1887

Abstract

A comparison of complex isolates from seals (pinnipeds) in Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, Great Britain and New Zealand was undertaken to determine their relationships to each other and their taxonomic position within the complex. Isolates from 30 cases of tuberculosis in six species of pinniped and seven related isolates were compared to representative and standard strains of the complex. The seal isolates could be distinguished from other members of the complex, including the recently defined ‘’ and ‘’, on the basis of host preference and phenotypic and genetic tests. Pinnipeds appear to be the natural host for this ‘seal bacillus’, although the organism is also pathogenic in guinea pigs, rabbits, humans, Brazilian tapir () and, possibly, cattle. Infection caused by the seal bacillus is predominantly associated with granulomatous lesions in the peripheral lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen and peritoneum. Cases of disseminated disease have been found. As with other members of the complex, aerosols are the most likely route of transmission. The name sp. nov. is proposed for this novel member of the complex (the type strain is 6482=ATCC BAA-688=NCTC 13288).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0
2003-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/53/5/ijs531305.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ahmed N., Bal A., Khan A. A.9 other authors 2002; Whole genome fingerprinting and genotyping of multiple drug resistant (MDR) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from endophthalmitis patients in India. Infect Genet Evol 1:237–242 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahmed N., Alam M., Abdul Maajeed A., Asad Rahman S., Cataldi A., Cousins D., Hasnain S. E. 2003; Genome sequence based, comparative analysis of the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (FAFLP) of tubercle bacilli from seals provides molecular evidence for a new species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Infect Genet Evol 2:193–199 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Alito A., Romano M. I., Bigi F., Zumarraga M., Cataldi A. 1999; Antigenic characterization of mycobacteria from South American wild seals. Vet Microbiol 68:293–299 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Anh D. D., Borgdorff M. W., Van L. N., Lan N. T., van Gorkom T., Kremer K., van Soolingen D. 2000; Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype emerging in Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 6:302–305 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Aranaz A., Liébana E., Mateos A.8 other authors 1996; Spacer oligonucleotide typing of Mycobacterium bovis strains from cattle and other animals: a tool for studying epidemiology of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 34:2734–2740
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Aranaz A., Liébana E., Gómez-Mampaso E.8 other authors 1999; Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae subsp. nov.: a taxonomic study of a new member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from goats in Spain. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:1263–1273 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Aranaz A., Cousins D., Mateos A., Domínguez L. 2003; Elevation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999 to species rank as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov. sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol in press
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bastida R., Loureiro J., Quse V., Bernardelli A., Rodriguez D., Costa E. 1999; Tuberculosis in a wild subantarctic fur seal from Argentina. J Wildl Dis 35:796–798 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Behr M. A., Small P. M. 1999; A historical and molecular phylogeny of BCG strains. Vaccine 17:915–922 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bernardelli A., Loureiro J., Costa E., Cataldi A., Bastida R., Michelis H. 1994; Tuberculosis in fur seals and sea lions of the south western Atlantic coast. In IUATLD Newsletter May 1994. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bernardelli A., Bastida R., Loureiro J., Michelis H., Romano M. I., Cataldi A., Costa E. 1996; Tuberculosis in sea lions and fur seals from the south-western Atlantic coast. Rev Sci Tech 15:985–1005
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bernardelli A., Trovero A., Loureiro J., Quse V., Morcillo N. 1999; Sensibilidad in vitro a tuberculostáticos de cepas del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis aisladas en mamíferos marinos. In Abstracts of the XX Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia p. 427, abstract SM-057, October 1999 Salvador, Brazil: in Portuguese
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Böddinghaus B., Rogall T., Flohr T., Blöcker H., Böttger E. C. 1990; Detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of rRNA. J Clin Microbiol 28:1751–1759
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Brosch R., Gordon S. V., Marmiesse M.12 other authors 2002; A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:3684–3689 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Butler W. R., Jost K. C. Jr, Kilburn J. O. 1991; Identification of mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Clin Microbiol 29:2468–2472
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Butler W. R., Floyd M. M., Silcox V.9 other editors 1996; Standardized Method for HPLC. Identification of Mycobacteria pp 3–22 Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Butler W. R., Floyd M. M., Silcox V.9 other editors 1999; Mycolic Acid Pattern Standards for HPLC. Identification of Mycobacteria pp 3–10 Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Castets M., Rist N., Boisvert H. 1969; La variété africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain. Med Afr Noire 16:321–322 in French
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Castro Ramos M., Ayala M., Errico F., Silvera F. V. 1998; Aislamiento de Mycobacterium bovis en Pinnipedos Otaria byronia ( Lobo marino comun ) en Uruguay. Rev Med Vet 79:197–200 in Portuguese
