1887

Abstract

Endospore-forming bacteria were recovered from individual packages from different processing lines in a dairy plant during a tenacious periodical contamination of their UHT-milk production. Two colony types were seen, one of which was identified as . Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the second colony type placed these isolates within the genus , with as the closest known relative. Moreover, over 99 % similarity was observed to the 16S rDNA sequence of MB 2035, a strain isolated previously from raw milk during a survey at dairy farms for very heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria. Nine other potentially closely related strains among the dairy farm isolates were found using rep-PCR typing. The taxonomic positions of these 19 isolates were further investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridizations of representative strains. All 19 isolates shared a high degree of phenotypic similarity and were easily distinguished from closely related members of the genus. Anteiso-C, C and iso-C were among the major fatty acids and the genomic DNA G+C content was 51·6–51·7 mol%. Therefore, based on their phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic distinctiveness, these 19 strains, isolated from both raw and heat-treated milk, are placed in the genus as sp. nov. The type strain is MB 1871 (=LMG 21940=DSM 15596).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02822-0
2004-05-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/54/3/ijs540885.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02822-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alexander B., Priest F. G. 1989; Bacillus glucanolyticus , a new species that degrades a variety of β -glucans. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:112–115 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andersson A., Ronner U., Granum P. E. 1995; What problems does the food industry have with the spore-forming pathogens Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens ?. Int J Food Microbiol 28:145–155 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ash C., Farrow J. A. E., Wallbanks S., Collins M. D. 1991; Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequence. Lett Appl Microbiol 13:202–206
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ash C., Priest F. G., Collins M. D. 1993; Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR probe test. Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64:253–260
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Beatty P. H., Jensen S. E. 2002; Paenibacillus polymyxa produces fusaricidin-type antifungal antibiotics active against Leptosphaeria maculans , the causative agent of blackleg disease of canola. Can J Microbiol 48:159–169 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Berge O., Guinebretière M.-H., Achouak W., Normand P., Heulin T. 2002; Paenibacillus graminis sp. nov. and Paenibacillus odorifer sp. nov., isolated from plant roots, soil and food. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:607–616
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chung Y. R., Kim C. H., Hwang I., Chun J. 2000; Paenibacillus koreensis sp. nov., a new species that produces an iturin-like antifungal compound. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1495–1500 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Claus D., Berkeley R. C. W. 1986; Genus Bacillus Cohn 1872, 174AL . In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriolog y vol 2 pp  1105–1139 Edited by Sneath P. H. A., Mair N. S., Sharpe M. E., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Coenye T., Falsen E., Vancanneyt M., Hoste B., Govan J. R. W., Kersters K., Vandamme P. 1999; Classification of Alcaligenes faecalis -like isolates from the environment and human clinical samples as Ralstonia gilardii sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:405–413 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Daane L. L., Harjono I., Barns S. M., Launen L. A., Palleroni N. J., Häggblom M. M. 2002; PAH-degradation by Paenibacillus spp. and description of Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp. nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium from the rhizosphere of salt marsh plants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:131–139
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Elo S., Suominen I., Kämpfer P., Juhanoja J., Salkinoja-Salonen M., Haahtela K. 2001; Paenibacillus borealis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from spruce forest humus in Finland. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:535–545
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ezaki T., Hashimoto Y., Yabuuchi E. 1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane-filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Goris J., Dejonghe W., Falsen E., De Clerck E., Geeraerts B., Willems A., Top E. M., Vandamme P., De Vos P. 2002; Diversity of transconjugants that acquired plasmid pJP4 or pEMT1 after inoculation of a donor strain in the A- and B-horizon of an agricultural soil and description of Burkholderia hospita sp.nov. and Burkholderia terricola sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 25:340–352 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Grau F. H., Wilson P. W. 1962; Physiology of nitrogen fixation by Bacillus polymyxa . J Bacteriol 83:490–496
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Guinebretière M.-H., Berge O., Normand P., Morris C., Carlin F., Nguyen-The C. 2001; Identification of bacteria in pasteurized zucchini purées stored at different temperatures and comparison with those found in other pasteurized vegetable purées. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:4520–4530 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Herman L. M. F., Vaerewijck M. J. M., Moermans R. J. B., Waes G. M. A. V. J. 1997; Identification and detection of Bacillus sporothermodurans spores in 1, 10, and 100 milliliters of raw milk by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3139–3143
