- Volume 51, Issue 3, 2001
Volume 51, Issue 3, 2001
- Articles
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Transfer of thermobacteroides leptospartum and Clostridium thermolacticum as Clostridium stercorarium subsp. leptospartum subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov. and C. stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov.
More Less16S rRNA sequencing and sequence analysis of the sole member of the genus Thermobacteroides, Thermobacteroides leptospartum, revealed that it was related to members of cluster III (according to the scheme of Collins et al. 1994) represented exclusively by cellulolytic Clostridium species. Phenotypic studies indicated that Thermobacteroides leptospartum was also able to grow on cellulose, providing further evidence of its affiliation to members of cluster III. Its closest phylogenetic relatives, Clostridium thermolacticum and Clostridium stercorarium, were almost equidistantly placed with a similarity value of 99%. DNA hybridization studies also indicated that Thermobacteroides leptospartum, C. thermolacticum and C. stercorarium were closely related to each other (values of over 95% homology). Similarities based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA homology are sufficiently high to regard all three strains as subspecies of a single species. It is therefore proposed that Thermobacteroides leptospartum and C. thermolacticum be transferred to cluster III as C. stercorarium subsp. leptospartum subsp. nov., comb. nov. and C. stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov., respectively, thus automatically creating C. stercorarium subsp. stercorarium subsp. nov., comb. nov. The transfer of the sole member of Thermobacteroides invalidates the taxonomic status of the genus.
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Transfer of Natrialba asiatica B1T to Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. and description of Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., a novel extremely halophilic, aerobic, non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular poly(glutamic acid).
More LessA novel extremely halophilic member of the Archaea, strain 40T, was isolated from Egypt (Aswan). This isolate requires at least 1.6 M sodium chloride for growth and exhibits optimal growth between 37 and 42 degrees C. Determination of the entire 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the highest similarity to the type strain of Natrialba asiatica (> 99%). Polar lipid analysis indicated that strain 40T and Natrialba asiatica have essentially identical compositions, indicating that the former is a member of genus Natrialba. However, physiological and biochemical data provided evidence that Natrialba asiatica strains B1T and 172P1T, as well as strain 40T, are sufficiently different to be divided in three different species. The G+C content of strain 40T was 61.5+/-0.6 mol%. In addition, DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the placement of the isolate in a new species in the genus Natrialba, Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., and indicated that Natrialba asiatica strain B1T should also be placed in a separate species, Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. Morphological studies of strain 40T indicated clearly that this isolate appears in three completely different cell shapes (cocci, rods, tetrads) under different conditions of growth, including different sodium chloride concentrations and different growth temperatures. Another interesting property of strain 40T is the ability to produce an extracellular polymer, which was found to be composed predominantly of glutamic acid (85% w/w), representing poly(glutamic acid), carbohydrates (12.5% w/w) and unidentified compounds (2.5% w/w). Among the Archaea, production of an extracellular polysaccharide has been described for some members of the genera Haloferax and Haloarcula.
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Phylogenetic relationships of Anaplasma marginale and 'Ehrlichia platys' to other Ehrlichia species determined by GroEL amino acid sequences.
X J Yu, X F Zhang, J W McBride, Y Zhang and D H WalkerThe heat-shock protein (GroEL) genes of Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia muris and 'Ehrlichia platys' were sequenced and compared with the GroEL of other species of Ehrlichia. The GroEL amino acid sequences of A. marginale and 'E. platys' were most similar to the GroEL sequence of Ehrlichia phagocytophila, with which they formed one group with 6-10% divergence. The E. muris GroEL was most closely related to the GroEL of two unclassified strains (HF-565 and Anan), then to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Cowdria ruminantium, forming a second distinct group (0.3-8.6% divergence). The GroELs of Ehrlichia risticii and Ehrlichia sennetsu were very similar to one another (only 2% divergence), forming the third group. The first two groups were relatively closely related (17-20% divergence), while the third group was only distantly related to the first two groups (62-73% divergence).
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Streptococcus ovis sp. nov., isolated from sheep.
More LessSeven strains of an unknown Gram-positive catalase-negative chain-forming coccus-shaped organism isolated from clinical specimens from sheep were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the bacterium represents a new sub-line within the genus Streptococcus. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from recognized streptococcal species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Streptococcus ovis sp. nov. The type strain of Streptococcus ovis is CCUG 39485T (= LMG 19174T).
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Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov. and Legionella fallonii sp. nov.: three unusual new Legionella species.
