- Volume 63, Issue Pt_4, 2013
Volume 63, Issue Pt_4, 2013
- New Taxa
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Weissella oryzae sp. nov., isolated from fermented rice grains
A taxonomic study was conducted on two Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, irregular short-rod-shaped or coccoid lactic acid bacteria, designated strains SG25T and SG23, that were isolated from grains of fermented Japanese rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica). A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data clearly showed that the strains belonged to the genus Weissella and were most closely related to Weissella soli LMG 20113T (with a sequence similarity of 96.9 % for each novel strain). The peptidoglycan of each strain contained the amino acids glutamic acid, lysine, serine and alanine in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 1.2 : 0.5 : 3.0, respectively. On the basis of the unusual phenotypic characteristics of the novel strains and the low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness recorded between each novel strain and Weissella soli JCM 12536T, strains SG25T and SG23 represent a single novel species in the genus Weissella , for which the name Weissella oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG25T ( = JCM 18191T = DSM 25784T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Acinetobacter nectaris sp. nov. and Acinetobacter boissieri sp. nov., isolated from floral nectar of wild Mediterranean insect-pollinated plants
More LessThe taxonomic status of 14 strains of members of the genus Acinetobacter isolated from floral nectar of wild Mediterranean insect-pollinated plants, which did not belong to any previously described species within this genus, was investigated following a polyphasic approach. Confirmation that these strains formed two separate lineages within the genus Acinetobacter was obtained from comparative analysis of the partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the gene encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB), DNA–DNA reassociation data, determination of the DNA G+C content and physiological tests. The names Acinetobacter nectaris sp. nov. and Acinetobacter boissieri sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of A. nectaris sp. nov. is SAP 763.2T ( = LMG 26958T = CECT 8127T) and that of A. boissieri sp. nov. is SAP 284.1T ( = LMG 26959T = CECT 8128T).
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Azorhizobium oxalatiphilum sp. nov., and emended description of the genus Azorhizobium
More LessA Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming rod, designated NS12T, was isolated from macerated petioles of Rumex sp. after enrichment with oxalate. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain NS12T was phylogenetically related to the genera Azorhizobium and Xanthobacter in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strain NS12T was most closely related to Azorhizobium doebereinerae BR 5401T and Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571T (98.3 and 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). Membership of the genus Xanthobacter was excluded by phenotypic characterization. The whole-cell fatty acid compositions of the isolate was typical of members of the genus Azorhizobium with C18 : 1ω7c, cyclo-C19 : 0ω8c, 11-methyl-C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as the main components. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain NS12T from the two members of the genus Azorhizobium . Therefore it is concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Azorhizobium , for which the name Azorhizobium oxalatiphilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NS12T ( = DSM 18749T = CCM 7897T). The description of the genus Azorhizobium is also emended.
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Dokdonella immobilis sp. nov., isolated from a batch reactor for the treatment of triphenylmethane dye effluent
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, non-endospore-forming, non-flagellated, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain LM2-5T, was isolated from activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor used for the treatment of triphenylmethane dye effluent. The taxonomy of strain LM2-5T was studied by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic methods. Strain LM2-5T was aerobic, heterotrophic and positive for oxidase but negative for catalase activity. It grew at 16–37 °C (optimum 25 °C) and at pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum between pH 6.5 and pH 7.0). NaCl was not obligatory for growth but was tolerated at concentrations up to 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The novel strain formed yellow colonies on trypticase soy agar. Cells of strain LM2-5T were rods that measured 0.3–0.5 µm in width and 3.0–5.0 µm in length. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.7 mol%. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain LM2-5T clustered with members of the genus Dokdonella and appeared most closely related to Dokdonella koreensis DS-123T (96.4 % sequence similarity), Dokdonella fugitiva A3T (96.1 %), Dokdonella soli KIS28-6T (95.7 %) and Dokdonella ginsengisoli Gsoil 191T (95.7 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain LM2-5T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Dokdonella , for which the name Dokdonella immobilis is proposed. The type strain is LM2-5T ( = CGMCC 1.7659T = JCM 15763T).
