- Volume 33, Issue 3, 1983
Volume 33, Issue 3, 1983
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Immunochemical and Protein-Chemical Studies of Class I Fructose 1, 6-Diphosphate Aldolases from Staphylococci
More LessThe class I fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases of five staphylococcal strains were purified and characterized. All of these enzymes could be renatured to active structures after exposure to a temperature of 90°C. By using antisera against the enzymes, we measured the immunological cross-reactions by microcomplement fixation and activity inhibition. The amino acid compositions of the purified proteins were determined and compared. Our results provide further insight into the phylogenetical relationships among the staphylococcal species studied. Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus form a group of highly related species. Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be closely related to this group, whereas all of the other staphylococcal species showed distant relationships. Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciuri and S. sciuri subsp. lentus occupy a rather isolated position within the genus Staphylococcus and are related to each other at the species level.
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Assignment of “Achromobacter iophagus” Strain I.029 to Vibrio alginolyticus Chemovar iophagus
More LessStrain CIP 82.01 of Vibrio alginolyticus and strain I.029 (previously designated “Achromobacter iophagus”) were compared. Strain I.029 produces a collagenase of high specific activity (Achromobacter collagenase; EC 3.4.24.8). Collagenase production is induced in strain CIP 82.01 by collagen or macromolecular fragments of collagen in a manner similar to collagenase induction in strain I.029; caseinolytic proteinase is constitutive. In this study we demonstrate that both strains also produce a constitutive extracellular endonuclease. Collagenases from both strains cleave either native collagen in its helical region or a similar synthetic peptide; both enzymes are inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetate, but not by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The collagenase subunit (molecular weight, 35,000) of strain CIP 82.01 is similar in amino acid composition to the subunit of the strain I.029 enzyme, although some of the aspartic and threonine residues in strain CIP 82.01 are replaced by glutamic and serine residues in strain I.029. Surface radioiodination followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that there are quantitative differences in the major outer membrane proteins of the two strains. Strains CIP 82.01 and I.029 differ qualitatively in resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin, in cellobiose fermentation, in ornithine decarboxylase activity, and in halophilism. We propose that strain I.029, which was originally designated A. iophagus, be included within the species V. alginolyticus, but that this organism be distinguished from other strains of this species by the designation Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar iophagus, with the corresponding collagenase designated “iophagus collagenase” (EC 3.4.24.8).
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Numerical Taxonomy of Rapidly Growing, Scotochromogenic Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium parafortuitum Complex: Mycobacterium austroafricanum sp. nov. and Mycobacterium diernhoferi sp. nov., nom. rev.
More LessA numerical analysis of phenetic data collected from rapidly growing, scotoch-romogenic mycobacterial strains isolated from water in South Africa and from strains of the taxa Mycobacterium parafortuitum, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium neoaurum, and “Mycobacterium diernhoferi” indicated that all of these organisms belong to the Mycobacterium parafortuitum complex. Our results also indicated that each of the taxa mentioned above is worthy of species status within the complex. The name Mycobacterium austroafricanum sp. nov. is proposed for the South African isolates, and the characteristics of these isolates are described; the type strain is E9789-SA12441 (= ATCC 33464). The name Mycobacterium diernhoferi is revived for the organism described originally by Bönicke and Juhasz in 1965; the type strain of this species is strain 41001 (= ATCC 19340).
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Numerical Taxonomy of Hafnia alvei
More LessWe examined 47 Hafnia alvei strains by performing a numerical analysis of 101 features. The similarity among all of the strains was very high, and these strains formed a single phenon with a simple matching coefficient of more than 0.875 when average-linkage cluster analysis was used. The H. alvei strains were distinct from several reference enteric bacteria, including representative Enterobacter strains. The guanosine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids from nine strains were 43.6 to 47.9 mol% (mean ± standard deviation, 45.3 ± 1.3 mol%).
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Mycoplasma mustelae, a New Species from Mink
More LessFive rapidly growing, glucose-fermenting Mycoplasma strains were isolated from the lungs of mink kits. Biochemical and serological studies revealed that these isolates were different from all of the currently accepted Mycoplasma species and serogroups. These strains appear to constitute a new species, for which we propose the name Mycoplasma mustelae. The type strain of M. mustelae is strain MX9, and this strain has been deposited in the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Animal Mycoplasmas, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark, as strain AMRC-C 1486, in the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., as strain ATCC 35214, and in the National Collection of Type Cultures, London, England, as strain NCTC 10193.