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Herman L., Heyndrickx M., Waes G. 1998; Typing of Bacillus sporothermodurans and other Bacillus species isolated from milk by repetitive element sequence based PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 26:183–188 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Heyndrickx M., Scheldeman P. 2002; Bacilli associated with spoilage in dairy and other food products. In Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives pp  64–82 Edited by Berkeley R., Heyndrickx M., Logan N., Vos P. De. Oxford: Blackwell Science;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Heyndrickx M., Vauterin L., Vandamme P., Kersters K., De Vos P. 1996; Applicability of combined amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) patterns in bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy. J Microbiol Methods 26:247–259 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Huemer I., Klijn N., Vogelsang H., Langeveld L. 1998; Thermal death kinetics of spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans isolated from UHT-milk. Int Dairy J 8:851–855 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kanzawa Y., Harada A., Takeuchi M., Yokota A., Harada T. 1995; Bacillus curdlanolyticus sp. nov. and Bacillus kobensis sp. nov., which hydrolyze resistant curdlan. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:515–521 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Logan N. A., Berkeley R. C. W. 1984; Identification of Bacillus strains using the API system. J Gen Microbiol 130:1871–1882
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Logan N. A., Lebbe L., Hoste B. 7 other authors 2000; Aerobic endospore-forming bacteria from geothermal environments in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago, with the proposal of Bacillus fumarioli sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1741–1753
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Martin N. I., Hu H., Moake M. M., Churey J. J., Whittal R., Worobo R. W., Vederas J. C. 2003; Isolation, structural characterization, and properties of mattacin (polymyxin M), a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Paenibacillus kobensis M. J Biol Chem 278:13124–13132 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Pearson W. R., Lipman D. J. 1988; Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:2444–2448 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Pitcher D. G., Saunders N. A., Owen R. J. 1989; Rapid extraction of bacterial genomic DNA with guanidium thiocyanate. Lett Appl Microbiol 8:151–156 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Piuri M., Sanchez-Rivas C., Ruzal S. M. 1998; A novel antimicrobial activity of a Paenibacillus polymyxa strain isolated from regional fermented sausages. Lett Appl Microbiol 27:9–13 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Raaska L., Sillanpaa J., Sjoberg A. M., Suihko M. L. 2002; Potential microbiological hazards in the production of refined paper products for food applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 28:225–231 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Rademaker J. L. W., Hoste B., Louws F. J., Kersters K., Swings J., Vauterin L., Vauterin P., de Bruijn F. J. 2000; Comparison of AFLP and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting with DNA–DNA homology studies: Xanthomonas as a model system. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:665–677 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Scheldeman P., Herman L., Goris J., De Vos P., Heyndrickx M. 2002; Polymerase chain reaction identification of Bacillus sporothermodurans from dairy sources. J Appl Microbiol 92:983–991 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Seldin L., van Elsas J. D., Penido E. G. C. 1984; Bacillus azotofixans sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species from Brazilian soils and grass roots. Int J Syst Bacteriol 34:451–456 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Setlow P. 1994; Mechanisms which contribute to the long-term survival of spores of Bacillus species. J Appl Bacteriol Symp Suppl 76:49S–60S [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Shida O., Takagi H., Kadowaki K., Nakamura L. K., Komagata K. 1997; Transfer of Bacillus alginolyticus , Bacillus chondroitinus , Bacillus curdlanolyticus , Bacillus glucanolyticus , Bacillus kobensis , and Bacillus thiaminolyticus to the genus Paenibacillus and emended description of the genus Paenibacillus . Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:289–298 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Stackebrandt E., Frederiksen W., Garrity G. M. 10 other authors 2002; Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1043–1047 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. te Giffel M. C., Wagendorp A., Herrewegh A., Driehuis F. 2002; Bacterial spores in silage and raw milk. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 81:625–630 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Vaerewijck M. J., De Vos P., Lebbe L., Scheldeman P., Hoste B., Heyndrickx M. 2001; Occurrence of Bacillus sporothermodurans and other aerobic spore-forming species in feed concentrate for dairy cattle. J Appl Microbiol 91:1074–1084 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Vancanneyt M., Witt S., Abraham W. R., Kersters K., Fredrickson H. L. 1996; Fatty acid content in whole-cell hydrolysates and phospholipid fractions of pseudomonads: a taxonomic evaluation. Syst Appl Microbiol 19:528–540 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Versalovic J., Schneider M., de Bruijn F. J., Lupski J. R. 1994; Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Methods Mol Cell Biol 5:25–40
    [Google Scholar]
  39. von der Weid I., Duarte G. F., van Elsas J. D., Seldin L. 2002; Paenibacillus brasilensis sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the maize rhizosphere in Brazil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:2147–2153 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Wayne L. G., Brenner D. J., Colwell R. R. 9 other authors 1987; Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Willems A., Doignon-Bourcier F., Goris J., Coopman R., de Lajudie P., De Vos P., Gillis M. 2001; DNA–DNA hybridization study of Bradyrhizobium strains. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1315–1322
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Witz D. F., Detroy R. W., Wilson P. W. 1967; Nitrogen fixation by growing cells and cell-free extracts of the Bacillaceae . Arch Mikrobiol 55:369–381 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02822-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.02822-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error