1887

Abstract

The morphology and infraciliature of two novel marine ciliates, spec. nov. and spec. nov., isolated from coastal waters in northern and southern China, respectively, were investigated using living observation and silver impregnation methods. spec. nov. is characterized by its slender body shape, with a length-to-width ratio of about 5 : 1, about 52 somatic kineties and the structure of its buccal apparatus. spec. nov. can be recognized by the combination of huge body size, about 200 somatic kineties, five or six vestibular kineties and four-rowed peniculi 1–3. Phylogenetic trees based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences were constructed by means of Bayesian inference and maximum-parsimony. Results showed that and are sister to each other within the ‘core’ clade of that also includes and and that the genus may be polyphyletic, because one species, always groups with and .

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 40976075 and 30870264)
  • Centre of Excellence in Biodiversity, King Saud University
  • Royal Society Joint Projects scheme
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.024794-0
2011-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/61/6/1476.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.024794-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alekperov I. 2005 An Atlas of the Free Living Ciliates (Classes Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea, Oligohymenophora, Polyhymenophora) Baku: Borchali Publishing House (in Russian);
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Carey P. G. 1992 Marine Interstitial Ciliates. An Illustrated Key London: Chapman and Hall;
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Dragesco J. 1960; Ciliés Mésopsammiques Littoraux: Systématique, Morphologie, Écologie. Travaux de la Station Biologique de Roscoff (Nouvelle Serie), tome XII. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (in French)
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dragesco J., Dragesco-Kernéis A. 1986; Ciliés Libres de l’Afrique Intertropicale. Introduction à la Connaissance et à l’Étude des Ciliés. Collection Faune Tropicale no. 26. Paris: ORSTOM (in French)
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Fan X., Miao M., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. 2009; A new genus of marine scuticociliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from northern China, with a brief note on its phylogenetic position inferred from small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data. J Eukaryot Microbiol 56:577–582 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Foissner W., Berger H., Kohmann F. 1994 Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems. Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft vol. 1/94. Deggendorf: Bayerisches Landesamt für Wasserwirtschaft (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fokin S. I. 2008; Rediscovery and characterisation of Frontonia fusca (Quennerstedt, 1869) Kahl, 1931 (Ciliphora, Peniculia). Denisia 23:251–259
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fokin S. I., Andreoli I., Verni F., Petroni G. 2006; Apofrontonia dohrni sp. n. and the phylogenetic relationships within Peniculia (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). Zool Scr 35:289–300 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gao S., Chen Z., Shao C., Long H., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. 2008; Reconsideration of the phylogenetic position of Frontonia-related Peniculia (Ciliophora, Protozoa) inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Acta Protozool 47:47–54
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gil R., Pérez-Silva J. 1964a; The infraciliature of Frontonia depressa Stokes. Arch Protistenkd 107:363–372
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gil R., Pérez-Silva J. 1964b; [The infraciliature of Frontonia leucas Ehrenberg]. Microbiol Esp 17:239–254 (in Spanish) [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gong J., Stoeck T., Yi Z., Miao M., Zhang Q., Roberts D. M., Warren A., Song W. 2009; Small subunit rRNA phylogenies show that the class Nassophorea is not monophyletic (phylum Ciliophora). J Eukaryot Microbiol 56:339–347 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hall T. A. 1999; BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kahl A. 1931; Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). 2. Holotricha.. In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, vol. 21, pp. 181–398. Edited by F. Dahl. Jena: Gustav Fischer (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Li L., Song W., Warren A., Wang Y., Ma H., Hu X., Chen Z. 2006; Phylogenetic position of the marine ciliate, Cardiostomatella vermiforme (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960 inferred from the complete SSrRNA gene sequence, with establishment of a new order Loxocephalida n. ord. (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). Eur J Protistol 42:107–114 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Liu W., Xu D., Lin X., Li J., Gong J., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. 2009; Novistrombidium sinicum n. sp. and Novistrombidium orientale n. sp. (Protozoa: Ciliophora): two new oligotrich ciliates from a mangrove wetland, South China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 56:459–465 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Long H., Song W., Gong J., Hu X., Ma H., Zhu M., Wang M. 2005; Frontonia lynni n. sp., a new marine ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hymenostomatida) from Qingdao, China. Zootaxa 1003:57–64
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Long H., Song W., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Wang Y., Yi Z., Al-Quraishy S. A., Lin X., Al-Farraj S. A. 2008; Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida). Zootaxa 1687:35–50
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lynn D. H. 2008 The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature, 3rd edn. Dordrecht: Springer;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ma H., Choi J. K., Song W. 2003; An improved silver carbonate impregnation for marine ciliated protozoa. Acta Protozool 42:161–164
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Medlin L., Elwood H. J., Stickel S., Sogin M. L. 1988; The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene 71:491–499 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Miao M., Wang Y., Li L., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. 2009; Molecular phylogeny of the scuticociliate Philaster (Protozoa, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene sequence information, with description of a new species P. apodigitiformis sp. nov. Syst Biodivers 7:381–388 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Petz W., Song W., Wilbert N. 1995 Taxonomy and Ecology of the Ciliate Fauna (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the Endopagial and Pelagial of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica Protistologica, vol. 40 Linz: Oberösterreichische Landesmuseen;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Ronquist F., Huelsenbeck J. P. 2003; MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Roque M. 1961a; Frontonia microstoma, Kahl. J Protozool 8:334–341 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Roque M. 1961b; Recherches sur les infusoires ciliés: les hyménostomes péniculiens. Bull Biol Fr Belg 95:431–519 (in French)
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Swofford D. L. 2002; paup*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods), version 4.. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates;
  28. Tönniges C. 1914; Die Trichocysten von Frontonia leucas (Ehrbg.) und ihr chromidialer Ursprung. Ein Beitrag zur Chromidialtheorie. Arch Protistenkd 32:298–378 (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Wang Y., Miao M., Zhang Q., Gao S., Song W., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Warren A., Ma H. 2008; Three marine interstitial scuticociliates, Schizocalyptra similis sp. n., S. sinica sp. n. and Hippocomos salinus Small and Lynn, 1985 (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida), isolated from Chinese coastal waters. Acta Protozool 47:377–387
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Wang Y., Song W., Warren A., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Al-Quraishy S. A., Al-Farraj S. A., Hu X., Pan H. 2009; Descriptions of two new marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema sinica n. sp. and P. wilberti n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida), from the Yellow Sea, China. Eur J Protistol 45:29–37 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wilbert N. 1975; Eine verbesserte Technik der Protargolimprägnation für Ciliaten. Mikrokosmos 64:171–179 (in German)
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Wilbert N., Song W. 2008; A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species. J Nat Hist 42:979–1012 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Yi Z., Song W., Gong J., Warren A., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Al-Arifi S., Al-Khedhairy A. A. 2009; Phylogeny of six oligohymenophoreans (Protozoa, Ciliophora) inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Zool Scr 38:323–331 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Zhan Z., Xu K., Warren A., Gong Y. 2009; Reconsideration of phylogenetic relationships of the subclass Peritrichia (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences, with the establishment of a new subclass Mobilia Kahl, 1933. J Eukaryot Microbiol 56:552–558 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.024794-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.024794-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error