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Staphylococcus gallinarum and Staphylococcus caprae, Two New Species from Animals
More LessWe describe a new species, Staphylococcus gallinarum, based on a study of characteristics of strains isolated from chickens and a pheasant. Strain CCM 3572 (= VIII1) is the type strain of this species. The chemical composition of the cell walls of the strains of this new species is similar to that of Staphylococcus epidermidis, but these organisms are resistant to novobiocin and produce acid from a wide range of carbohydrates. Staphylococcal strains isolated from goat milk belong to another new species, Staphylococcus caprae. The type strain is CCM 3573 (= 143.22). These strains are more closely related to S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus capitis than to other staphylococci.
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Intra- and Intergeneric Similarities of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons
P. De Vos and J. De Ley*We hybridized 23S 2-14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs) from type strains Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, Pseudomonas acidovorans ATCC 15668, Pseudomonas solanacearum NCPPB 325, and Xanthomonas campestris NCPPB 528 with deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) from 65 Pseudomonas strains, 23 Xanthomonas strains, and 148 mostly gram-negative strains belonging to 43 genera and 93 species and subspecies including more than 60 type strains. Our findings confirm and extend the findings derived from ribonucleic acid hybridizations by the Berkeley group, but differed in some respects from the groupings of Pseudomonas in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed. The genus Pseudomonas Migula 1894, 237 was divided into three large, distinct groups. The Pseudomonas fluorescens rRNA branch contains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. The Pseudomonas acidovorans rRNA branch contains Pseudomonas acidovorans, Pseudomonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas delafieldii, Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas palleronii, Pseudomonas saccharophila, and Pseudomonas flava. The third rRNA branch contains Pseudomonas solanacearum, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas marginata, Pseudomonas caryophylli, and Pseudomonas lemoignei. Each of these rRNA branches is as heterogeneous as a genus. The Pseudomonas solanacearum and Pseudomonas acidovorans rRNA branches are about as far removed from each other as they are from the genera Janthinobacterium and Derxia and the authentic genus Alcaligenes. These branches are members of the third rRNA superfamily. The Pseudomonas fluorescens rRNA branch is quite different, as it is a member of the second rRNA superfamily, which also contains Azotobacter, Azomonas, Xanthomonas, and some other genera. Along with data from rRNA hybridizations involving many different gram-negative taxa, these results show clearly that the three Pseudomonas rRNA branches differ at least at the genus level. The genus Xanthomonas is separate in its own right. It constitutes a very tight cluster consisting of Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, and Xanthomonas albilineans (Xanthomonas campestris covers older species names no longer in use). Xanthomonas (Aplanobacter) populi has rRNA cistrons that are indistinguishable from the rRNA cistrons of the xanthomonads mentioned above. There are a number of misnamed taxa. Pseudomonas maltophilia is a somewhat unusual member of Xanthomonas; likewise, Pseudomonas diminuta and Pseudomonas vesicularis are not members of the genus Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas ampelina is definitely not a member of the genus Xanthomonas. The exact taxonomic positions of the latter three species are unknown. A quantitative comparison showed that fine differentiation of strains by means of DNA-DNA hybridization under stringent conditions at Tor (temperature of optimal renaturation) was meaningful only in the top 7 to 8°C T m(e) (thermal elution temperature range, 73 to 81°C) of our DNA-rRNA similarity maps and dendrograms (a difference of 1°C in thermal elution temperature T m(e) from ribosomal DNA similarity corresponded to roughly 14% DNA homology).
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Transfer of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and the Pasteurella haemolytica-Like Organism Causing Porcine Necrotic Pleuropneumonia to the Genus Actinobacillus (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae comb. nov.) on the Basis of Phenotypic and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness
More LessThe Pasteurella-like organism of porcine necrotizing pleuropneumonia described by Bertschinger and Seifert in 1978 was shown to be phenotypically similar to the V factor-requiring strains hitherto classified as Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (Matthews and Pattison 1961) Shope 1964. Deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization experiments in which the optical method was used yielded 91% binding of the genomes of the type and reference strains of these two taxa, thus indicating that they belong to the same species. The levels of deoxyribonucleic acid binding between these strains and the type strain of Haemophilus influenzae indicated no measurable relatedness. Therefore, these organisms do not belong to the genus Haemophilus sensu stricto. On the other hand, they are closely related to Actinobacillus lignieresii, as determined by both phenotypic characteristics and deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence relatedness (72 to 75% binding). To take into account the different host ranges of these organisms, we propose to classify them as a species distinct from, but closely related to, A. lignieresii, under the new combination Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The emended species A. pleuropneumoniae is composed of V factor-requiring and V factor-independent biovars. The type strain (strain Shope 4047 [= CCM 5869 = ATCC 27088]) requires V factor; the V factor-independent biovar is represented by strain Bertschinger 2008/76 (= Frederiksen P 597 = HIM 677-3/4).