Seven strains of Legionella-like amoebal pathogens (LLAPs) were characterized on the basis of their cultural and staining characteristics, biochemical reactions, serology, cellular fatty acids (CFAs), isoprenoid quinone composition, total DNA relatedness, analysis of 16S rRNA and macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) gene sequence analyses. All seven strains exhibited limited growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract alpha (BCYE) agar, required cysteine for growth and contained branched-chain CFAs and quinones typical of Legionella species. The bacilli were Gram-negative and catalase-positive. There were varying degrees of serological cross-reactions between these LLAP strains and other previously described Legionella species. Results from the various tests revealed that four LLAP strains represent three unusual new species of Legionella: Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-1T; Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-6T; and Legionella fallonii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-10T. Three other LLAP strains, designated LLAP-7FL, LLAP-7NF and LLAP-9, were shown to be members of the species Legionella lytica. The deductions made from the phenetic characteristics of these bacteria were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships inferred from 16S rRNA and mip gene sequence analyses. This study is the first to speciate LLAP strains on the basis of data including quantitative DNA hybridization.
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Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new obligately alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from edible-olive wash-waters.
More LessA novel Gram-positive, obligately alkaliphilic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium is described. Three different strains of the bacterium were isolated from the wash-waters of edible-olive production. The strains are motile, psychrotolerant, halotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a pH optimum of 9.0-9.4 for two strains and 9.8-10.2 for the third. They are catalase- and oxidase-negative. A range of hexoses and some disaccharides composed of hexoses, but not pentoses are metabolized by the bacterial strains: D(+)-glucose, D(+)-glucose 6-phosphate, D(+)-cellobiose, starch or sucrose are the carbohydrates best utilized. No common amino acids are utilized by the three alkaliphilic strains, but yeast extract can serve as sole carbon and energy source. The major membrane phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid, all containing saturated and unsaturated, even-carbon-numbered fatty acyl chains with hexadecanoic and hexadecen(7)oic as the predominant components. The G+C content of the DNA in all three strains is 39.7+/-1.0 mol% and the DNA relatedness by hybridization is >88% for all pairings of the three strains. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons revealed that the strains represent a new alkaliphilic linkage in the order Bacillales, belonging to the Carnobacterium/Aerococcus-like spectrum. It is proposed that the strains should be assigned to a new genus and species, Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus. The three strains, designated WW2-SN4aT, WW2-SN4c and WW2-SN5, have been deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ) as DSM 13175T, DSM 12937 and DSM 12938 respectively, and in the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria as NCIMB 13710T, NCIMB 13711 and NCIMB 13712, respectively. The type species of this genus is Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus and the type strain is WW2-SN4aT.
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Halomonas marisflavae sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
More LessA halophilic Gram-negative bacterial strain, SW32T, which was isolated from a sample from the Yellow Sea of Korea, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism grew optimally in the presence of 0.5-12% NaCl. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SW32T appeared to be a member of the genus Halomonas. Strain SW32T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the phylogenetic clade comprising Halomonas species and the genera Zymobacter and Carnimonas. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain SW32T contains 19 signature characteristics of the genus Halomonas and the family Halomonadaceae. Strain SW32T possessed a single polar flagellum, ubiquinone-9 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18:1, C16:0 and C16:1 omega7c and/or iso-C15:0 20H as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 59 mol%. Levels of 16S rDNA similarity between strain SW32T and the type strains of all validly described Halomonas species were 92.0-93.8%. Strain SW32T exhibited 16S rDNA similarity values of 92.7% to Zymobacter palmae IAM 14233T and 91.6% to Carnimonas nigrificans CECT 4437T. These data indicate that strain SW32T was related enough to members of the genus Halomonas to be placed as a new species within that genus. Therefore the name Halomonas marisflavae sp. nov. is proposed for strain SW32T. The type strain of the new species is strain SW32T (= KCCM 80003T = JCM 10873T).
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Porphyromonas gulae sp. nov., an anaerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus from the gingival sulcus of various animal hosts.
D Fournier, C Mouton, P Lapierre, T Kato, K Okuda and C MénardA new species, Porphyromonas gulae sp. nov., is proposed to include strains isolated from the gingival sulcus of various animal hosts which are distinct from related strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis of human origin. This bacterium exhibits the following characteristics: black-pigmented colonies; asaccharolytic, obligate anaerobic growth; and Gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Colonies do not fluoresce under UV light. Vitamin K1 and haemin are required for growth. Cells haemagglutinate sheep erythrocytes. Major fatty acid end products are butyric acid, isovaleric acid, succinic acid and phenylacetic acid. Strains are catalase-positive and indole is produced. Alkaline phosphatase, trypsin-like and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities are strong. A beta-galactosidase and a glutamylglutamic acid arylamidase are also present. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA is 51 mol%. DNA-DNA homology data and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis provide strong evidence that strains from the animal biotype of P. gingivalis represent a Porphyromonas species that is distinct from P. gingivalis. The type strain of P. gulae is Loup 1T (= ATCC 51700T = NCTC 13180T).
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Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Rhodotorula and related basidiomycetous yeasts inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.
