1887

Abstract

A bacterial strain designated LTC-2 was isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain LTC-2 were Gram-reaction-negative, facultatively anaerobic, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, motile by means of a monopolar flagellum, non-spore-forming, slightly curved rods surrounded by a thick capsule and formed creamy white colonies. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and with 0–1.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant fatty acids were Cω7, summed feature 3 (comprising Cω7 and/or Cω6) and C. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, two uncharacterized phospholipids and two uncharacterized aminophospholipids. The major polyamines were putrescine, homospermidine and spermidine. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LTC-2 forms a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera in the family , most closely related to the genera and , and the levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to the type species of related genera were less than 94 %. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain LTC-2 represents a novel genus and species of the family , for which the name gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LTC-2 ( = BCRC 80445 = LMG 26999 = KCTC 32017).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.055145-0
2013-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/63/12/4797.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.055145-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. An H., Zhang L., Tang Y., Luo X., Sun T., Li Y., Wang Y., Dai J., Fang C. ( 2009 ). Skermanella xinjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 15311534. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anzai Y., Kudo Y., Oyaizu H. ( 1997 ). The phylogeny of the genera Chryseomonas, Flavimonas, and Pseudomonas supports synonymy of these three genera. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 249251. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beveridge T. J., Lawrence J. R., Murray R. G. E. ( 2007 ). Sampling and staining for light microscopy. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, , 3rd edn., pp. 1933. Edited by Reddy C. A., Beveridge T. J., Breznak J. A., Marzluf G. A., Schmidt T. M., Snyder L. R. . Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bowman J. P. ( 2000 ). Description of Cellulophaga algicola sp. nov., isolated from the surfaces of Antarctic algae, and reclassification of Cytophaga uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichenbach 1989 as Cellulophaga uliginosa comb. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 18611868.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Breznak J. A., Costilow R. N. ( 2007 ). Physicochemical factors in growth. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, , 3rd edn., pp. 309329. Edited by Reddy C. A., Beveridge T. J., Breznak J. A., Marzluf G. A., Schmidt T. M., Snyder L. R. . Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Busse H. J., Auling G. ( 1988 ). Polyamine pattern as chemotaxonomic marker within the Proteobacteria . . Syst Appl Microbiol 11, 18. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Busse H. J., Bunka S., Hensel A., Lubitz W. ( 1997 ). Discrimination of members of the family Pasteurellaceae based on polyamine patterns. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 698708. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen W. M., Laevens S., Lee T. M., Coenye T., De Vos P., Mergeay M., Vandamme P. ( 2001 ). Ralstonia taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Mimosa species and sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 17291735. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Coenye T., Goris J., Spilker T., Vandamme P., LiPuma J. J. ( 2002 ). Characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of Inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov.. J Clin Microbiol 40, 20622069. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cole J. R., Wang Q., Cardenas E., Fish J., Chai B., Farris R. J., Kulam-Syed-Mohideen A. S., McGarrell D. M., Marsh T. & other authors ( 2009 ). The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis. . Nucleic Acids Res 37 (Database issue), D141D145. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Collins M. D. ( 1985 ). Isoprenoid quinone analysis in classification and identification. . In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 267287. Edited by Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E. . London:: Academic Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dong C., Lai Q., Chen L., Sun F., Shao Z., Yu Z. ( 2010 ). Oceanibaculum pacificum sp. nov., isolated from hydrothermal field sediment of the south-west Pacific Ocean. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60, 219222. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Eckert B., Weber O. B., Kirchhof G., Halbritter A., Stoffels M., Hartmann A. ( 2001 ). Azospirillum doebereinerae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with the C4-grass Miscanthus . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1726.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Embley T. M., Wait R. ( 1994 ). Structural lipids of eubacteria. . In Chemical Methods in Prokaryotic Systematics, pp. 121161. Edited by Goodfellow M., O’Donnell A. G. . Chichester:: Wiley;.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Felsenstein J. ( 1981 ). Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. . J Mol Evol 17, 368376. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Felsenstein J. ( 1993 ). phylip (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c. . Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle;, USA:.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Garrity G. M., Bell J. A., Lilburn T. ( 2005 ). Order I. Rhodospirillales Pfennig and Trüper 1971, 17AL . . In Bergey’s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriololgy , , 2nd edn., vol. 2, The Proteobacteria, part C, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria, pp. 195. Edited by Brenner D. J., Krieg N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hall T. A. ( 1999 ). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. . Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 9598.