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Collins D. M., Stephens D. M. 1991; Identification of an insertion sequence, IS 1081 , in Mycobacterium bovis . FEMS Microbiol Lett 83:11–15 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Collins C. H., Yates M. D., Grange J. M. 1982; Subdivision of M. tuberculosis in five variants for epidemiological purposes: methods and nomenclature. J Hyg Camb 89:235–242 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Corner L. A., John M., Bundesen P. G., Wood P. R. 1988; Identification of Mycobacterium bovis isolates using a monoclonal antibody. Vet Microbiol 18:191–196 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Cousins D. V. 1995; Tuberculosis in seals in Australia. In Proceedings of the Australian Veterinary Association Conference pp 51–57 Melbourne, Australia: Australian Association of Veterinary Conservation Biologists (AAVCB;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Cousins D. V. 1996; Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis and M. bovis-like organisms causing tuberculosis . pp 1–317 PhD thesis University of Western Australia;
  25. Cousins D. V., Wilton S. D., Francis B. R. 1991; Use of DNA amplification for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium bovis . Vet Microbiol 27:187–195 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Cousins D. V., Williams S. N., Reuter R., Forshaw D., Chadwick B., Coughran D., Collins P., Gales N. 1993; Tuberculosis in wild seals and characterisation of the seal bacillus. Aust Vet J 70:92–97 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Cousins D., Williams S., Liébana E., Aranaz A., Bunschoten A. E., Van Embden J., Ellis T. 1998a; Evaluation of four DNA typing techniques in epidemiological investigations of bovine tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 36:168–178
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Cousins D. V., Skuce R. A., Kazwala R. R., van Embden J. D. A. 1998b; Towards a standardized approach to DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium bovis . International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tuberculosis in Animals Subsection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2:471–478
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Del Portillo P., Murillo L. A., Patarroyo M. E. 1991; Amplification of a species-specific DNA fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its possible use in diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 29:2163–2168
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Edwards U., Rogall T., Blöcker H., Emde M., Böttger E. C. 1989; Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes. Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 17:7843–7853 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Espinosa de los Monteros L. E., Galan J. C., Gutierrez M.8 other authors 1998; Allele-specific PCR method based on pncA and oxyR sequences for distinguishing Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis : intraspecies M. bovis pncA sequence polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 36:239–242
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Floyd M. M., Guthertz L. S., Silcox V. A., Duffey P. S., Jang Y., Desmond E. P., Crawford J. T., Butler W. R. 1996; Characterization of an SAV organism and proposal of Mycobacterium triplex sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 34:2963–2967
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Forshaw D., Phelps G. R. 1991; Tuberculosis in a captive colony of pinnipeds. J Wildl Dis 27:288–295 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Gormley E., Sandall L., Hong C., Lawton D., Murray A. 1997; Identification and differentiation of mycobacteria using the PAN promoter sequence from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as a DNA probe. FEMS Microbiol Lett 147:63–68 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Goulding J. N., Stanley J., Saunders N., Arnold C. 2000; Genome-sequence-based fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . J Clin Microbiol 38:1121–1126
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Grange J. M., Yates M. D. 1994 Guidelines for Speciation within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. WHO/Zoon/94.174 Geneva: World Health Organization Veterinary Public Health Unit;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Groenen P. M. A., Bunschoten A. E., van Soolingen D., van Embden J. D. A. 1993; Nature of DNA polymorphism in the direct repeat cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; application for strain differentiation by a novel typing method. Mol Microbiol 10:1057–1065 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Hunter J. E., Duignan P. J., Dupont C., Fray L., Fenwick S. G., Murray A. 1998; First report of potentially zoonotic tuberculosis in fur seals in New Zealand. N Z Med J 111:130–131
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Huys G., Rigouts L., Chemlal K., Portaels F., Swings J. 2000; Evaluation of amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for inter- and intraspecific differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis , M. tuberculosis , and M. ulcerans . J Clin Microbiol 38:3675–3680
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Kamerbeek J., Schouls L., Kolk A.8 other authors 1997; Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 35:907–914
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Karlson A. G., Lessel E. F. 1970; Mycobacterium bovis nom. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 20:273–282 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Kirschner P., Springer B., Vogel U., Meier A., Wrede A., Kiekenbeck M., Bange F.-C., Böttger E. C. 1993; Genotypic identification of mycobacteria by nucleic acid sequence determination: report of a 2-year experience in a clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 31:2882–2889
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Liébana E., Aranaz A., Francis B., Cousins D. 1996; Assessment of genetic markers for species differentiation within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Clin Microbiol 34:933–938