More LessPhylogenetic relationships of basidiomycetous yeasts, especially of the genus Rhodotorula, were studied using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The results demonstrated that the basidiomycetous yeasts under investigation distributed into two main clusters: one containing Tremellales, Filobasidiales and their anamorphs and the other containing Ustilaginales, Sporidiales and their anamorphs. This clustering in turn correlates with cell wall biochemistry, presence or absence of xylose, and septal ultrastructure, dolipore or simple pore. Bullera, Bulleromyces, Filobasidiella, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon, yeasts of the former cluster, contain xylose in the cell wall and have dolipore septa. In contrast yeasts of the latter cluster, which included Bensingtonia, Erythrobasidium, Leucosporidium, Malassezia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces and Ustilago, have no xylose in the cell wall and have a simple pore septum. Yeasts of the latter group could be further divided into four clades (A-D). Species of Rhodotorula were distributed in all of these clades, indicating the polyphyletic nature of the genus. A limited number of Rhodotorula species demonstrated identical sequences, for example Rhodotorula bacarum and Rhodotorula foliorum, Rhodotorula fujisanensis and Rhodotorula futronensis, Rhodotorula glutinis var. dairenensis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. However, all the other test species of the genus Rhodotorula were well separated based on their 396 bp nucleotide sequences. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of cytochrome b sequences for both species identification and the study of phylogenetic relationships among basidiomycetous yeasts.
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Candida cleridarum, Candida tilneyi and Candida powellii, three new yeast species isolated from insects associated with flowers.
More LessThree new asexual yeast species were isolated from various floricolous insects. Candida cleridarum sp. nov. was the dominant species in clerid beetles collected in flowers of various cacti in Arizona and Southern California. The sequence of the D1D2 domains of the large-subunit rDNA showed that it is a sister species to Candida fragi (0.9% base difference), a yeast isolated once from fermenting strawberries. Candida tilneyi sp. nov. and Candida powellii sp. nov. were recovered from bees and from nitidulid beetles in flowers of two species of morning glory (Ipomoea) in north-western Costa Rica. C. tilneyi sp. nov. is most closely related to Candida geochares, but differs in the D1D2 sequence by 4.7% base substitutions. C. powellii sp. nov. is a relative of Candida batistae and Candida floricola, showing sequence differences of 5.9 and 6.9%, respectively. In all cases, the new species are phenotypically similar to their nearest relatives, but are sufficiently different to allow conventional identification. The type strains are C. cleridarum strain UWO(PS) 99-101.1T ( = CBS 8793T), C. tilneyi strain UWO(PS) 99-325.1T ( = CBS 8794T) and C. powellii strain UWO(PS) 99-325.3T ( = CBS 8795T).
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Bensingtonia thailandica sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from plant leaves in Thailand.
More LessTen strains which were characterized by the formation of ballistoconidia, the absence of xylose in whole-cell hydrolysates, the presence of Q-9 as the major ubiquinone isoprenologue, the inability to ferment sugars and positive diazonium blue B and urease reactions were isolated from plant samples collected in Thailand. These isolates were closely related to Bensingtonia phyllada based on the analysis of 18S rDNA sequences. On the basis of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties, the 10 isolates were assigned to the genus Bensingtonia. DNA complementarity showed that these isolates were genetically distinct from known species of the genus Bensingtonia. The isolates are described as Bensingtonia thailandica sp. nov. The type strain is strain TY-138T (= JCM 10651T).
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Candida sorbosivorans sp. nov., a new member of the genus Candida Berkhout.
S A James, C J Bond and I N RobertsA yeast, strain NCYC 2938T, was isolated from contaminated industrial material. This material was involved in a cascade continuous process for oxidizing sorbitol (D-glucitol) to L-sorbose. The isolate is similar, although not identical, to Candida geochares and Candida magnoliae in its physiological characteristics. Sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 variable domain showed that it was similar to those of both Candida species, but differed sufficiently to be considered as a separate species. Both the physiological characteristics and the unique 26S rDNA D1/D2 sequence of NCYC 2938T are described here, and the yeast has been named Candida sorbosivorans sp. nov. The type strain is NCYC 2938T (= CBS 8768T).
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Two new yeasts, Trichosporon debeurmannianum sp. nov. and Trichosporon dermatis sp. nov., transferred from the Cryptococcus humicola complex.
More LessCryptococcus humicola, as currently defined, shows intraspecific rRNA gene sequence differences. Three strains of this species produced arthroconidia on cornmeal agar and belonged to the genus Trichosporon in a molecular phylogeny. They clustered with the species possessing Q10 as the major ubiquinone and were serotype I. Sequence analyses clearly revealed that they were two new Trichosporon species. The names Trichosporon dermatis sp. nov. (= CBS 2043T) and Trichosporon debeurmannianum sp. nov. (= CBS 1896T) are proposed for these strains.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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