- Volume 62, Issue Pt_4, 2012
Volume 62, Issue Pt_4, 2012
- New Taxa
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Brevibacillus aydinogluensis sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from Karakoc hot spring
More LessTwo Gram-positive, moderately thermophilic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated PDF25T and PDF30, were isolated from Karakoc hot spring in the province of Izmir, Turkey, and were characterized in order to determine their phylogenetic positions. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two strains belonged to the genus Brevibacillus ; strain PDF25T showed highest sequence similarity to strain PDF30 (99.4 %) and Brevibacillus thermoruber DSM 7064T (98.5 %). The major fatty acids of strain PDF25T were iso-C15 : 0 (39.30 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (26.10 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (14.75 %). Polar lipid analysis revealed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and a variety of unidentified aminophospholipids, phospholipids and aminolipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.09 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed 58 % relatedness between strain PDF25T and B. thermoruber DSM 7064T. Based on these data, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus , for which the name Brevibacillus aydinogluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PDF25T ( = DSM 24395T = LMG 26289T).
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Lactobacillus xiangfangensis sp. nov., isolated from Chinese pickle
More LessA Gram-positive bacterial strain, 3.1.1T, was isolated from traditional pickle in Heilongjiang Province, China. The bacterium was characterized by a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, pheS gene sequence analysis, rpoA gene sequence analysis, dnaK gene sequence analysis, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, DNA–DNA hybridization and an analysis of phenotypic features. Based upon the data obtained in the present study, a novel species, Lactobacillus xiangfangensis sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain 3.1.1T ( = LMG 26013T = NCIMB 14687T).
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Planococcus plakortidis sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex (Schulze)
More LessA novel coccoid-shaped strain, AS/ASP6 (II)T, was isolated from a sample taken from Plakortis simplex (Schulze), a marine sponge, collected at a depth of 30 m from the Bay of Bengal. This strain was identified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AS/ASP6 (II)T should be assigned to the genus Planococcus . Chemotaxonomic data (A4α-type peptidoglycan; MK-6, MK-7 and MK-8 menaquinones; mainly branched cellular fatty acids; and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as cellular phospholipids) supported taxonomic placement in the genus Planococcus . Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AS/ASP6 (II)T belonged to the genus Planococcus and was closely related to the type strains of Planococcus maritimus (99.1 %) followed by Planococcus rifietoensis (98.6 %), Planococcus maitriensis (98.5 %), Planococcus citreus (98.3 %), Planococcus salinarum (98.1 %), Planococcus columbae (97.9 %), Planococcus donghaensis (97.8 %) and Planococcus antarcticus (97.7 %); DNA–DNA hybridization values obtained were well below the threshold that is required for the proposal of a novel species. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data showed that strain AS/ASP6 (II)T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Planococcus , for which the name Planococcus plakortidis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is AS/ASP6 (II)T ( = MTCC 8491T = DSM 23997T).
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Carboxydocella manganica sp. nov., a thermophilic, dissimilatory Mn(IV)- and Fe(III)-reducing bacterium from a Kamchatka hot spring
More LessA thermophilic, anaerobic, dissimilatory Mn(IV)- and Fe(III)-reducing bacterium (strain SLM 61T) was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring on the Kamchatka peninsula. The cells were straight rods, 0.5–0.6 µm in diameter and 1.0–6.0 µm long, and exhibited tumbling motility by means of peritrichous flagellation. The strain grew at 26–70 °C, with an optimum at 58–60 °C, and at pH 5.5–8.0, with an optimum at pH 6.5. Growth of SLM 61T was observed at 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl, with an optimum at 0.5 % (w/v). The generation time under optimal growth conditions was 40 min. Strain SLM 61T grew and reduced Mn(IV), Fe(III) or nitrate with a number of organic acids and complex proteinaceous compounds as electron donors. It was capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth using molecular hydrogen as an electron donor, Fe(III) but not Mn(IV) or nitrate as an electron acceptor and CO2 as a carbon source. It also was able to ferment pyruvate, yeast extract, glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. The G+C content of DNA of strain SLM 61T was 50.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the closest relative of the isolated organism was Carboxydocella thermautotrophica 41T (96.9 % similarity). On the basis of its physiological properties and phylogenetic analyses, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Carboxydocella manganica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SLM 61T ( = DSM 23132T = VKM B-2609T). C. manganica is the first described representative of the genus Carboxydocella that possesses the ability to reduce metals and does not utilize CO.
