range of stains, giving the cell a hollow and empty appearance. No intracellular polyphosphate granules could be detected after staining, but poly--hydroxyalkanoate inclusions were detected using Nile blue A staining. Because of its taxonomic distance from its closest relatives among the ‘’, namely members of the genera , , , , and , is considered to represent a new phylogenetic lineage within subgroup 1 of the ‘’, the subgroup. The type strain is Ben 114 (=NCIMB 13612=CIP 107350).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02332-0
2005-09-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/55/5/ijs552105.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02332-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Burgess J. G., Kawaguchi R., Sakaguchi T., Thornhill R. H., Matsunaga T. 1993; Evolutionary relationships among Magnetospirillum strains inferred from phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. J Bacteriol 175:6689–6694
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cech J. S., Hartman P. 1993; Competition between polyphosphate and polysaccharide accumulating bacteria in enhanced biological phosphate removal systems. Water Res 27:1219–1225 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Crocetti G. R., Hugenholtz P., Bond P. L., Schuler A., Keller J., Jenkins D., Blackall L. L. 2000; Identification of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms and design of 16S rRNA directed probes for their detection and quantitation. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1175–1182 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Crocetti G. R., Banfield J. F., Keller J., Bond P. L., Blackall L. L. 2002; Glycogen-accumulating organisms in laboratory-scale and full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Microbiology 148:3353–3364
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Drews G. 1981; Rhodospirillum salexigens , spec. nov., an obligately halophilic phototrophic bacterium. Arch Microbiol 130:325–327 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Eden P. A., Schmidt T. M., Blakemore R. P., Pace N. R. 1991; Phylogenetic analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:324–325 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Falk E. C., Döbereiner J., Johnson J. L., Krieg N. R. 1985; Deoxyribonucleic acid homology of Azospirillum amazonense Magalhães et al. 1984 and emendation of the description of the genus Azospirillum . Int J Syst Bacteriol 35:117–118 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Favinger J., Stadtwald R., Gest H. 1989; Rhodospirillum centenum , sp nov., a thermotolerant cyst-forming anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 55:291–296 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Felsenstein J. 1993 phylip (phylogenetic inference package), version 3.51c. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington; Seattle, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hesselmann R. P. X., Werlen C., Hahn D., van der Meer J. R., Zehnder A. J. B. 1999; Enrichment, phylogenetic analysis and detection of a bacterium that performs enhanced biological phosphate removal in activated sludge. Syst Appl Microbiol 22:454–465 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Imhoff J. F., Petri R., Süling J. 1998; Reclassification of species of the spiral-shaped phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria of the α - Proteobacteria : description of the new genera Phaeospirillum gen.nov., Rhodovibrio gen. nov., Rhodothalassium gen. nov. and Roseospira gen. nov.as well as transfer of Rhodospirillum fulvum to Phaeospirillum fulvum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum molischianum to Phaeospirillum molischianum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum salinarum to Rhodovibrio salinarum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum sodomense to Rhodovibrio sodomensis comb.nov., of Rhodospirillum salexigens comb. nov. to Rhodothalassium salexigens comb. nov. and of Rhodospirillum mediosalinum to Roseospira mediosalina comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 793–798 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Janssen P. H., Liesack W., Kluge C., Seeliger S., Schink B., Harfoot C. G. 1996; Sodium-dependent succinate decarboxylation by a new anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Peptostreptococcus . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70:11–20 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Jukes T. H., Cantor C. R. 1969; Evolution of protein molecules. In Mammalian Protein Metabolism pp  21–132 Edited by Munro H. N. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kawasaki H., Hoshino Y., Kuraishi H., Yamasato K. 1992; Rhodocista centenaria gen. nov. sp. nov. a cyst-forming anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium and its phylogenetic position in the Proteobacteria alpha group. J Gen Appl Microbiol 38541–551 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kompantseva E. I., Gorlenko V. M. 1984; A new species of moderately halophilic purple bacterium Rhodospirillum mediosalinum sp. nov. Mikrobiologiia 53:954–961 (in Russian
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kong Y., Ong S. L., Ng W. J., Liu W. T. 2002; Diversity and distribution of a deeply branched novel proteobacterial group found in anaerobic–aerobic activated sludge processes. Environ Microbiol 4:753–757 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Krieg N. R., Döbereiner J. 1984; Genus Azospirillum Tarrand, Krieg and Döbereiner 1979, 79AL . In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology vol 1 pp  94–104 Edited by Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Loy A., Daims H., Wagner M. 2002; Activated sludge – molecular techniques for determining community composition. In Encyclopaedia for Environmental Microbiology pp  26–43 Edited by Bitton G. New York: Wiley Scientific;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Maidak B. L., Cole J. R., Parker C. T. Jr 11 other authors 1999; A new version of the RDP (Ribosomal Database Project). Nucleic Acids Res 27:171–173 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Maratea D., Blakemore R. P. 1981; Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum sp. nov., a magnetic spirillum. Int J Syst Bacteriol 31:452–455 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Maszenan A. M., Seviour R. J., Patel B. K. C., Rees G. N., McDougall B. M. 1997; Amaricoccus gen. nov., a gram-negative coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads, isolated from activated sludge biomass, and descriptions of Amaricoccus veronensis sp. nov., Amaricoccus tamworthensis sp. nov., Amaricoccus macauensis sp. nov., and Amaricoccus kaplicensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:727–734 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Maszenan A. M., Seviour R. J., Patel B. K. C., Schumann P., Rees G. N. 1999a; Tessaracoccus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov. a Gram-positive coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads, isolated from activated sludge biomass. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:459–468 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Maszenan A. M., Seviour R. J., Patel B. K. C., Schumann P., Burghardt J., Webb R. I., Soddell J. A., Rees G. N. 1999b; Friedmanniella spumicola sp. nov. and Friedmanniella capsulata sp. nov. from activated sludge foam: Gram-positive cocci that grow in aggregates of repeating groups of cocci. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:1667–1680 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Maszenan A. M., Seviour R. J., Patel B. K. C., Schumann P., Burghardt J., Tokiwa Y., Stratton H. M. 2000; Three isolates of novel polyphosphate-accumulating Gram-positive cocci, obtained from activated sludge, belong to a new genus, Tetrasphaera gen. nov., and description of two new species, Tetrasphaera japonica sp.nov. and Tetrasphaera australiensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:593–603 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Maszenan A. M., Seviour R. J., Patel B. K. C., Schumann P. 2002; Quadricoccus australiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. a β -proteobacterium from activated sludge biomass. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:223–228
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Molisch H. 1907; Die Purpurbakterien nach neuen Untersuchungen . Jena: G; Fischer (in German
  27. Nakamura K., Hiraishi A., Yoshimi Y., Kawaharasaki M., Masuda K., Kamagata Y. 1995; Microlunatus phosphovorus gen. nov., sp. nov. a new gram-positive polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:17–22 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nielsen A. T., Liu W.-T., Filipe C., Grady L. Jr, Molin S., Stahl D. A. 1999; Identification of a novel group of bacteria in sludge from a deteriorated biological phosphorus removal reactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:1251–1258
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Patel B. K. C., Andrews K. T., Ollivier B., Mah R. A., Garcia J. L. 1995; Reevaluating the classification of Halobacteriodes and Haloanaerobacter species based on sequence comparisons of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 134:115–119 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pfennig N., Lünsdorf H., Süling J., Imhoff J. F. 1997; Rhodospira trueperi gen. nov., spec. nov., a new phototrophic proteobacterium of the alpha group. Arch Microbiol 16839–45 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rees G. N., Vasiliadis G., May J. W., Bayly R. C. 1992; Differentiation of polyphosphate and poly- β -hydroxybutyrate granules in an Acinetobacter sp. isolated from activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Lett 94:171–174
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Reinhold B., Hurek T., Fendrik I., Pot B., Gillis M., Kersters K., Thielemans S., De Ley J. 1987; Azospirillum halopraeferens sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing organism associated with roots of Kallar grass ( Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth). Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:43–51 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Schleifer K.-H., Schüler D., Spring S., Weizenegger M., Amann R., Ludwig W., Köhler M. 1991; The genus Magnetospirillum gen. nov.: description of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense sp. nov. and transfer of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum comb. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 14:379–385 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Seviour R. J., Blackall L. L. 1999 Microbiology of Activated Sludge Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic;
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Seviour R. J., Maszenan A. M., Soddell J. A., Tandoi V., Patel B. K. C., Kong Y., Schumann P. 2000; Microbiology of the ‘G-bacteria’ in activated sludge. Environ Microbiol 2:581–593 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Seviour R. J., Mino T., Onuki M. 2003; The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:99–127 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Shintani T., Liu W.-T., Hanada S., Kamagata Y., Miyaoka S., Suzuki Y., Nakamura K. 2000; Micropruina glycogenica gen. nov., sp. nov. a new Gram-positive glycogen-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:201–207 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tarrand J. J., Krieg N. R., Döbereiner J. 1978; A taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen. nov. and two species, Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. nov. Can J Microbiol 24:967–980 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. van de Peer Y., de Wachter R. 1993; treecon: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees. Comput Appl Biosci 9:177–182
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Wagner M., Loy A. 2002; Bacterial community composition and function in sewage treatment systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13:218–227 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Williams T. M., Unz R. F. 1985; Isolation and characterization of filamentous bacteria present in bulking activated sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 22:273–282
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Woese C. R., Stackebrandt E., Weisburg W. G. 8 other authors 1984; The phylogeny of purple bacteria: the alpha subdivision. Syst Appl Microbiol 5:315–326 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Yoshimi Y., Hiraishi A., Nakamura K. 1996; Isolation and characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov. a polysaccharide-accumulating gram-positive bacterium from activated sludge. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:519–525 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Zilles J. L., Peccia J., Kim M.-W., Hung C.-H., Noguera D. R. 2002; Involvement of Rhodocyclus -related organisms in phosphorus removal in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2763–2769 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02332-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02332-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error