- Volume 32, Issue 4, 1982
Volume 32, Issue 4, 1982
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Application of the Growth Inhibition Test to Spiroplasma Taxonomy
More LessA total of 33 triply cloned Spiroplasma strains were studied by the conventional growth inhibition test on M1A or M1D agar plates. Sera were prepared to 17 of the isolates, representing five major groups and the four subgroups (subgroups 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4) of the Spiroplasma citri complex. Zone sizes varied with the titer and the growth rate of the spiroplasma cultures used as antigens. Test results were standardized by recording zone widths that developed on plates inoculated with cultures containing about 105 colony-forming units per ml. Zone widths in homologous tests ranged from 5 to 19 mm, but were usually at least 10 mm for all but the fastest growing spiroplasmas. Nonspecific zones 1 to 4 mm in width were observed rarely in heterologous crosses between major serogroups, but were characteristic of certain individual strain-antibody combinations and were not observed when other strains of the group or subgroup were examined. Heterologous reactions resulting in zones 2 to 15 mm wide among the four subgroups of the S. citri complex (group I) were observed; such partial reactions were characteristic of all strains within each subgroup. Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization experiments have shown that major Spiroplasma groups are distinct and can be considered to be putative species. Therefore, growth inhibition serology apparently functions in the Spiroplasmataceae as a test applicable for differentiation at the species level, as it does in the Mycoplasmataceae.
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Production of Enterobacterial Common Antigen as an Aid to Classification of Newly Identified Species of the Families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae
More LessA study on the production of enterobacterial common antigen by recently described or as-yet-undescribed species belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae was carried out by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests with rabbit antisera specific for this antigen. All 28 strains known or presumed to belong to Enterobacteriaceae produced this antigen, and none of the seven strains belonging to Vibrionaceae did so. The results obtained with Tatumella ptyseos and Xenorhabdus species are particularly noteworthy, since they represent species which are atypical for Enterobacteriaceae. It is suggested that the determination of the production of enterobacterial common antigen is a significant aid to classification, particularly when the assignation of a new genus or species to Enterobacteriaceae or to another family presents a problem.
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Description of Bacteroides loescheii sp. nov. and Emendation of the Descriptions of Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry) Roy and Kelly 1939 and Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1981
More LessBacteroides loescheii, a new species from periodontal pockets and superficially cleaned tooth surfaces coronal to gingival margins and from various types of human infections, is described. Strains of B. loescheii are obligately anaerobic, gram-negative, usually pigmenting, nonmotile, nonsporeforming rods that do not grow well in 10% bile and that ferment carbohydrates. These strains previously were identified as Bacteroides melaninogenicus or Bacteroides oralis, but they have no deoxyribonucleic acid homology with the type strain of either of these two species. The type strain of B. loescheii is ATCC 15930. The descriptions of B. melaninogenicus and Bacteroides denticola are emended.
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Streptococcus gallinarum sp. nov. and Streptococcus oralis sp. nov.
More LessA numerical taxonomic survey of numerous strains of streptococci showed the presence of two clusters of strains that are distinct from the presently named species of Streptococcus. One group, from chicken intestines, is named S. gallinarum and the other, from the human mouth, is named S. oralis. The type strains are F87/276 (= PB21 = NCTC 11428) and LVG 1 (= PB182 = NCTC 11427), respectively.
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Characterization of Catalase by Micro-Immunoprecipitation in Tissue-Derived Cells of Mycobacterium lepraemurium TMC 1701
More LessCell-free extracts of tissue-derived cells of Mycobacterium lepraemurium TMC 1701 have been found to have mycobacterial catalase which is of the T type. Immunological distance measurements of this catalase against three reference mycobacterial systems, as determined by a micro-immunoprecipitation technique, showed that catalase from M. lepraemurium TMC 1701 is most closely related to that of Mycobacterium avium but is still distinct from it. In this respect, this strain is uniquely positioned between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium.