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Bacillus daliensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, Gram-positive bacterium isolated from a soda lake
More LessA Gram-positive, alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain DLS13T, was isolated from Dali Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The isolate was able to grow at pH 7.5–11.0 (optimum at pH 9), in 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 2 %, w/v) and at 10–45 °C (optimum at 30 °C). Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming rods with peritrichous flagella. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 43.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DLS13T was a member of the genus Bacillus and most closely related to Bacillus saliphilus DSM 15402T (96.9 % similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain DLS13T and B. saliphilus DSM 15402T was 38.7±1.9 %. Comparative analysis of genotypic and phenotypic features indicated that strain DLS13T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus daliensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is DLS13T ( = CGMCC 1.10369T = JCM 17097T = NBRC 107572T).
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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sudamericanum’, a novel taxon, and strain PassWB-Br4, a new subgroup 16SrIII-V phytoplasma, from diseased passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.)
Symptoms of abnormal proliferation of shoots resulting in formation of witches’-broom growths were observed on diseased plants of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) in Brazil. RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified in PCRs containing template DNAs extracted from diseased plants collected in Bonito (Pernambuco) and Viçosa (Minas Gerais) Brazil, indicated that such symptoms were associated with infections by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas. One phytoplasma, PassWB-Br4 from Bonito, represents a new subgroup, 16SrIII-V, in the X-disease phytoplasma group (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’-related strains). The second phytoplasma, PassWB-Br3 from Viçosa, represents a previously undescribed subgroup in group 16SrVI. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences were consistent with the hypothesis that strain PassWB-Br3 is distinct from previously described ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’ species. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed that strain PassWB-Br3 shared less than 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with previously described ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’ species. The unique properties of its DNA, in addition to natural host and geographical occurrence, support the recognition of strain PassWB-Br3 as a representative of a novel taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sudamericanum’.
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- Proteobacteria
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Myroides phaeus sp. nov., isolated from human saliva, and emended descriptions of the genus Myroides and the species Myroides profundi Zhang et al. 2009 and Myroides marinus Cho et al. 2011
More LessA novel bacterial strain, designated MY15T, was isolated from a saliva sample taken from a student during a teaching experiment in China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain was most closely related to Myroides marinus JS-08T, Myroides odoratimimus LMG 4029T and Myroides profundi D25T with 96.5 %, 96.3 % and 96.1 % gene sequence similarities, respectively, demonstrating that the novel strain belonged to the genus Myroides . Strain MY15T formed pale yellow colonies that turned to brown on Luria–Bertani (LB) agar and that gave off a characteristic fruity odour. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. The new isolate contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the major respiratory quinone and C15 : 0 iso (51.2 %), C17 : 0 iso 3-OH (12.9 %) and C13 : 0 iso (10.5 %) as the dominant fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 34.3 mol%. On the basis of this study, based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain MY15T ( = DSM 23313T = LMG 25566T) represents a novel species of the genus Myroides , for which the name Myroides phaeus sp. nov. is proposed. Emended descriptions of the genus Myroides and of the species M. profundi and M. marinus are also given.
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Sphingobium jiangsuense sp. nov., a 3-phenoxybenzoic acid-degrading bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment system
More LessA non-sporulating, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BA-3T, was isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater treatment facility. The strain was able to degrade about 95 % of 100 mg 3-phenoxybenzoic acid l−1 within 2 days of incubation. Growth occurred in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl], at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain BA-3T was a member of the genus Sphingobium ; it showed highest gene sequence similarity to Sphingobium qiguonii X23T (98.2 %), and similarities of <97.0 % with strains of other Sphingobium species. The polar lipid pattern, the presence of spermidine and ubiquinone Q-10, the predominance of summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) in the cellular fatty acid profile and the DNA G+C content also supported affiliation of the isolate to the genus Sphingobium . Strain BA-3T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness values (21.3±0.8 %) with Sphingobium qiguonii X23T. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain BA-3T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobium , for which the name Sphingobium jiangsuense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is BA-3T ( = CCTCC AB 2010217T = KCTC 23196T = KACC 16433T).
