1887

Abstract

A novel chemolithoautotrophic, hyperthermophilic methanogen was isolated from a submarine hydrothermal system at the Kolbeinsey Ridge, north of Iceland. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain belongs to the order within the genus , with approximately 95 % sequence similarity to as its closest relative. Cells of the novel organism stained Gram-negative and appeared as regular to irregular cocci possessing more than 50 polar flagella. These cell appendages mediated not only motility but also adherence to abiotic surfaces and the formation of cell–cell contacts. The new isolate grew at 55–90 °C, with optimum growth at 80 °C. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 2.5 % (w/v), and the optimal pH was 6.5. The cells gained their energy exclusively by reduction of CO with H. Selenate, tungstate and yeast extract stimulated growth significantly. The genome size was determined to be in the range 1.8–2.0 kb, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 30 mol%. Despite being physiologically nearly identical to the other members of the genus , analysis of whole-cell proteins revealed significant differences. Based on the results from phylogenetic, morphological and protein analyses, we conclude that the novel strain represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed (type strain KIN24-T80  = DSM 22612  = JCM 16315).

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Award HU 703/2-1 and WI 731/10-1)
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.023663-0
2011-06-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/61/6/1239.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.023663-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Balch W. E., Wolfe R. S. 1976; New approach to the cultivation of methanogenic bacteria: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM)-dependent growth of Methanobacterium ruminantium in a pressurized atmosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 32:781–791[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Balch W. E., Fox G. E., Magrum L. J., Woese C. R., Wolfe R. S. 1979; Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43:260–296[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Boone D. R., Whitman W. B. 1988; Proposal of minimal standards for describing new taxa of methanogenic bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:212–219 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bult C. J., White O., Olsen G. J., Zhou L., Fleischmann R. D., Sutton G. G., Blake J. A., FitzGerald L. M., Clayton R. A. et al. 1996; Complete genome sequence of the methanogenic archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii . Science 273:1058–1073 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burggraf S., Fricke H., Neuner A., Kristjansson J., Rouvier P., Mandelco L., Woese C. R., Stetter K. O. 1990; Methanococcus igneus sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic methanogen from a shallow submarine hydrothermal system. Syst Appl Microbiol 13:263–269[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Burghardt T., Näther D. J., Junglas B., Huber H., Rachel R. 2007; The dominating outer membrane protein of the hyperthermophilic archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis: a novel pore-forming complex. Mol Microbiol 63:166–176 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Eder W., Ludwig W., Huber R. 1999; Novel 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from highly saline brine sediments of Kebrit Deep, Red Sea. Arch Microbiol 172:213–218 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fricke H., Giere O., Stetter K., Alfredsson G. A., Kristjansson J. K., Stoffers P., Svavarsson J. 1989; Hydrothermal vent communities at the shallow subpolar Mid-Atlantic ridge. Mar Biol 102:425–429 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Huber H., Stetter K. O. 2006; Desulfurococcales . In The Prokaryotes, 3rd edn. vol. 3 pp. 52–68 Edited by Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.-H., Stackebrandt E. New York: Springer; [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Huber H., Thomm M., König H., Thies G., Stetter K. O. 1982; Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, a novel thermophilic lithotrophic methanogen. Arch Microbiol 132:47–50 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Huber R., Burggraf S., Mayer T., Barns S. M., Rossnagel P., Stetter K. O. 1995; Isolation of a hyperthermophilic archaeum predicted by in situ RNA analysis. Nature 376:57–58 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Jahn U. 2003 Physiologische, molekularbiologische und biochemische Untersuchungen am Organismensystem Nanoarchaeum equitans und Ignicoccus sp. KIN4/I Diploma thesis, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Jeanthon C., L’Haridon S., Reysenbach A. L., Vernet M., Messner P., Sleytr U. B., Prieur D. 1998; Methanococcus infernus sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic lithotrophic methanogen isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:913–919 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jeanthon C., L’Haridon S., Reysenbach A. L., Corre E., Vernet M., Messner P., Sleytr U. B., Prieur D. 1999; Methanococcus vulcanius sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic methanogen isolated from East Pacific Rise, and identification of Methanococcus sp. DSM 4213T as Methanococcus fervens sp. nov.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:583–589 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jones W. J., Leigh J. A., Mayer F., Woese C. R., Wolfe R. S. 1983; Methanococcus jannaschii sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic methanogen from a submarine hydrothermal vent. Arch Microbiol 136:254–261 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Keswani J., Orkand S., Premachandran U., Mandelco L., Franklin M. J., Whitman W. B. 1996; Phylogeny and taxonomy of mesophilic Methanococcus spp. and comparison of rRNA, DNA hybridization, and phenotypic methods. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:727–735 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. L’Haridon S., Reysenbach A. L., Banta A., Messner P., Schumann P., Stackebrandt E., Jeanthon C. 2003; Methanocaldococcus indicus sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic methanogen isolated from the Central Indian Ridge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1931–1935 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lane D. J. 1991; 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics pp. 115–175 Edited by Stackebrandt E., Goodfellow M. Chichester: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ludwig W., Strunk O., Westram R., Richter L., Meier H., Yadhukumar, Buchner A., Lai T., Steppi S. et al. 2004; arb: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 32:1363–1371 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Murray B. E., Singh K. V., Heath J. D., Sharma B. R., Weinstock G. M. 1990; Comparison of genomic DNAs of different enterococcal isolates using restriction endonucleases with infrequent recognition sites. J Clin Microbiol 28:2059–2063[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Muscholl A., Galli D., Wanner G., Wirth R. 1993; Sex pheromone plasmid pAD1-encoded aggregation substance of Enterococcus faecalis is positively regulated in trans by traE1 . Eur J Biochem 214:333–338 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Näther D. J., Rachel R., Wanner G., Wirth R. 2006; Flagella of Pyrococcus furiosus: multifunctional organelles, made for swimming, adhesion to various surfaces, and cell-cell contacts. J Bacteriol 188:6915–6923 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rachel R. 2009; Cell envelopes of Crenarchaeota and Nanoarchaeota. In Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds. Structure and Biochemistry pp. 271–291 Edited by König H., Claus H., Varma A. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rachel R., Wyschkony I., Riehl S., Huber H. 2002; The ultrastructure of Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel outer membrane and for intracellular vesicle budding in an archaeon. Archaea 1:9–18 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rieger, G. (1998). Elektronenmikroskopische und biochemische Untersuchungen zum Aufbau des Netzwerks bei Pyrodictium. Dissertation, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (in German).
  27. Schägger H., von Jagow G. 1987; Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa. Anal Biochem 166:368–379 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Schopf S., Wanner G., Rachel R., Wirth R. 2008; An archaeal bi-species biofilm formed by Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanopyrus kandleri . Arch Microbiol 190:371–377 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Whitman W. B., Jeanthon C. 2006; Methanococcales . In The Prokaryotes, 3rd edn. vol. 3 pp. 257–273 Edited by Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.-H., Stackebrandt E. New York: Springer; [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Whitman W. B., Boone D. R., Koga Y. 2001; Order Methanococcales Balch and Wolfe 1981, 216VP . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn. vol. 1 p. 236 Edited by Boone D. R., Castenholz R. W., Garrity G. M. New York: Springer;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Zhao H., Wood A. G., Widdel F., Bryant M. P. 1988; An extremely thermophilic Methanococcus from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent and its plasmid. Arch Microbiol 150:178–183 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.023663-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.023663-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error