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Transfer of Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) Eberson to the Genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces pyogenes (Glage) comb. nov †
More LessThe physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and biochemical characteristics of Corynebacterium pyogenes (Glage) Eberson were studied in detail to determine the taxonomic status of this organism. C. pyogenes is a gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporulating, short, rod-shaped bacterium which produces acid but not gas from a variety of carbohydrates. A number of amino acids were tested and did not appear to serve as sources of energy for growth. C. pyogenes is urease and catalase negative, does not reduce nitrates, and does not produce indole. Wide zones of β-hemolysis on blood agar, acid coagulation of litmus milk, and digestion of the clot are characteristic. Growth is comparable under aerobic and strictly anaerobic conditions. Metabolism is strictly fermentative. Glucose is fermented in CO2-containing media to succinate, acetate, formate, and lactate; no propionic acid is produced. In identical media without CO2, lactate is the major product, and only small amounts of acetate, succinate, and formate are produced. Hemin is stimulatory or required for growth. CO2/HCO3 – and inositol seem to be obligatory growth factors. Certain peptides appear to relieve the requirement for inositol. All strains require riboflavin and nicotinic acid, and most require adenine and uracil for optimal growth. Characteristic cell wall sugar components are rhamnose and glucose, and the major diamino acid of peptidoglycan is lysine. Cells contain a type b cytochrome. Based on these data, we propose that C. pyogenes be transferred to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces pyogenes (Glage) comb. nov.
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Isolation and Characterization of a Thermophilic Marine Methanogenic Bacterium, Methanogenium thermophilicum sp. nov. †
More LessA new species of thermophilic marine methanogenic bacteria is described. Cells of this species occurred as irregular cocci, singly or in pairs, and did not possess flagella. Colonies were translucent, beige in color, and circular with entire edges. Either formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide could serve as a substrate for growth and methane formation, whereas ethanol, methanol, acetate, propionate, and pyruvate could not. The temperature for optimum growth was 55°C, with minimal growth below 37°C and an upper temperature limit of 65°C. The pH for optimum growth was 7.0. Sodium chloride was required for growth; the concentration for optimum growth was 0.20 M. The minimum generation time was 2.5 h. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition was 59 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The name Methanogenium thermophilicum is proposed for this organism. The type strain is CR-1 (= ATCC 33837 = DSM 2373).
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Proposal for a Second Species Within the Genus Ureaplasma, Ureaplasma diversum sp. nov.
More LessIt is proposed that a second species should be established within the genus Ureaplasma, Ureaplasma diversum, with strain A417 (NCTC 10182) as the type strain. The new species differs from Ureaplasma urealyticum serologically and on the basis of the guanine-plus-cytosine content of its deoxyribonucleic acid and its protein composition as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The species is serologically heterogeneous, the member strains apparently belonging to one of three serological clusters or groups.
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NOTES:Streptococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov. and Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetilactis (Matuszewski et al.) nom. rev., comb. nov.
More LessStreptococcus lactis (Lister 1873) Löhnis 1909 and Streptococcus cremoris Orla-Jensen 1919 have a number of significant properties in common and belong to the same DNA homology group. S. cremoris is here regarded as a subspecies of S. lactis. The name of the subspecies is S. lactis subsp. cremoris (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov. Streptococcus diacetilactis Matuszewski et al. 1936 does not appear on the approved lists of bacterial names (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:225-420,1980). However, it is here regarded as a recognizable taxon, for which the name S. lactis subsp. diacetilactis (Matuszewski et al.) nom. rev., comb. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this subspecies is NCDO 176.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Mycobacterium lepraemurium: Its Genome Size, Base Ratio, and Homology with Those of Other Mycobacteria
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid of Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in mice was isolated and analyzed spectrophotometrically. The genome molecular weight and guanine-plus-cytosine content of this M. lepraemurium deoxyribonucleic acid were 1.8 × 109 and 65.5 mol%, respectively. Among selected strains of mycobacterial species, four strains of Mycobacterium avium showed the highest degree of deoxyribonucleic acid homology (74.2 to 92.9%) with M. lepraemurium, suggesting a close genetic relatedness.