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Neisseria macacae sp. nov., a new Neisseria Species Isolated from the Oropharynges of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
More LessThree gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococcal strains were isolated from the oropharynges of healthy monkeys. These three strains closely resembled Neisseria perflava in their physiological and biochemical characteristics, were more similar to Neisseria canis in their cellular fatty acid profiles, and were moderately related to Neisseria mucosa (51.9%) as determined by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization. An analysis of 11 enzymes indicated clustering closest to Neisseria sicca, followed by N. mucosa. We propose the name Neisseria macacae for this new species, and the type strain of this species is strain M-740 (= ATCC 33926).
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Comparison of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies of Six Strains of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria
More LessWe assessed polynucleotide sequence homologies among representative strains from four genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, including three morphological types of the genus Nitrosomonas, by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization. Our results indicate that there is little homology among the four genera which we examined. Furthermore, the low degree of homology among the morphological types of Nitrosomonas suggests that each type should be considered a separate species.
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Promicromonospora enterophila sp. nov., a New Species of Monospore Actinomycetes
More LessPromicromonospora enterophila sp. nov., which was isolated from millipede feces, is the first species of the genus Promicromonospora for which the natural habitat is known. A comparison of this species with Promicromonospora citrea is presented. The type strain of P. enterophila is HMGB B1078 (= strain DFA-19).
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Reidentification of Thiobacillus perometabolis ATCC 27793 and Thiobacillus sp. Strain A2 with Reference to a New Species, Thiobacillus rapidicrescens sp. nov.
More LessThiobacillus perometabolis THI 024 (= ATCC 27793) is closely related to Thiobacillus sp. strain A2T (type strain) (= THI 041T = ATCC 25364T), and these strains clearly differ from the known Thiobacillus species in their morphological and physiological characteristics, ubiquinone systems, deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents, and cellular fatty acid compositions. We propose the name Thiobacillus rapidicrescens sp. nov. for these organisms. Strain THI 041 is the type strain of this species.
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Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. konjaci subsp. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Konjac (Amorphophalus konjac Koch.)
More LessA bacterial disease characterized by the development of rectangular lesions on the leaves of konjac (Amorphophalus konjac Koch.) is described. The size of the lesions increased rapidly under humid conditions, resulting in leaf blight. Leaves with severe blight drooped and finally decayed. The disease was identified from the symptoms as bacterial leaf blight on the basis of the descriptions made by Uyeda in 1910. The causal agent was, however, different from Xanthomonas conjaci (Uyeda) Burkholder in many respects and was found to be a new subspecies of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes based on the results of a direct comparison of pathological and biochemical properties. The name Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. konjaci subsp. nov. is proposed for the new subspecies, and strain K2 (= ATCC 33996 = PDDCC 7733) is designated the type strain.
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Pseudomonas ficuserectae sp. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Ficus erecta Thunb.
More LessPseudomonas ficuserectae, a new nonfluorescent, phytopathogenic pseudomonad species, is described. This bacterium produces dark brown, water-soaked spots on the leaves and stems of Ficus erecta Thunb., resulting either in defoliation or shoot blight on severely infected plants. The colonies on nutrient agar plates are white, circular, and 3 to 4 mm in diameter after 6 days. P. ficuserectae is similar to Pseudomonas amygdali in many properties. The differences between these two species include size of colonies on agar plates, hydrolysis of Tween 80, production of H2S, utilization of ribose, raffinose, mannitol, sorbitol, and malonate, and pathogenicity. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of the type strain of P. ficuserectae, strain L7, is 59 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The specific epithet of this new species reflects the pathogenicity of the bacterium on F. erecta Thunb.
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Rhodopseudomonas rutila, a New Species of Nonsulfur Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria
More LessStrains R1T (type strain) and R2, two new isolates of nonsulfur purple photosynthetic bacteria, were studied. The cells of these organisms were gram-negative nonsporeforming rods that were motile by means of a single flagellum, and they multiplied by budding. The photosynthetic membrane systems of these strains were of the lamellar type parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells which formed under anaerobic conditions in the light were red. The cells of these strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a, ubiquinone 10, and carotenoids. No vitamins were required as growth factors, and reduced sulfur compounds could not be utilized by strains R1T and R2. These two strains produced molecular hydrogen anaerobically in the light. On the basis of this study, we propose a new species, Rhodopseudomonas rutila, for strains R1T and R2. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of strains R1T and R2 are 67.6 and 69.4 mol%, respectively. The type strain of this new species is strain R1 (= ATCC 33872).