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Dokdonella kunshanensis sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge, and emended description of the genus Dokdonella
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming rod, designated DC-3T, was isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DC-3T belonged to the family Xanthomonadaceae and formed a lineage within the genus Dokdonella . Strain DC-3T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Dokdonella soli KIS28-6T (97.1 %) and Dokdonella fugitiva A3T (97.1 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 1ω9c (31.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.6 %), iso-C16 : 0 (21.3 %), iso-C17 : 0 (13.1 %) and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH (6.5 %), which supported the affiliation of strain DC-3T with the genus Dokdonella . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain DC-3T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours was <30 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DC-3T from the recognized species of the genus Dokdonella . On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain DC-3T represents a novel species of the genus Dokdonella , for which the name Dokdonella kunshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DC-3T ( = CCTCC AB 2011179T = KACC 16511T). The description of the genus Dokdonella is also emended.
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Erythrobacter jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CNU001T, was isolated from seawater collected on the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The temperature, pH and NaCl ranges for growth were 10–30 °C, pH 6.0–10.0 and 2.0–5.0 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CNU001T belonged to the genus Erythrobacter in the family Erythrobacteraceae , with Erythrobacter longus DSM 6997T (96.6 % sequence similarity), Erythrobacter gaetbuli SW-161T (96.3 %), Erythrobacter vulgaris 022 2-10T (96.2 %), Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis T30T (96.1 %) and other members of the genus Erythrobacter (<96.0 %) identified as the novel strain’s closest relatives. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and C17 : 1ω6c. The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and six other unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (UQ-10) and the genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 58.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain CNU001T represents a novel species within the genus Erythrobacter , for which the name Erythrobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CNU001T ( = KCTC 23090T = JCM 16677T).
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Gemmobacter tilapiae sp. nov., a poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating bacterium isolated from a freshwater pond
More LessA novel bacterium, designated strain Ruye-53T, was isolated from a freshwater pond used to rear tilapiine cichlid fish in Taiwan. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain Ruye-53T was Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, cream–white coloured, rod-shaped, non-motile and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum between 20 and 25 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum between pH 8.0 and pH 9.0) and with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ruye-53T belonged to the genus Gemmobacter and that its most closely related neighbour was Gemmobacter aquatilis DSM 3857T (97.6 % sequence similarity). The novel strain’s predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c, its major respiratory quinone was Q-10 and its genomic DNA G+C content was 61.2 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, one uncharacterized aminolipid and four uncharacterized phospholipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain Ruye-53T and Gemmobacter aquatilis DSM 3857T was about 45.5 % (48.2±0.4 % in the reciprocal experiment). On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Ruye-53T represents a novel species in the genus Gemmobacter , for which the name Gemmobacter tilapiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ruye-53T ( = BCRC 80261T = KCTC 23310T).
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Humitalea rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium of the family Acetobacteraceae isolated from soil
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, pale-pink-pigmented, non-motile, obligately aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain W37T, was isolated from soil and subjected to a taxonomic investigation using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew at 1–30 °C, oxidized thiosulfate and accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates. Photosynthetic pigments were represented by bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain W37T was most closely related to members of the genera Roseococcus and Rubritepida (with sequence similarities of <92.8 %) but formed a distinct lineage in the family Acetobacteraceae . The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified aminolipids and one other unidentified lipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The DNA G+C content of strain W37T was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain W37T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Acetobacteraceae , for which the name Humitalea rosea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is W37T ( = CIP 110261T = LMG 26243T).
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Iodobacter limnosediminis sp. nov., isolated from Arctic lake sediment
A Gram-reaction-negative, motile, non-violet-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated E1T, was isolated from Arctic lake sediment. Growth occurred at 4 °C–28 °C (optimum, 18 °C), at pH 4–11(optimum, 9–10) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. The taxonomic position of E1T was analysed using a polyphasic approach. Strain E1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 98.1 % with respect to the type strain of Iodobacter fluviatilis , but no more than 93 % with the type strains of other recognized species. A further DNA–DNA hybridization experiment was conducted, which demonstrated unambiguously that strain E1T was distinct from I. fluviatilis ATCC 33051T (51.3 % relatedness). The DNA G+C content of strain E1T was 52.3 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [Q-8 as the monospecific respiratory quinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 56.1 %) and C16 : 0 (18.8 %) as the major cellular fatty acids] supported the affiliation of strain E1T to the genus Iodobacter . However, the results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain E1T from I. fluviatilis ATCC 33051T. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain E1T represents a novel species of genus Iodobacter, for which the name Iodobacter limnosediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E1T ( = CCTCC AB 2010224T = NRRL B-59456T).