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Marivita hallyeonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Gaetbulicola byunsanensis as Marivita byunsanensis comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Marivita Hwang et al. 2009
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DPG-28T, was isolated from seawater on the southern coast of Korea. Strain DPG-28T grew optimally at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DPG-28T formed a coherent cluster with members of the genera Marivita and Gaetbulicola , with which it exhibited sequence similarity values of 97.8–98.5 %. The DNA G+C content of strain DPG-28T was 65.1 mol%. The predominant ubiquinone of strain DPG-28T was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), consistent with data for the genera Marivita and Gaetbulicola . The cellular fatty acid profiles of strain DPG-28T and the type strains of Marivita cryptomonadis , Marivita litorea and Gaetbulicola byunsanensis were essentially similar in that the common predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c. Major polar lipids found in strain DPG-28T and the type strains of M. cryptomonadis , M. litorea and G. byunsanensis were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. From these data, it is proposed that Gaetbulicola byunsanensis be reclassified as a member of the genus Marivita , for which the name Marivita byunsanensis comb. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SMK-114T ( = CCUG 57612T = KCTC 22632T), and that strain DPG-28T be classified in the genus Marivita . Differential phenotypic properties and genetic distinctiveness of strain DPG-28T demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from M. cryptomonadis , M. litorea and G. byunsanensis . On the basis of the data presented, strain DPG-28T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marivita , for which the name Marivita hallyeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DPG-28T ( = KCTC 23421T = CCUG 60522T). An emended description of the genus Marivita is also provided.
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Tropicibacter multivorans sp. nov., an aerobic alphaproteobacterium isolated from surface seawater
Strain MD5T, an aerobic marine alphaproteobacterium, was isolated from Mediterranean seawater at Malvarrosa beach, Valencia, Spain. The strain was characterized in a polyphasic study and was placed phylogenetically within the Roseobacter clade in the family Rhodobacteraceae . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MD5T is related to Tropicibacter naphthalenivorans C02T, Phaeobacter inhibens T5T, P. gallaeciensis BS107T and P. daeponensis TF-218T, with 96.9, 96.2, 96.1 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that strain MD5T forms a stable clade only with T. naphthalenivorans C02T. Strain MD5T requires Na+ plus a divalent cation (either Mg2+ or Ca2+) to grow, does not reduce nitrate to nitrite and uses a large number of carbohydrates as sole carbon sources. It is positive for β-galactosidase and urease activities and aesculin hydrolysis. Enzyme activities displayed in the API ZYM strip were alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase and α-glucosidase. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 70.9 %) and C16 : 0 (8.2 %). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed clear phenotypic differentiation of this isolate from the only described species of the genus Tropicibacter . It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained that the strain should be classified in a novel species in the genus Tropicibacter . The name Tropicibacter multivorans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain MD5T ( = CECT 7557T = KCTC 23350T).
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Pseudomonas baetica sp. nov., a fish pathogen isolated from wedge sole, Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau)
Five Gram-negative bacterial isolates, recovered from an outbreak that occurred in March 2006 in Huelva, Spain, affecting adult diseased cultured wedge sole [Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau)], were characterized phenotypically and genotypically in order to clarify their taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were included in the genus Pseudomonas , within the Pseudomonas fluorescens -related species group, their closest relatives being the Pseudomonas jessenii and Pseudomonas koreensis subgroups. The highest sequence similarities were recorded with the type strains of Pseudomonas reinekei , P. moorei , P. umsongensis , P. jessenii and P. mohnii (99.4–99.3 % similarity). Sequence analysis of the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD clearly differentiated the isolates from currently described Pseudomonas species, the highest sequence similarities recorded to type strains being below 95 % for both genes. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of the three genes showed Pseudomonas moraviensis DSM 16007T and P. koreensis DSM 16610T as the closest reference strains. DNA–DNA hybridization assays with related strains confirmed that these isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas baetica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain a390T ( = CECT 7720T = LMG 25716T). The novel species could be easily distinguished from phylogenetically related species by several phenotypic characteristics, including gelatin hydrolysis, acid production from glucose and growth at 6 % NaCl. Virulence assays revealed that the novel species is pathogenic for wedge sole.