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Imhoff J. F., Petri R., Süling J. ( 1998 ). Reclassification of species of the spiral-shaped phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria of the α-Proteobacteria: description of the new genera Phaeospirillum gen. nov., Rhodovibrio gen. nov., Rhodothalassium gen. nov. and Roseospira gen. nov. as well as transfer of Rhodospirillum fulvum to Phaeospirillum fulvum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum molischianum to Phaeospirillum molischianum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum salinarum to Rhodovibrio salinarum comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum sodomense to Rhodovibrio sodomensis comb. nov., of Rhodospirillum salexigens to Rhodothalassium salexigens comb. nov. and of Rhodospirillum mediosalinum to Roseospira mediosalina comb. nov.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 793798. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jung H. M., Lee J. S., Bae H. M., Yi T. H., Kim S. Y., Lee S. T., Im W. T. ( 2011 ). Inquilinus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 201204. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kawasaki H., Hoshino Y., Kuraishi Y., Yamasato K. ( 1992 ). Rhodocista centenaria gen. nov., sp. nov., a cyst-forming anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium and its phylogenetic position in the Proteobacteria alpha group. . J Gen Appl Microbiol 38, 541551. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Khammas K. M., Ageron E., Grimont P. A. D., Kaiser P. ( 1989 ). Azospirillum irakense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with rice roots and rhizosphere soil. . Res Microbiol 140, 679693.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kim O. S., Cho Y. J., Lee K., Yoon S. H., Kim M., Na H., Park S. C., Jeon Y. S., Lee J. H. & other authors ( 2012 ). Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 716721. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kimura M. ( 1983 ). The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kluge A. G., Farris F. S. ( 1969 ). Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. . Syst Zool 18, 132. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Lai Q., Yuan J., Wu C., Shao Z. ( 2009 ). Oceanibaculum indicum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater of the Indian Ocean. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 17331737. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lavrinenko K., Chernousova E., Gridneva E., Dubinina G., Akimov V., Kuever J., Lysenko A., Grabovich M. ( 2010 ). Azospirillum thiophilum sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from a sulfide spring. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60, 28322837. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lin S. Y., Young C. C., Hupfer H., Siering C., Arun A. B., Chen W. M., Lai W. A., Shen F. T., Rekha P. D., Yassin A. F. ( 2009 ). Azospirillum picis sp. nov., isolated from discarded tar. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 761765. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lin S. Y., Shen F. T., Young L. S., Zhu Z. L., Chen W. M., Young C. C. ( 2012 ). Azospirillum formosense sp. nov., a diazotroph from agricultural soil. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 11851190. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Liu Y., Jin J. H., Liu Y. H., Zhou Y. G., Liu Z. P. ( 2010 ). Dongia mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from a sequencing batch reactor for treatment of malachite green effluent. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60, 27802785. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Liu M., Dai J., Liu Y., Cai F., Wang Y., Rahman E., Fang C. ( 2011 ). Desertibacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., a gamma radiation-resistant bacterium in the family Rhodospirillaceae, isolated from desert sand. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 11091113. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Ludwig W., Strunk O., Klugbauer S., Klugbauer N., Weizenegger M., Neumaier J., Bachleitner M., Schleifer K. H. ( 1998 ). Bacterial phylogeny based on comparative sequence analysis. . Electrophoresis 19, 554568. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Luo G., Shi Z., Wang H., Wang G. ( 2012 ). Skermanella stibiiresistens sp. nov., a highly antimony-resistant bacterium isolated from coal-mining soil, and emended description of the genus Skermanella . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 12711276. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Mehnaz S., Weselowski B., Lazarovits G. ( 2007a ). Azospirillum canadense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from corn rhizosphere. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 620624. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Mehnaz S., Weselowski B., Lazarovits G. ( 2007b ). Azospirillum zeae sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of Zea mays . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 28052809. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mesbah M., Premachandran U., Whitman W. B. ( 1989 ). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 159167. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Nokhal T. H., Schlegel H. G. ( 1983 ). Taxonomic study of Paracoccus denitrijicans . . Int J Syst Bacteriol 33, 2637. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Peng G., Wang H., Zhang G., Hou W., Liu Y., Wang E. T., Tan Z. ( 2006 ). Azospirillum melinis sp. nov., a group of diazotrophs isolated from tropical molasses grass. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 12631271. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Powers E. M. ( 1995 ). Efficacy of the Ryu nonstaining KOH technique for rapidly determining gram reactions of food-borne and waterborne bacteria and yeasts. . Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 37563758.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Rahalkar M., Bahulikar R. A., Deutzmann J. S., Kroth P. G., Schink B. ( 2012 ). Elstera litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from stone biofilms of Lake Constance, Germany. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 17501754. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Raj P. S., Chakravarthy S. K., Ramaprasad E. V. V., Sasikala Ch., Ramana ChV. ( 2012 ). Phaeospirillum tilakii sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from aquatic sediments. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 10691074. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Reinhold B., Hurek T., Fendrik I., Pot B., Gillis M., Kersters K., Thielemans S., De Ley J. ( 1987 ). Azospirillum halopraeferens sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing organism associated with roots of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth). . Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 4351. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Saitou N., Nei M. ( 1987 ). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. . Mol Biol Evol 4, 406425.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sasser M. ( 1990 ). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. Newark, DE:: MIDI Inc;.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Schlegel H. G., Lafferty R., Krauss I. ( 1970 ). The isolation of mutants not accumulating poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid. . Arch Mikrobiol 71, 283294. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Schleifer K. H., Schuler D., Spring S., Weizenegger M., Amann R., Ludwig W., Kohler M. ( 1991 ). The genus Magnetospirillum gen. nov., description of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense sp, nov. and transfer of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum comb. nov.. Syst Appl Microbiol 14, 379385. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Sizova M. V., Panikov N. S., Spiridonova E. M., Slobodova N. V., Tourova T. P. ( 2007 ). Novel facultative anaerobic acidotolerant Telmatospirillum siberiense gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from mesotrophic fen. . Syst Appl Microbiol 30, 213220. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Sly L. I., Stackebrandt E. ( 1999 ). Description of Skermanella parooensis gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. parooensis following the transfer of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. largomobilis to the genus Azospirillum . . Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 541544. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Sorokina A. Y., Chernousova E. Y., Dubinina G. A. ( 2012 ). Ferrovibrio denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel neutrophilic facultative anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium. . FEMS Microbiol Lett 335, 1925. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Spiekermann P., Rehm B. H. A., Kalscheuer R., Baumeister D., Steinbüchel A. ( 1999 ). A sensitive, viable-colony staining method using Nile red for direct screening of bacteria that accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acids and other lipid storage compounds. . Arch Microbiol 171, 7380. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., Kumar S. ( 2011 ). mega5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. . Mol Biol Evol 28, 27312739. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Tarrand J. J., Krieg N. R., Döbereiner J. ( 1978 ). A taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen. nov. and two species, Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. nov.. Can J Microbiol 24, 967980. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Thompson J. D., Gibson T. J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D. G. ( 1997 ). The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. . Nucleic Acids Res 25, 48764882. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Tindall B. J., Sikorski J., Smibert R. A., Krieg N. R. ( 2007 ). Phenotypic characterization and the principles of comparative systematics. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, , 3rd edn., pp. 330393. Edited by Reddy C. A., Beveridge T. J., Breznak J. A., Marzluf G. A., Schmidt T. M., Snyder L. R. . Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Urios L., Michotey V., Intertaglia L., Lesongeur F., Lebaron P. ( 2008 ). Nisaea denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nisaea nitritireducens sp. nov., two novel members of the class Alphaproteobacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 23362341. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. ( 1991 ). 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. . J Bacteriol 173, 697703.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Wen C. M., Tseng C. S., Cheng C. Y., Li Y. K. ( 2002 ). Purification, characterization and cloning of a chitinase from Bacillus sp. NCTU2. . Biotechnol Appl Biochem 35, 213219. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Weon H. Y., Kim B. Y., Hong S. B., Joa J. H., Nam S. S., Lee K. H., Kwon S. W. ( 2007 ). Skermanella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from air, and emended description of the genus Skermanella . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 15391542. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Xi X. D., Dong W. L., Zhang J., Huang Y., Cui Z. L. ( 2013 ). Taonella mepensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from activated sludge. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 24722476. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Xie C. H., Yokota A. ( 2005 ). Azospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the roots of the rice plant Oryza sativa . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 14351438. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Young C. C., Hupfer H., Siering C., Ho M. J., Arun A. B., Lai W. A., Rekha P. D., Shen F. T., Hung M. H. & other authors ( 2008 ). Azospirillum rugosum sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 959963. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Zhang D., Yang H., Zhang W., Huang Z., Liu S. J. ( 2003 ). Rhodocista pekingensis sp. nov., a cyst-forming phototrophic bacterium from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 11111114. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Zhang G. I., Hwang C. Y., Cho B. C. ( 2008 ). Thalassobaculum litoreum gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from coastal seawater. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 479485. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Zhou S., Han L., Wang Y., Yang G., Zhuang L., Hu P. ( 2013 ). Azospirillum humicireducens sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a microbial fuel cell. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 26182624. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.055145-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.055145-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error