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Volume 64, Issue Pt_3

gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic methanotroph isolated from a shallow submarine hydrothermal system, and proposal of the family fam. nov. Free

Abstract

A novel methane-oxidizing bacterium, strain IT-9, was isolated from a shallow submarine hydrothermal system occurring in a coral reef in Japan. Strain IT-9 was a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, coccoid or oval-shaped bacterium with the distinctive intracytoplasmic membrane arrangement of a type I methanotroph. Strain IT-9 was a moderately thermophilic, obligate methanotroph that grew on methane and methanol at 30–55 °C (optimum 45–50 °C). The strain possessed the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). The ribulose monophosphate pathway was operative for carbon assimilation. NaCl was required for growth within a concentration range of 1–5 % (optimum 3 %). The gene encoding hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) involved in nitrification was detected by a PCR experiment. The major phospholipid fatty acids were C and Cω7. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 66.0 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IT-9 was only moderately related to the sequences of members of the closest genera (94.1 % similarity) and (91.7–91.9 % similarity); however, those sequences formed a deeply branching monophyletic group within the order . Phylogenies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, deduced partial PmoA sequences and deduced partial Hao sequences and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed that strain IT-9 represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of is IT-9 ( = JCM 13666 = DSM 19749). In addition, we propose a new family, fam. nov., in the order , to accommodate the genera , and . The genera and have been recognized as being distinct from other genera in the methane-oxidizing order in the class . These genera form a distinctive monophyletic lineage within the order on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny. This seems consistent with their distinctive physiological traits; the genus includes the most thermophilic species, and the genus includes the most halophilic species, within the order. Although these two genera include only three species at the time of writing, similar sequences of 16S rRNA genes and genes encoding pMMO have been detected in a geothermal area or deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields by studies using culture-independent techniques. This suggests that unknown methanotrophs of this lineage inhabit various extreme environments.

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2014-03-01
2024-05-01
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Methylomarinovum caldicuralii gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic methanotroph isolated from a shallow submarine hydrothermal system, and proposal of the family Methylothermaceae fam. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64, 989 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.058172-0
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