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Amended Descriptions of the Genus Leptospira Noguchi 1917 and the Species L. interrogans (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926 and L. biflexa (Wolbach and Binger 1914) Noguchi 1918
More LessThe current descriptions of the genus Leptospira Noguchi and the species L. interrogans and L. biflexa (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:225–420) are inadequate and out of date. On behalf of the members of the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Leptospira of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, amended descriptions of these taxa are presented.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Five New Basidioblastomycetous Yeast Species Segregated from Cryptococcus vishniacii emend. auct., an Antarctic Yeast Species Comprising Four New Varieties
More LessThe Cryptococcus vishniacii complex (H. S. Vishniac and W. P. Hempfling, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29:153–158,1979) consists of seven species possessing less than 52% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology: Cryptococcus lupi, C. vishniacii, and five new species. Cryptococcus vishniacii Vishniac and Hempfling emend. auct. (additional characters include assimilation of l-aspartate, l-gluta-mate, 2-ketogluconate, and succinate) includes C. vishniacii var. vishniacii var. nov. (MYSW 304Y268 = ATCC 36649) assimilating (besides substrates common to the species) l-arabinose, citrate, l-proline (weakly), sucrose, raflfinose, and l-rhamnose (weakly); C. vishniacii var. wolfii var. nov. (MYSW 303Y216 = ATCC 46404), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose, citrate, sucrose, and raffinose; C. vishniacii var. asocialis var. nov. (MYSW 302Y312 = ATCC 46402), differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating fumarate and l-malate but not l-arabinose or citrate; and C. vishniacii var. vladimiri var. nov. (MYSW 302Y265 = ATCC 46403) differing from C. vishniacii var. vishniacii in assimilating cellobiose, methyl-α-d-glucoside, and salicin but not l-proline or l-rhamnose. Cryptococcus asgardensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y310 = ATCC 46399) differs from C. vishniacii in being suppressed by 0.05 μg of cycloheximide ml–1 and differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, melezitose, and l-rhamnose but not d-galactose, myo-inositol, or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus haldrensis sp. nov. (MYSW 302Y259 = ATCC 46400) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, cellobiose, 2-ketogluconate, and melezitose but not d-mannitol or succinate. Cryptococcus hempflingii sp. nov. (MYSW 306Y212 = ATCC 46401) differs from all other described yeasts in that it utilizes NO3 –-N and assimilates melezitose and d-xylose but not d-mannitol, salicin, or succinate. Cryptococcus tyrolensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y336 = ATCC 46405) differs from all other described yeasts in that it produces cream-colored colonies, utilizes NO3 –-N, and assimilates l-arabinose, melezitose, salicin, and d-xylose but not cellobiose or d-mannitol. Cryptococcus wrightensis sp. nov. (MYSW 303Y206 = ATCC 46406) differs from all other described yeasts (except C. vishniacii) in producing cream colonies and in utilizing NO3 –-N and assimilating cellobiose, citrate, and melezitose but not l-arabinose, glycerol, or d-mannitol. C. wrightensis is phenotypically most similar to C. vishniacii var. vladimiri, differing from it by assimilating fumarate (weakly) and l-malate but not l-arabinose. Keys for yeast identification should include varietal listings.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Status of Nomenclatural Types in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Request for an Opinion
More LessThe Approved Lists of Bacterial Names form the new starting document for bacterial nomenclature, and therefore it is implied that the nomenclatural types given there should be accepted as correct. The Judicial Commission is requested to issue an Opinion confirming this. A list is given of genera whose type species differ from those previously accepted. Two of these, Nocardia and Pasteurella, have in the Approved Lists type species contrary to those in an earlier Opinion, and the Commission is also requested to confirm these changes.
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Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on Requests for Opinions Published Between July 1979 and April 1981
More LessThis report covers those requests for an Opinion that were published between July 1979 and April 1981 upon which a vote has been taken. Occasional status reports will be published identifying requests that have been resolved.
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Opinion 54:Rejection of the Species Name Pseudomonas denitrificans (Christensen) Bergey et al. 1923
The species name Pseudomonas denitrificans (Christensen) Bergey et al. 1923 has been rejected by the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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Opinion 55: Rejection of the Species Name Mycobacterium aquae Jenkins et al. 1972
The species name Mycobacterium aquae Jenkins et al. 1972 has been rejected by the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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Opinion 56:Rejection of the Species Name Peptococcus anaerobius (Hamm) Douglas 1957
The species name Peptococcus anaerobius (Hamm) Douglas 1957 has been rejected by the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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- Errata
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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