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Actinosporangium vitaminophilum sp. nov.
More LessA new species of Actinosporangium is described, for which we propose the name Actinosporangium vitaminophilum. This organism produces new antibiotics called pyrrolomycins and is characterized by pseudosporangia lacking sporangial walls, nonmotile spores, and a type I cell wall. It differs significantly from previously described species of the genus Actinosporangium in the cultural conditions necessary for pseudosporangium formation. The type strain of A. vitaminophilum is SF-2080 (= ATCC 31673).
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Avirulence of 27 Bacteria That Are Budding, Prosthecate, or Both
More LessWe tested the possible pathogenicity of 27 bacteria that are budding or prosthecate or both in mice and guinea pigs. The strains tested belong to the following taxa: Hyphomicrobium (12 strains), “Hyphomonas” (4 strains), Pedomicrobium (2 strains), Rhodomicrobium (2 strains), Prosthecomicrobium (1 strain), “Stella” (1 strain), Blastobacter (2 strains), Planctomyces (1 strain), and Pasteuria (1 strain); 1 strain was unnamed. Mice injected intraveneously with a 0.5-ml suspension containing up to 109 colony-forming units per ml survived for 7 days without macroscopic changes, abscesses, or lesions. Four Hyphomicrobium strains, one “Hyphomonas” strain, and the unnamed strain caused slight spleen enlargement and in some cases a mottled kidney appearance; however, the organs were histologically normal, and the changes observed were considered to be signs of host reaction rather than pathological changes. Subcutaneous injections also did not result in disease. Two Rhodomicrobium strains could be reisolated from mice after 21 days; none of the other strains could be recovered after 7 days. Lethal endotoxic activity was not detected with any of the strains when cell sonic extracts were injected intraveneously. All strains caused antibody formation, and agglutination dilution titers ranged from 1 :2 to 1 :64. Serological cross-reactions with six strains indicated the presence of distinct taxonomic groups. Hyphomicrobia from soil cross-reacted with each other but not with hyphomicrobia from aquatic sources. Immunosuppressive pretreatment with Natulan did not render the mice more susceptible. Other possible indicators of pathogenicity (i.e., mannitol utilization and β-hemolysis) were not observed in the 27 strains. We concluded that the 27 bacteria tested are nonpathogenic for mice or guinea pigs under the conditions used.
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Spirochaeta isovalerica sp. nov., a Marine Anaerobe That Forms Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fermentation Products
More LessFour strains of obligately anaerobic spirochetes were isolated from marine intertidal mud. These strains grew to yields of 2 × 108 to 6 × 108 cells per ml in chemically defined media containing glucose, amino acids or NH4Cl, sulfide, vitamins, and inorganic salts. These spirochetes required relatively high levels of Na+ for growth and utilized carbohydrates but not amino acids as growth substrates. Glucose was fermented to CO2, H2, ethanol, and acetate. These four strains also formed the branched-chain fatty acids isovalerate , 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutyrate as fermentation products of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine, respectively. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate generated via fermentation of these amino acids was expended by the spirochetes to prolong survival during periods of growth substrate starvation. The deoxyribonucleic acids of the four strains contained 63.6 to 65.6 mol% guanine plus cytosine. We concluded that these four strains are representatives of a new species, for which we propose the name Spirochaeta isovalerica; the type strain of this species is strain MA-2 (= DSM 2461).
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Sphingobacterium gen. nov., Sphingobacterium spiritivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium multivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium mizutae sp. nov., and Flavobacterium indologenes sp. nov. : Glucose-Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Rods in CDC Groups IIK-2 and IIb
More LessA new genus, Sphingobacterium, two new combinations, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum (Holmes, Owen, and Hollis) and Sphingobacterium multivorum (Holmes, Owen, and Weaver), and two new species, Sphingobacterium mizutae and Flavobacterium indologenes, are described. The genus Sphingobacterium is characterized and distinguished from the genus Flavobacterium by the presence in its strains of high concentrations of sphingophospholipids as cellular lipid components. S. spiritivorum is designated the type species of the genus Sphingobacterium. S. mizutae ATCC 33299 (= GIFU 1203) and F. indologenes ATCC 29893 (= CDC 3716 = GIFU 1347 = NCTC 10796 = RH 542) are designated the type strains of the two new species. Emended descriptions of the type strains of S. spiritivorum and S. multivorum are presented.