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Limimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic bacterium in the family Rhodospirillaceae
A novel, Gram-staining-negative, non-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, extremely halophilic bacterium, designated strain IA16T, was isolated from the mud of the hypersaline Lake Aran-Bidgol, in Iran. Cells of strain IA16T were not motile. Growth occurred with 2.5–5.2 M NaCl (optimum 3.4 M), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and at 30–50 °C (optimum 40 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IA16T belonged in the family Rhodospirillaceae and that its closest relatives were Rhodovibrio sodomensis DSM 9895T (91.6 % sequence similarity), Rhodovibrio salinarum NCIMB 2243T (91.2 %), Pelagibius litoralis CL-UU02T (88.9 %) and Fodinicurvata sediminis YIM D82T (88.7 %). The novel strain’s major cellular fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω7c and C18 : 0 and its polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and two other unidentified lipids. The cells of strain IA16T contained the ubiquinone Q-10. The G+C content of the novel strain’s genomic DNA was 67.0 mol%. The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic differences between strain IA16T and other previously described taxa indicate that the strain represents a novel species in a new genus within the family Rhodospirillaceae , for which the name Limimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Limimonas halophila is IA16T ( = IBRC-M 10018T = DSM 25584T).
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Loktanella cinnabarina sp. nov., isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment, and emended description of the genus Loktanella
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic and salt-tolerant bacterium, designated strain LL-001T, was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment in Japanese waters. Cells were non-motile rods and colonies were smooth, convex, circular and vermilion. The conditions for growth were 15–35 °C, pH 5.5–7.5 and 1–8 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain LL-001T belonged to the genus Loktanella within the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria . 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain LL-001T and members of the genus Loktanella was 94.5–98.5 %; the highest sequence similarity was with Loktanella hongkongensis UST950701-009PT. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain LL-001T and L. hongkongensis UST950701-009PT was 41.5–43.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain LL-001T was 69.3 mol%. On the basis of biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain LL-001T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella , for which the name Loktanella cinnabarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LL-001T ( = JCM 18161T = CECT 8072T). The description of the genus Loktanella is also emended.
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Luteimonas vadosa sp. nov., isolated from seashore sediment
An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain KMM 9005T was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 9005T belonged to the genus Luteimonas and was most closely related to Luteimonas cucumeris KCTC 23627T (96.5 % sequence similarity) and Luteimonas aquatica LMG 24212T (96.1 % sequence similarity). Strain KMM 9005T was characterized by the presence of thin fimbriae, the major ubiquinone Q-8, by the predominance of iso-C17 : 1 followed by iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 in its fatty acid profile, weak hydrolytic capacity and the inability to assimilate most organic substrates. Based on these distinctive phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain KMM 9005T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas , for which the name Luteimonas vadosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 9005T ( = NRIC 0881T = JCM 18392T).
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Massilia yuzhufengensis sp. nov., isolated from an ice core
A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, motile bacterium, strain Y1243-1T, was isolated from an ice core drilled from Yuzhufeng Glacier, Tibetan Plateau, China. Cells had polar flagella. The novel strain shared 94.7–97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of species of the genus Massilia . The novel isolate is thus classified in the genus Massilia . The major fatty acids of strain Y1243-1T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) (43.98 %), C16 : 0 (27.86 %), C10 : 0 3-OH (7.10 %), C18 : 0 (6.95 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (5.01 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain Y1243-1T was 65.7 mol% (T m). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished the novel isolate from the type strains of recognized Massilia species. Furthermore, in DNA–DNA hybridization tests, strain Y1243-1T shared 45 % relatedness with its closest phylogenetic relative, Massilia consociata CCUG 58010T. From the genotypic and phenotypic data, it is evident that strain Y1243-1T represents a novel species of the genus Massilia , for which the name Massilia yuzhufengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y1243-1T ( = KACC 16569T = CGMCC 1.12041T).
