Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California Hoover, Richard B. and Pikuta, Elena V. and Bej, Asim K. and Marsic, Damien and Whitman, William B. and Tang, Jane and Krader, Paul,, 53, 815-821 (2003), doi = https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02535-0, publicationName = Microbiology Society, issn = 1466-5026, abstract= A novel, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, haloalkaliphilic spirochaete, strain ASpG1T, was isolated from sediments of the alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake in California, USA. Cells of the Gram-negative strain were motile and spirochaete-shaped with sizes of 0·2–0·22×8–18 μm. Growth of the strain was observed between 10 and 44 °C (optimum 37 °C), in 2–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3 % NaCl) and between pH 8 and 10·5 (optimum pH 9·5). The novel strain was strictly alkaliphilic, required high concentrations of carbonates in the medium and was capable of utilizing d-glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, starch and d-mannitol. End products of glucose fermentation were H2, acetate, ethanol and formate. Strain ASpG1T was resistant to kanamycin and rifampicin, but sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The G+C content of its DNA was 58·5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis of strain ASpG1T with its most closely related species, Spirochaeta alkalica Z-7491T, revealed a hybridization value of only 48·7 %. On the basis of its physiological and molecular properties, strain ASpG1T appears to represent a novel species of the genus Spirochaeta, for which the name Spirochaeta americana is proposed (type strain ASpG1T=ATCC BAA-392T=DSM 14872T)., language=, type=