Phylogenetic Position of Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales) Determined by Analysis of Amplified 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequences

References

1. Anderson B. E., Dawson J. E., Jones D. C., Wilson K. H. 1991; Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a new species associated with human ehrlichiosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2838–2842
   [Google Scholar]
2. Barré N., Uilenberg G., Morel P. C., Camus E. 1987; Danger of introducing heartwater onto the American mainland: potential role of indigenous and exotic Ambtyomma ticks. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 54:405–417
   [Google Scholar]
3. Dawson J. E., Anderson B. E., Fishbein D. B., Sanchez J. L., Goldsmith C. S., Wilson K. H., Duntley C. W. 1991; Isolation and characterization of an Ehrlichia sp. from a patient diagnosed with human ehrlichiosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2741–2745
   [Google Scholar]
4. Dawson J. E., Rikihisa Y., Ewing S., Fishbein D. B. 1991; Serologic diagnosis of human ehrlichiosis using two Ehrlichia canis isolates. J. Infect. Dis. 163:564–567
   [Google Scholar]
5. Du Plessis J. L., Camus E., Oberem P. T., Malan L. 1987; Heartwater serology: some problems with the interpretation of results. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 54:327–329
   [Google Scholar]
6. Du Plessis J. L., Fourie N., Nel P. W., Evezard D. N. 1990; Concurrent babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in the dog: blood smear examination supplemented by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using Cowdria ruminantium as antigen. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 57:151–155
   [Google Scholar]
7. Eck R. V., Dayhoff M. O. 1966 Atlas of protein sequence and structure. National Biomedical Research Foundation; Silver Spring, Md:
   [Google Scholar]
8. Felsenstein J. 1985; Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
   [Google Scholar]
9. Fitch W. M., Margoliash E. 1967; Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155:279–284
   [Google Scholar]
10. Jongejan F. 1991; Protective immunity to heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) is acquired after vaccination with in vitro-attenuated rickettsiae. Infect. Immun. 59:729–731
    [Google Scholar]
11. Jongejan F., Bax R., Meddens M. J. M., Quint W. G. V. 1991; Cowdria ruminantium is recognized by a monoclonal antibody directed against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. Vet. Microbiol. 27:115–123
    [Google Scholar]
12. Jongejan F., Uilenberg G., Franssen F. F. J., Gueye A., Nieuwenhuijs J. 1988; Antigenic differences between stocks of Cowdria ruminantium. Res. Vet. Sci. 44:186–189
    [Google Scholar]
13. Jongejan F., Wassink L. A., Thielemans M. J. C., Pené N. M., Uilenberg G. 1989; Serotypes in Cowdria ruminantium and their relationship with Ehrlichia phagocytophila determined by immunofluorescence. Vet. Microbiol. 21:31–40
    [Google Scholar]
14. Jongejan F., Zandbergen T. A., van de Wiel P. A., de Groot M., Uilenberg G. 1991; The tick-borne rickettsia Cowdria ruminantium has a Chlamydia-like developmental cycle. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 58:227–237
    [Google Scholar]
15. Kocan K. M. 1986 Development of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in ixodid ticks: coordinated development of a rickettsial organism and its tick host. 472–505 Sauer J. R., Hair J. A.ed Morphology, physiology and behavioral biology of ticks Ellis Horwood Ltd.; Chichester, England:
    [Google Scholar]
16. Kocan K. M., Bezuidenhout J. D. 1987; Morphology and development of Cowdria ruminantium in Ambtyomma ticks. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 54:177–182
    [Google Scholar]
17. Logan L. L., Holland C. J., Mebus C. A., Ristic M. 1986; Serological relationship between Cowdria ruminantium and certain Ehrlichia. Vet. Rec. 119:458–459
    [Google Scholar]
18. Logan L. L., Whyard T. C., Quintero J. C., Mebus C. A. 1987; The development of Cowdria ruminantium in neutrophils. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 54:197–204
    [Google Scholar]
19. McDade J. E. 1990; Ehrlichiosis—a disease of animals and humans. J. Infect. Dis. 161:609–617
    [Google Scholar]
20. Neefs J. M., Van de Peer Y., Hendriks L., de Wachter R. 1990; Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:2237–2317
    [Google Scholar]
21. Rikihisa Y. 1991; The tribe Ehrlichieae and ehrlichial diseases. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 4:286–308
    [Google Scholar]
22. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; A neighbour-joining method: a new method for constructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 44:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
23. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual, 2nd. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y:
    [Google Scholar]
24. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3608–3612
    [Google Scholar]
25. Smith R. D., Sells D. M., Stephenson E. H., Ristic M., Huxsoll D. L. 1976; Development of Ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis, in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its differentiation from a symbiotic rickettsia. Am. J. Vet. Res. 37:119–126
    [Google Scholar]
26. Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1973 Numeral taxonomy W. H. Freeman; San Francisco:
    [Google Scholar]
27. Tartof K. D., Hobbs C. A. 1987; Improved media for growing plasmid and cosmid clones. Bethesda Res. Lab. Focus 9:12
    [Google Scholar]
28. Uilenberg G. 1983; Heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection): current status. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 27:427–480
    [Google Scholar]
29. Uilenberg G. 1990; Extension de la tique Ambtyomma variegatum dans les Antilles: comment expliquer cette grave menace et que faire?. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 43:297–299
    [Google Scholar]
30. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. 1991; 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J. Bacteriol. 173:697–703
    [Google Scholar]
31. Weisburg W. G., Dobson M. E., Samuel J. E., Dasch G. A., Mallavia L. P., Baca O., Mandelco L., Sechrest J. E., Weiss E., Woese C. R. 1989; Phylogenetic diversity of the rickettsiae. J. Bacteriol. 171:4202–4206
    [Google Scholar]
32. Weisburg W. G., Hatch T. P., Woese C. R. 1986; Eubacterial origin of the chlamydiae. J. Bacteriol. 167:570–574
    [Google Scholar]
33. Weiss E., Moulder J. W. 1984 Order I. Rickettsiales Gieszczkiewicz 1939, 25^AL. 687–729 Krieg N. R., Holt J. G.ed Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology 1 The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
34. Williams J. F. 1989; PCR questions and answers. Amplifications 3:19
    [Google Scholar]
35. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
36. Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. 1985; Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mpl8 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 33:103–119
    [Google Scholar]