1887

Abstract

A comparison of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences showed that strains classified as are not closely related to other species of , including the type species, , for example, is more closely related to than is. Therefore, we propose that strains be renamed as members of a new genus, . An analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence data revealed that there are two species within this new genus. Isolates from rumina are placed in ; the type strain is strain S85 (= ATCC 19169). Isolates from ceca of nonruminant animals are placed in ; the type strain is strain NR9 (= ATCC 43854). Members of can be differentiated from by their requirement for biotin; the site of isolation may not be diagnostic. consists of two subspecies; the cells of subsp. strains are broad rods that are often pleomorphic and coccoid (type strain, S85), whereas cells of subsp. are slender rods (type strain, HM2 [= ATCC 43856]).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-38-4-430
1988-10-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/38/4/ijsem-38-4-430.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-38-4-430&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bauchop T., Martucci R. W. 1968; Ruminant-like digestion of the langur monkey. Science 161:698–700
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Begbie R., Stewart C. S. 1984; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Bacteroides succinogenes. Can. J. Microbiol. 30:863–866
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brosius J., Palmer J. L., Kennedy J. P., Noller H. F. 1978; Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:48014805
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown J. F., Balish E. 1978; Gastrointestinal microecology of BALB/c nude mice. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:144–159
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bryant M. P., Doetsch R. N. 1954; A study of actively cellulolytic rod-shaped bacteria of the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 37:1176–1183
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M., Chu H. 1959; Observations on the nutrition of Bacteroides succinogenes—a ruminal cellulolytic bacterium. J. Dairy Sci. 42:1831–1847
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Carbon P., Ebel J. P., Ehresmann C. 1981; The sequence of the ribosomal 16S RNA from Proteus vulgaris. Sequence comparison with E. coli 16S RNA and its use in secondary model building. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:2325–2333
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cato E. P., Moore W. E. C., Bryant M. P. 1978; Designation of type strains for Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956 and Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28:491–495
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cato E. P., Salmon C. W. 1976; Transfer of Bacteroides clostridiiformis subsp. clostridiiformis (Burri and Ankersmit) Holdeman and Moore and Bacteroides clostridiiformis subsp. girans (Prevot) Holdeman and Moore to the genus Clostridium as Clostridium clostridiiforme (Burri and Ankersmit) comb, nov.: emendation of description and designation of type strain. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26:205–211
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Davies M. E. 1964; Cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the large intestine of the horse. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 27:373–378
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dehority B. A. 1963; Isolation and characterization of several cellulolytic bacteria from in vitro rumen fermentations. J. Dairy Sci. 46:217–222
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dehority B. A. 1969; Pectin-fermenting bacteria isolated from the bovine rumen. J. Bacteriol. 99:189–196
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fritsche D. 1975; Investigations on the structure of the sphingolipids of the genus Bacteroides. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. Reihe A 233:64–71
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Green C. J., Stewart G. C., Hollis M. A., Void B. S., Bott K. F. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis ribosomal RNA operoh, rrnB. Gene 37:261–266
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hungate R. E. 1950; The anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 14:1–49
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hungate R. E. 1959; Microbial fermentation in certain mammals. Science 130:1192–1194
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hungate R. E. 1966 The rumen and its microbes. 38–39 Academic Press, Inc.; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hungate R. E. 1986 Challenges in rumen microbiology. 531539 Milligan L. P., Grovum W. L., Dobson A.ed Control of digestion and metabolism in ruminants PrenticeHall, Inc.; Englewood Cliffs, N.J:
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ifkovits R. W., Ragheb H. S. 1968; Cellular fatty acid composition and identification of rumen bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 16:1406–1413
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kudo H., Cheng K.-J., Costerton J. W. 1987; Interactions between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose. Can. J. Microbiol. 33:244248
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kudo H., Oki Y., Minato H. 1979; Microtus species as laboratory animals. I. Bacterial flora of the esophageal sac of Microtus montebelli fed different rations and its relationship to the cellulolytic bacteria. Bull. Nippon Vet. Zootech. Coll. 28:13–19