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Aeromonas media, a New Species Isolated from River Water
More LessDuring a survey for the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida, 45 Aeromonas isolates which could not be classified in the existing named species of the genus were recovered from water obtained from the River Avon in Hampshire, England. On the basis of a numerical taxonomy study, these isolates were clustered in three homogeneous phena. Phenon 1 was identified as a new species of Aeromonas, for which we propose the name Aeromonas media; strain RM (= ATCC 33907) is the type strain of this species.
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Campylobacter nitrofigilis sp. nov., a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Associated with Roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel
More LessObligately microaerophilic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria were found associated with roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel and in root-associated sediments from salt marshes in Nova Scotia, Canada, and Georgia. These bacteria differ from previously described species and thus represent a new species. The cells of all strains which we studied are small, rigid, curved, motile, and rod shaped and have single polar flagella. Metabolism is respiratory, and the strains utilize organic and amino acids, but not carbohydrates, as sole carbon sources. Poly-β-hydroxybu-tyrate is not produced. These traits and the guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of these strains (28.3 ± 0.1 mol%) indicate that they are members of the genus Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963. However, these strains can be distinguished from the previously described species of Campylobacter by the presence of nitrogenase, by their tolerance of and apparent requirement for NaCl, by the production of pigment from tryptophan, by a combination of other biochemical traits, and by their association with plant roots. Therefore, we propose that these strains represent a new species, Campylobacter nitrofigilis, and we designate strain CI (= ATCC 33309) as the type strain.
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Prosthecomicrobium litoralum, a New Species from Marine Habitats
More LessMarine strains of multiply appendaged prosthecate bacteria have been isolated. All three strains included in this study have characteristics that are typical of the genus Prosthecomicrobium. The deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of the strains tested range from 66 to 67 mol% guanine plus cytosine; these values are similar to the value reported for Prosthecomicrobium enhydrum. However, the new strains which we studied differ from Prosthecomicrobium enhydrum because of their marine origin, immotility, requirement for a minimum salinity for growth of 5°/oo, and lack of colony pigmentation. The marine strains have an absolute sodium ion requirement for growth, which is consistent with their being indigenous to marine environments. A new species, Prosthecomicrobium litoralum, is proposed.
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Roseburia cecicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a Motile, Obligately Anaerobic Bacterium from a Mouse Cecum
More LessStrain GMT (type strain), a motile, obligately anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from scrapings of the cecal mucosa of a conventional laboratory mouse. Strain GMT cells were gram-negative, nonsporeforming, slightly curved rods (0.5 by 2.5 to 5 μm) with 20 to 35 flagella inserted into the concave side and, occasionally, into the end of each cell. The flagella appeared as a single fascicle when the cells were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Glycerol, sorbitol, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-raffinose, d-glucose, d-maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, starch, and glycogen were growth substrates for this organism. Butyrate, ethanol, CO2, and H2 were products of fermentation of glucose and acetate by growing cells. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of strain GMT was 42.3 mol%, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. The characteristics of this bacterium indicate that it does not belong to any currently recognized genus. Therefore, for this organism we propose a new genus, Roseburia, and a new species, Roseburia cecicola, in the family Bacteroidaceae. A culture of the type strain (strain GM) has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection under the number ATCC 33874.
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Centipeda periodontii gen. nov., sp. nov. from Human Periodontal Lesions
More LessNine strains of motile, anaerobic, nonsporeforming, gram-negative bacteria were isolated from human lesions of adult and juvenile periodontitis and compared with type strains Fusobacterium plauti ATCC 29863, Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150, Selenomonas ruminantium ATCC 12561, and Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus ATCC 29359. The cells of our isolates were long and serpentine and appeared to be bilaterally flagellated when they were examined by dark-field microscopy, giving the cells a centipede-like appearance. Electron microscopic studies snowed the presence of a linear zone of flagellar insertions which spiraled around the cell body. Cultures were fermentative and produced propionic, acetic, lactic, and succinic acids. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of three isolates ranged from 52 to 54 mol%, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. All strains had 58 to 100% deoxyribonucleic acid homology with one another, but only 14% or less homology with the deoxyribonucleic acids of three previously described species. We propose the name Centipeda periodontii gen. nov., sp. nov. for these organisms; strain LL2383 (= ATCC 35019) is the type strain.