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Metallibacterium scheffleri gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkalinizing gammaproteobacterium isolated from an acidic biofilm
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, acid-tolerant rod, designated strain DKE6T, was isolated from an acidic biofilm (pH 2.5) harvested in the pyrite mine Drei Kronen und Ehrt in Germany. The isolate grew optimally at pH 5.5, between 25 and 30 °C and only with casein as the carbon and energy source; although a variety of sugars were tested as growth substrates, none supported growth of the isolate. During casein consumption, strain DKE6T produced ammonium, which led to an alkalinization of the medium. This is a possible strategy to raise the pH in the direct vicinity of the cell and hence modulate the pH towards the growth optimum. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content was 66.6 %. Strain DKE6T was not able to oxidize iron or thiosulfate. Iron reduction was detected. The isolate showed 93.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the most closely related cultivable strain, Dokdonella koreensis DS-123T, but <93.2 % sequence similarity with other type strains of closely related type species of the Gammaproteobacteria . On the basis of physiological and biochemical data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the class Gammaproteobacteria , for which we propose the name Metallibacterium scheffleri gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is DKE6T ( = DSM 24874T = JCM 17596T).
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Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments
More LessTwo novel Gram-stain-negative, chemoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacteria, strains GY2T and SPO729T, were isolated from a tidal flat at Gwangyang Bay in Korea and a marine sponge sample from the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The two strains were halotolerant, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rods. Optimum temperature and pH for growth of both strains were observed to be 35 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, but optimum salinity for strain SPO729T [2–3 % (w/v)] was slightly higher than that for strain GY2T (1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C11 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains GY2T and SPO729T were 55.1 and 57.9 mol%, respectively, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone from the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains GY2T and SPO729T formed tight phyletic lineages with members of the genus Microbulbifer . Strain GY2T was closely related to Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T (98.2 %), strain SPO729T (98.0 %) and Microbulbifer donghaiensis CN85T (97.0 %); strain SPO729T was closely related to M. okinawensis ABABA23T (98.3 %) and M. donghaiensis CN85T (98.2 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain GY2T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T, strain SPO729T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 40.0±2.1 %, 13.1±3.9 % and 16.2±5.8 %, respectively, whereas those of strain SPO729T with M. okinawensis ABABA23T and M. donghaiensis CN85T were 48.0±4.0 % and 34.6±9.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular features, it is concluded that the two strains GY2T and SPO729T represent two novel species of the genus Microbulbifer , for which the names Microbulbifer gwangyangensis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer pacificus are proposed; the type strains are GY2T ( = KACC 16189T = JCM 17800T) and SPO729T ( = KCCM 42667T = JCM 14507T), respectively.
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Neisseria oralis sp. nov., isolated from healthy gingival plaque and clinical samples
A polyphasic analysis was undertaken of seven independent isolates of Gram-negative cocci collected from pathological clinical samples from New York, Louisiana, Florida and Illinois and healthy subgingival plaque from a patient in Virginia, USA. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity among these isolates was 99.7–100 %, and the closest species with a validly published name was Neisseria lactamica (96.9 % similarity to the type strain). DNA–DNA hybridization confirmed that these isolates are of the same species and are distinct from their nearest phylogenetic neighbour, N. lactamica . Phylogenetic analysis of 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel species belongs in the genus Neisseria . The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C18 : 1ω7c. The cellular fatty acid profile, together with other phenotypic characters, further supports the inclusion of the novel species in the genus Neisseria . The name Neisseria oralis sp. nov. (type strain 6332T = DSM 25276T = LMG 26725T) is proposed.