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Rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov., isolated from tumours on chrysanthemum and cherry plum
More LessThree isolates of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were recovered from galls on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum L.; Ch11T, Ch12) and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera var. divaricata; AL9.3). All three isolates were able to cause crown galls on various plant species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the three isolates were probably identical (100% sequence similarity) and closely related to Rhizobium rubi (99.6 %), Rhizobium radiobacter (98.7 %) and Rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1 %). Similar analysis based on the housekeeping genes glnA, gyrB and rpoB also indicated that the novel isolates were identical and closely related to R. rubi . The major cellular fatty acids of strain Ch11T were C18 : 1ω7c (62.1 %), summed feature 2 (comprising C12 : 0 aldehyde, iso-C16 : 1 I and/or C14 : 0 3-OH; 10.8 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 7.7 %) and C10 : 0 3-OH (7.5 %). However, the DNA–DNA relatedness between Ch11T and R. rubi LMG 156T was only 48 % and, unlike phylogenetically related established Rhizobium species, the novel isolates were able to utilize β-hydroxybutyric acid but not l-fucose. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, the isolates are considered to represent a single novel species of the genus Rhizobium , for which the name Rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Ch11T ( = LMG 26191T = CFBP 7420T).
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Simiduia areninigrae sp. nov., an agarolytic bacterium isolated from sea sand
During a study intended to screen for agar-degrading bacteria, strain M2-5T was isolated from black sand off the shore of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Strain M2-5T exhibited agarase activity; the β-agarase gene of the isolate had 62 % amino acid sequence identity to the β-agarase gene of Microbulbifer thermotolerans JAMB A94T. The isolate was closely related to members of the genus Simiduia but was clearly discernible from reported Simiduia species, based on a polyphasic analysis. Cells of strain M2-5T were Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile rods. The DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c (25.9 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 17.2 %) and C17 : 0 (15.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M2-5T had 96.6 % gene sequence similarity to Simiduia agarivorans SA1T, the most closely related type strain of the genus Simiduia . These results suggest that strain M2-5T represents a novel species in the genus Simiduia , for which the name Simiduia areninigrae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M2-5T ( = KCTC 23293T = NCAIM B 02424T).
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Methylobacterium cerastii sp. nov., isolated from the leaf surface of Cerastium holosteoides
More LessTwo Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming, rod-like strains, designated C15T and C44, were isolated from the phyllosphere of Cerastium holosteoides and were studied in detail in order to assess their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis allocated both isolates clearly to the genus Methylobacterium . Both strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Methylobacterium marchantiae JT1T (97.5 %) and Methylobacterium jeotgali S2R03-9T (97.4 %). The fatty acid profiles contained major amounts of C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (summed feature 3), which supported the grouping of the isolates in the genus Methylobacterium . Physiological/biochemical characterization and DNA–DNA hybridizations with the type strains of the most closely related species allowed a clear phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of the strains. For this reason, we propose for strain C15T ( = DSM 23679T = CCUG 60040T = CCM 7788T) a novel species with the name Methylobacterium cerastii sp. nov. Strain C44 ( = DSM 23675 = CCM 7789) is an additional strain of M. cerastii.
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Ruegeria halocynthiae sp. nov., isolated from the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi
A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated MA1-6T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea, and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Strain MA1-6T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MA1-6T fell within the clade comprising Ruegeria species and exhibited 95.3–96.5 % similarity to the type strains of recognized Ruegeria species. Strain MA1-6T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid, which is consistent with data for Ruegeria species. The major polar lipids detected in strain MA1-6T and Ruegeria atlantica KCTC 12424T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MA1-6T was 58.6 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain MA1-6T can be distinguished from recognized Ruegeria species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MA1-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria , for which the name Ruegeria halocynthiae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MA1-6T ( = KCTC 23463T = CCUG 60744T).
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Roseovarius halocynthiae sp. nov., isolated from the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi
A Gram-negative, motile, ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated MA1-10T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea, Korea. Strain MA1-10T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain MA1-10T clustered with Roseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T, with which it exhibited 97.1 % sequence similarity, at a bootstrap resampling value of 96.2 %. It exhibited 93.3–95.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of other recognized Roseovarius species. Strain MA1-10T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid, which is consistent with data for the genus Roseovarius . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain MA1-10T was 55.4 mol%. Mean DNA–DNA relatedness between strain MA1-10T and R. crassostreae DSM 16950T was 13 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain MA1-10T could be distinguished from all recognized Roseovarius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain MA1-10T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius , for which the name Roseovarius halocynthiae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MA1-10T ( = KCTC 23462T = CCUG 60745T).