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Morcillo N., Bernardelli A., Chirico M. C., Dolmann A. L. 2000; Colorimetric assay in comparison with MGIT system and the agar proportion method for determining MICs antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In Abstracts of the World Congress on Lung Health and 10th ERS Annual CongressSeptember 2000 Florence, Italy
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Mostowy S., Cousins D., Brinkman J., Aranaz A., Behr M. A. 2002; Genomic deletions suggest a phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Infect Dis 186:74–80 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Niemann S., Richter E., Rüsch-Gerdes S. 2002; Biochemical and genetic evidence for the transfer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al . 1999 to the species Mycobacterium bovis Karlson and Lessel 1970. (Approved Lists 1980) as Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52433–436
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Pfyffer G. E., Auckenthaler R., van Embden J. D., van Soolingen D. 1998; Mycobacterium canettii , the smooth variant of M. tuberculosis , isolated from a Swiss patient exposed in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 4:631–634 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Qian L., Van Embden J. D. A., van der Zanden A. G. M., Weltevreden E. F., Duanmu H., Douglas J. T. 1999; Retrospective analysis of the Beijing family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in preserved lung tissues. J Clin Microbiol 37:471–474
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Rogall T., Flohr T., Böttger E. C. 1990a; Differentiation of Mycobacterium species by direct sequencing of amplified DNA. J Gen Microbiol 136:1915–1920 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Rogall T., Wolters J., Flohr T., Böttger E. C. 1990b; Towards a phylogeny and definition of species at the molecular level within the genus Mycobacterium . Int J Syst Bacteriol 40:323–330 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Romano M. I., Alito A., Bigi F., Fisanotti J. C., Cataldi A. 1995; Genetic characterization of mycobacteria from South American wild seals. Vet Microbiol 47:89–98 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Sreevatsan S., Escalante P., Pan X.11 other authors 1996; Identification of a polymorphic nucleotide in oxyR specific for Mycobacterium bovis . J Clin Microbiol 34:2007–2010
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Sreevatsan S., Pan X., Stockbauer K. E., Connel N. D., Kreiswirth B. N., Whittam T. S., Musser J. M. 1997; Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:9869–9874 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Thierry D., Brisson-Noël A., Vincent-Levy-Frébault V., Nguyen S., Guesdon J. L., Gicquel B. 1990; Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence, IS 6110 , and its application in diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 28:2668–2673
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Thierry D., Matsiota-Bernard P., Pitsouni E., Costopoulos C., Guesdon J. L. 1993; Use of the insertion element IS 6110 for DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates presenting various profiles of drug susceptibility. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 6:287–297 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Thompson P. J., Cousins D. V., Gow B. L., Collins D. M., Williamson B. W., Dagnia H. T. 1993; Seals, seal trainers, and mycobacterial infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:164–167 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Tsukamura M., Mizuno S., Toyama H. 1985; Taxonomic studies on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis series. Microbiol Immunol 29:285–299 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  58. van Soolingen D., Qian L., de Haas P. E.7 other authors 1995; Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of east Asia. J Clin Microbiol 33:3234–3238
    [Google Scholar]
  59. van Soolingen D., Hoogenboezem T., de Haas P. E.9 other authors 1997; A novel pathogenic taxon of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Canetti: characterization of an exceptional isolate from Africa. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1236–1245 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  60. van Soolingen D., van der Zanden A. G. M., de Haas P. E. W.7 other authors 1998; Diagnosis of Mycobacterium microti infections among humans by using novel genetic markers. J Clin Microbiol 36:1840–1845
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Veerman G. M., Kelman R., Colley J., Pike J. G. 1990; Rapid confirmatory identification of Mycobacterium bovis using a dot blotting immunodetection technique. Vet Microbiol 22:335–340 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Vestal A. L. 1975 Procedures for the Isolation and Identification of Mycobacteria, PHS no. 1547 Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control;
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Wayne L. G. 1984; Mycobacterial speciation. In The Mycobacteria: a Sourcebook pp 42–43Edited by Kubica G. P., Wayne L. G. New York: Marcel Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Wells A. Q., Oxen D. M. 1937; Tuberculosis in wild voles. Lancet i 1221
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Wells A. Q., Robb-Smith A. H. T. 1946 The Murine Type of Tubercle Bacillus (the Vole Acid-fast Bacillus) with Notes on the Morphology of Infection by the Vole Acid-fast Bacillus. London, UK: Medical Research Council;
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Woods R., Cousins D. V., Kirkwood R., Obendorf D. L. 1995; Tuberculosis in a wild Australian fur seal ( Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ) from Tasmania. J Wildl Dis 31:83–86 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Zumárraga M. J., Bernardelli A., Bastida R.10 other authors 1999; Molecular characterization of mycobacteria isolated from seals. Microbiology 145:2519–2526
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error