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Morphological and Taxonomic Reevaluation of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and “Bacillus penetrans” Mankau 1975
More LessThe characteristics of a cladoceran parasite and a nematode parasite were compared with the characteristics given in descriptions of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and with the characteristics of strain ATCC 27377, the type strain of P. ramosa designated by Staley (Can. J. Microbiol. 19:609-614, 1973). The cladoceran and nematode parasites formed endospores and exhibited most of the morphological phases described by Metchnikoff. Strain ATCC 27377 of Staley did not form spores or exhibit the morphological stages described for P. ramosa. Our findings indicate that strain ATCC 27377 is not a member of P. ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and should not be considered the type strain for the genus and species. Because the cladoceran and nematode parasites do conform to the description of P. ramosa of Metchnikoff, they appear to be members of the genus Pasteuria.
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Notes: Emendation of Thiobacillus perometabolis London and Rittenberg 1967
More LessAn emended description of Thiobacillus perometabolis type strain THI 023 (= ATCC 23370) is presented. T. perometabolis grows in autotrophic media containing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds and in heterotrophic media containing single carbon sources, contrary to the original description.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Restriction Endonuclease Fingerprint Characterization of Actinomycete Strains
More LessRestriction endonuclease digestion of total purified genomic deoxyribonucleic acid gives rise to deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of discrete sizes. These can be separated by one-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. A unique banding pattern (fingerprint) is obtained for each actinomycete wild-type strain tested. These fingerprints are useful for recognizing a given wild-type strain and its derivatives, but cannot be used for species characterization.
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Pseudomonas fuscovaginae sp. nov., nom. rev.
More LessThe name Pseudomonas fuscovaginae Tanii, Miyajima and Akita 1976 was omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Therefore, this name is here revived for the organism to which it originally referred. The cells of strains of this species are aerobic, gram negative, and rod shaped with polar flagella. They oxidize glucose in oxidation-fermentation medium, and they produce a green fluorescent pigment, oxidase, and arginine dihydrolase. Denitrification, β-glucosidase, pit formation on polypectate gel and growth at 37°C are negative. Characteristics that distinguish this species from other fluorescent pseudomonads which are positive for arginine dihydrolase and oxidase are its ability to produce a hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco plants and its inability to utilize 2-ketogluconate or inositol. These bacteria were pathogenic to Oryza sativa and eight other species of the Gramineae. The type strain is NCPPB 3085 (= PDDCC 5940).
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Confusing Irregularities in the Nomenclature of Some Rhodococcus Species
More LessWe draw attention to the fact that there are some confusing irregularities in the authority citations for some species of Rhodococcus on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and also in the designation of the type strains of the objective synonyms Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium equi.
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Description of Bacillus azotoformans sp. nov.
More LessThe name Bacillus azotoformans (ex Pichinoty, de Barjac, Mandel, Greenway, and Garcia 1976) is revived. Strains of this species are motile and produce terminal or subterminal oval endospores in swollen sporangia. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with production of nitrogen. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of this organism is 39.8 ± 1.2 mol% (mean ± standard deviation). The type strain is ATCC 29788 (= CCM 2849 = CIP R925).
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Transfer of Micropolyspora rectivirgula (Krassilnikov and Agre 1964) Lechevalier, Lechevalier, and Becker 1966 to Faenia gen. nov.
More LessBecause Micropolyspora brevicatena , the type species of the genus Micropolyspora, has been removed from Micropolyspora to the genus Nocardia, we propose the name Faenia gen. nov. for the remaining species in the genus. The type species of this new genus is Faenia rectivirgula (Krassilnikov and Agre) comb. nov. The type strain of F. rectivirgula is VKM-A-810 = INMU 683 = ATCC 33515).
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Assignment of ATCC 27377 to Planctomyces staleyi sp. nov. and Conservation of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 on the Basis of Type Descriptive Material
More LessThe name Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 is used for two quite different kinds of bacteria. We request that the Judicial Commission issue an Opinion to the effect that the name be used only for the sort of bacterial parasite or endosymbiont described by Metchnikoff from the body cavities of cladoceran invertebrates belonging to the family Daphnidae. The name should not be used for an organism quite different from that described by Metchnikoff, ATCC 27377T, a member of morphotype IV of the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group of budding and non-prosthecately appendaged bacteria, for which we propose the name Planctomyces staleyi sp. nov. We further recommend that relevant alterations be made in connection with the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and culture collection catalogs.
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- Errata
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)