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Erwinia typographi sp. nov., isolated from bark beetle (Ips typographus) gut
More LessGram-negative-staining bacteria that were resistant to monoterpene myrcene (7-methyl-3-methylene-1.6-octadiene, C10H16, at concentrations of up to 10 µl ml−1 in TSB) were isolated from the gut contents of adult bark beetles Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). The beetles were collected from the bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Lithuania. Bark beetles feed on conifers, which produce myrcene among many other defensive compounds. It has been suggested that the micro-organisms present within the beetles’ guts could be involved in their resistance towards this plant defensive compound. The most resistant bacterial strains were isolated and characterized by phenotypic assays as well as fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) based on the rpoB, atpD and infB genes and DNA–DNA hybridization. Biochemical characterization indicated that the bacteria belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae . Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and MLSA of the novel strains revealed that they belonged to the genus Erwinia , but represented a novel species. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo. The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol%. The results obtained in this study indicated that these bacteria from the bark beetle gut represented a novel species, for which the name Erwinia typographi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DSM 22678T ( = Y1T = LMG 25347T).
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Phenylobacterium muchangponense sp. nov., isolated from beach soil, and emended description of the genus Phenylobacterium
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated strain A8T, was isolated from the beach soil of Muchangpo, Korea. Cells were rod-shaped (0.5–0.6×0.7–1.3 µm) and colonies were colourless, circular with entire edges and had a glistening surface. The isolate grew optimally at 25–35 °C and did not require NaCl for growth. Strain A8T could not assimilate acetate, dl-lactate, succinate, antipyrine or chloridazon, but weakly assimilated l-phenylalanine. Major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c/ω9t/ω12t), C16 : 0 and summed feature 4 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/ iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that strain A8T belonged to the family Caulobacteraceae , class Alphaproteobacteria and was most closely related to type strains of members of the genus Phenylobacterium (95.7–97.1 % similarity). Signature nucleotides and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence also suggested that strain A8T was affiliated with the genus Phenylobacterium . Low DNA–DNA relatedness values (3.0±1.8–11.5±3.2 %) indicated that strain A8T represented a distinct species that was separated from other type strains in the genus Phenylobacterium . On the basis of evidence from a polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain A8T ( = KACC 15042T = LMG 25973T) represents the type strain of a novel species, Phenylobacterium muchangponense sp. nov. An emended description of the genus Phenylobacterium is also presented.
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- Bacteroidetes
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Flavobacterium yonginense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium myungsuense sp. nov., isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake
More LessTwo non-motile, Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterial strains designated HMD1001T and HMD1033T were isolated from the water of a mesotrophic artificial lake in Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains could be assigned to the genus Flavobacterium ; strain HMD1001T appeared most closely related to Flavobacterium fluvii H7T (96.8 % sequence similarity), F. succinicans DSM 4002T (96.6 %) and F. hydatis DSM 2063T (96.6 %) whereas strain HMD1033T appeared most closely related to Flavobacterium psychrolimnae LMG 2201T (96.2 %), F. segetis AT1048T (96.2 %) and F. weaverense AT1042T (96.2 %). The major fatty acids of strain HMD1001T were iso-C15 : 0 (21.5 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 18.0 %) and iso-C15 : 1 G (7.6 %), whereas those of HMD1033T were summed feature 3 (23.8 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (16.9 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.3 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (12.1 %). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains HMD1001T and HMD1033T were 35.9 and 32.2 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence indicates that strains HMD1001T and HMD1033T represent two novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the names Flavobacterium yonginense sp. nov. (type strain HMD1001T = KCTC 22796T = CECT 7594T) and Flavobacterium myungsuense sp. nov. (type strain HMD1033T = KCTC 22825T = CECT 7649T) are proposed.
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Chryseobacterium vietnamense sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
Zhikun Li and Honghui ZhuA Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated GIMN1.005T, was isolated from a forest soil sample in Vietnam. The isolate was yellow-pigmented, strictly aerobic, and unable to grow below 5 °C or above 37 °C and in the presence of more than 2.0 % NaCl. Cells were non-motile, non-gliding and non-spore-forming. The yellow pigment was of the flexirubin type, non-diffusible and non-fluorescent. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GIMN1.005T occupied a distinct lineage within the genus Chryseobacterium , with sequence similarity values of 98.6, 98.5 and 98.3 % to Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense KCTC 12894T, Chryseobacterium jejuense KACC 12501T and Chryseobacterium indologenes GIFU 1347T, respectively. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain GIMN1.005T and C. jejuense KACC 12501T was <30 %. The DNA G+C content of strain GIMN1.005T was 42.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c); menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the sole respiratory quinone. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain GIMN1.005T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium vietnamense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GIMN1.005T ( = CCTCC M 209230T = NRRL B-59550T).
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