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Paracoccus limosus sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment plant
More LessTwo strains of Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated NB88T and LNB004, were isolated from activated sludge in the Mae-san sewage treatment plant in South Korea. They were characterized in a polyphasic taxonomic study based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic approaches. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains NB88T and LNB004 represented a novel subline within the genus Paracoccus in the family Rhodobacteraceae . According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strains NB88T and LNB004 were indistinguishable and showed 94.5–97.6 % similarity to the type strains of other Paracoccus species. Strain NB88T exhibited relatively high levels of DNA hybridization (84±3.5 %) with LNB004 and low hybridization values (<40 %) with type strains of other Paracoccus species. Both strains showed chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Paracoccus , with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid, and both strains accumulated poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules. The DNA G+C contents of strains NB88T and LNB004 were 66.4 and 65.1 mol%, respectively. The polar lipid profiles of strains NB88T and LNB004 included major amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown aminolipid. The taxonomic position of strains NB88T and LNB004 was clarified by the low level of DNA–DNA hybridization with closely related strains and the strains could be distinguished from other recognized species by using biochemical tests and molecular genetic analysis. On the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic properties and their phylogenetic distinctiveness, strains NB88T and LNB004 should be classified in a novel species of the genus Paracoccus , for which the name Paracoccus limosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NB88T ( = KEMC 5401-184T = JCM 17370T); strain LNB004 ( = KEMC 5401-001) is a reference strain.
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Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis gen. nov., sp. nov., a myxobacterium isolated from an estuarine marsh
A myxobacterial strain, designated SYR-2T, was obtained from a mud sample from an estuarine marsh alongside the Yoshino River, Shikoku, Japan. It had rod-shaped vegetative cells and formed bacteriolytic enlarging colonies or so-called ‘swarms’ in the agar media. Fruiting-body-like globular to polyhedral cell aggregates and myxospore-like spherical to ellipsoidal cells within them were observed. Those features coincided with the general characteristics of myxobacteria. The strain was mesophilic and strictly aerobic. Growth of SYR-2T was observed at 18–40 °C (optimum, 30–35 °C), pH 5.5–8.3 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and with 0.0–2.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.2–1.0 %). Both Mg2+ and Ca2+ were essential cations for the growth. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (43.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 (22.4 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (9.6 %). A C20 : 4 fatty acid [arachidonic acid (4.3 %)], iso-C19 : 0 (1.5 %) and anteiso-acids [ai-C15 : 0 (0.5 %), ai-C17 : 0 (0.3 %)] were also detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 69.7 mol%. The strain contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SYR-2T belonged to the suborder Nannocystineae , order Myxococcales in the class Deltaproteobacteria , and the strain was most closely related to two type strains of marine myxobacteria, Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1T and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1T, with 96.5 % and 96.0 % similarities, respectively. These characteristics determined in this polyphasic study suggested that strain SYR-2T represents a novel species in a new genus of myxobacteria. The name Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this isolate, and the type strain of Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis is SYR-2T ( = NBRC 104351T = DSM 21377T).
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Pseudorhodobacter wandonensis sp. nov., isolated from wood falls, and emended description of the genus Pseudorhodobacter
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated WT-MW11T, was isolated from wood falls on the coast of Wando, an island of South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain WT-MW11T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Bacteriochlorophyll a was not produced. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WT-MW11T clustered with Pseudorhodobacter ferrugineus IAM 12616T and Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris HDW-19T, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.9 and 95.5 %, respectively. Strain WT-MW11T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain WT-MW11T was similar to those of P. ferrugineus JCM 20687T and P. aquimaris HDW-19T. The DNA G+C content of strain WT-MW11T was 61.6 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with P. ferrugineus JCM 20687T was 12.3 %. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain WT-MW11T was distinguishable from the two recognized species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain WT-MW11T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter , for which the name Pseudorhodobacter wandonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WT-MW11T ( = KCTC 23672T = CCUG 61506T). The description of the genus Pseudorhodobacter is emended.
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Rheinheimera tilapiae sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater culture pond
More LessA bacterial strain designated Ruye-90T was isolated from a freshwater tilapiine cichlid fish culture pond in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain Ruye-90T was Gram-negative, aerobic, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at 4–30 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0–9.0) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ruye-90T belonged to the genus Rheinheimera and its most closely related neighbour was Rheinheimera tangshanensis JA3-B52T with sequence similarity of 97.5 %. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 41.3 %), C16 : 0 (19.3 %), C18 : 1ω7c (8.4 %) and C12 : 0 3-OH (7.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.0 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, aminolipid and two uncharacterized phospholipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain Ruye-90T with respect to recognized members of the genus Rheinheimera was less than 70 %. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Ruye-90T represents a novel species in the genus Rheinheimera , for which the name Rheinheimera tilapiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ruye-90T ( = LMG 26339T = BCRC 80263T = KCTC 23315T).
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