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lane D. J., Pace B., Olsen G. J., Stahl D. A., Sogin M., Pace N. R. 1985; Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6955–6959
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lankhorst A., Prins R. A. 1985; Reisolation of Ruminobacter parvum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol. 51:129–137
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Macy J. M., Farrand J. R., Montgomery L. 1982; Cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic bacteria in rat gastronintestinal tracts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:1428–1434
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Martens B., Spiegl H., Stackebrandt E. 1987; Sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Ruminobacter amylophilus: the relation between homology values and similarity coefficients. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 9:224–230
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Miyagawa E., Azuma R., Suto T. 1978; Distribution of sphingolipids in Bacteroides species. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 24:341–348
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Montgomery L., Macy J. M. 1982; Characterization of rat cecum cellulolytic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:14351443
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Moore W. E. C., Johnson J. L., Holdeman L. V. 1976; Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26:238–252
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Olsen G. J., Lane D. J., Giovannoni S. J., Pace N. R., Stahl D. A. 1986; Microbial ecology and evolution: a ribosomal RNA approach. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 40:337–365
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pace B., Matthews E. A., Johnson K. K., Cantor C. R., Pace N. R. 1982; Conserved 5S rRNA complement to tRNA is not required for protein synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:36–40
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Paster B. J., Ludwig W., Weisburg W. G., Stackebrandt E., Hespell R. B., Hahn C. M., Reichenbach H., Stetter K. O., Woese C. R. 1985; A phylogenetic grouping of the bacteroides, cytophagas, and certain flavobacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6:34–42
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Prevot A. R. 1966 Manual for the classification and determination of the anaerobic bacteria. Lea & Febiger; Philadelphia:
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Reddy C. A., Bryant M. P. 1977; Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of certain species of the genus Bacteroides. Can. J. Microbiol. 23:1252–1256
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Romaniuk P. J., Zoltowska B., Trust T. J., Lane D. J., Olsen G. J., Pace N. R., Stahl D. A. 1987; Campylobacter pylori, the spiral bacterium associated with human gastritis, is not a true Campylobacter sp.. J. Bacteriol. 169:2137–2141
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Shah H. N., Collins M. D. 1983; Genus Bacteroides, a chemotaxonomical perspective. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 55:403–416
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Stackebrandt E., Hippe H. 1986; Transfer of Bacteroides amylophilus to a new genus Ruminobacter gen. nov., nom. rev. as Ruminobacter amylophilus comb. nov.. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 8:204–207
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Stahl D. A., Flesher B., Mansfield H. R., Montgomery L. 1988; Use of phylogenetically based hybridization probes for studies of ruminal microbial ecology. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:1079–1084
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Stanton T. B., Canale-Parola E. 1980; Treponema bryantii sp. nov., a rumen spirochete that interacts with cellulolytic bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 127:145–156
    [Google Scholar]
  39. van Gylswyk N. O., van der Toorn J. J. T. K. 1986; Enumeration of Bacteroides succinogenes in the rumen of sheep fed maize-straw diets. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 38:205–209
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Varel V. H., Fryda S. J., Robinson I. M. 1984; Cellulolytic bacteria from pig large intestine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:219–221
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wegner G. H., Foster E. M. 1963; Incorporation of isobutyrate and valerate into cellular plasmalogen by Bacteroides succinogenes. J. Bacteriol. 85:53–61
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Weisburg W. G., Oyaizu Y., Oyaizu H., Woese C. R. 1985; Natural relationship between bacteroides and flavobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 164:230–236
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Williams A. G., Withers S. E. 1982; The production of plant cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes by hemicellulolytic rumen bacterial isolates grown on a range of carbohydrate substrates. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 52:377–387
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51:221271
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Woese C. R., Stackebrandt E., Macke T. J., Fox G. E. 1985; A phylogenetic definition of the major eubacterial taxa. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6:143–151
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Yang D., Oyaizu Y., Oyaizu H., Olsen G. J., Woese C. R. 1985; Mitochondrial origins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4443–4447
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-38-4-430
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-38-4-430
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error