1887
  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
  4. Volume 66 Number 2
  5. Article

f A unique species in Phytophthora clade 10, sp. nov., recovered from stream and irrigation water in the eastern USA

HTML
94.62 Kb
PDF
596.67 Kb
  • Authors: X. Yang1​ ,  Y. Balci2​ ,  N. J. Brazee3​ ,  A. L. Loyd4​,† , C. X. Hong1​
    • VIEW AFFILIATIONS
    • 1​ 1​Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA, USA 2​ 2​Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 3​ 3​UMass Extension, Center for Food, Agriculture and the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA 4​ 4​Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
  • X. Yang [email protected]
  • First Published Online: 01 February 2016, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 845-855, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000800
  • Subject: NEW TAXA - Eukaryotic micro-organisms
  • Cover date:
Preview this:
Free Preview thumbnail Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

A unique species in Phytophthora clade 10, sp. nov., recovered from stream and irrigation water in the eastern USA, Page 1 of 1

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/ijsem/66/2/845_ijsem000800-1.gif

  • A novel species of the genus was recovered during surveys of stream and nursery irrigation water in Maryland, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia in the USA. The novel species is heterothallic, and all examined isolates were A mating type. It produced rare ornamented oogonia and amphigynous antheridia when paired with A mating type testers of and . Sporangia of this novel species were non-papillate and non-caducous. Thin-walled intercalary chlamydospores were abundant in hemp seed agar and carrot agar, while they were produced only rarely in aged cultures grown in clarified V8 juice agar. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the β-tubulin and mitochondrial cytochrome- oxidase 1 () genes indicated that the novel species is phylogenetically close to in Phytophthora clade 10. The novel species has morphological and molecular features that are distinct from those of other species in Phytophthora clade 10. It is formally described here as sp. nov. Description of this unique clade-10 species is important for understanding the phylogeny and evolution of Phytophthora clade 10.

  • †

    Present address: Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, Charlotte, NC, USA.

  • The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the ITS and and β-tubulin gene sequences of isolate 45B7 are KT163268 KT163315 and KT163336, respectively.

  • A supplementary table and two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material.

  • Abbreviations:
    ITS internal transcribed spacer
    ML maximum-likelihood
    SOD sudden oak death.

© 2015 IUMS | Published by the Microbiology Society

  • Adl S. M., Simpson A. G. B, Farmer M. A., Andersen R. A., Anderson O. R., Barta J. R., Bowser S. S., Brugerolle G., Fensome R. A., other authors. ( 2005;). The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. J Eukaryot Microbiol 52: 399––451 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Blair J. E., Coffey M. D., Park S.-Y., Geiser D. M., Kang S.. ( 2008;). A multi-locus phylogeny for Phytophthora utilizing markers derived from complete genome sequences. Fungal Genet Biol 45: 266––277 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Brasier C. M., Cooke D. E. L, Duncan J. M., Hansen E. M.. ( 2003;). Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides-P. megasperma ITS clade 6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile. Mycol Res 107: 277––290 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Brasier C. M., Beales P. A., Kirk S. A., Denman S., Rose J.. ( 2005;). Phytophthora kernoviae sp. nov., an invasive pathogen causing bleeding stem lesions on forest trees and foliar necrosis of ornamentals in the UK. Mycol Res 109: 853––859 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Català S., Pérez-Sierra A., Abad-Campos P.. ( 2015;). The use of genus-specific amplicon pyrosequencing to assess Phytophthora species diversity using eDNA from soil and water in Northern Spain. PLoS One 10: e0119311 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Chowdappa P., Madhura S., Kumar B. J. N, Kumar S. P. M, Hema K. R.. ( 2014;). Phytophthora boehmeriae revealed as the dominant pathogen responsible for severe foliar blight of Capsicum annuum in South India. Plant Dis 98: 90––98 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Cooke D. E. L, Drenth A., Duncan J. M., Wagels G., Brasier C. M.. ( 2000;). A molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora and related oomycetes. Fungal Genet Biol 30: 17––32 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Crous P. W., Groenewald J. Z., Shivas R. G., Edwards J., Seifert K. A., Alfenas A. C., Alfenas R. F., Burgess T. I., Carnegie A. J., other authors. ( 2011;). Fungal Planet description sheets: 69–91. Persoonia 26: 108––156 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Crous P. W., Summerell B. A., Shivas R. G., Burgess T. I., Decock C. A., Dreyer L. L., Granke L. L., Guest D. I., Hardy G. E. S, other authors. ( 2012;). Fungal Planet description sheets: 107–127. Persoonia 28: 138––182 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Crous P. W., Wingfield M. J., Schumacher R. K., Summerell B. A., Giraldo A., Gené J., Guarro J., Wanasinghe D. N., Hyde K. D., other authors. ( 2014;). Fungal Planet description sheets: 281–319. Persoonia 33: 212––289 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Erwin D. C., Ribeiro O. K.. ( 1996;). Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society;.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Gallegly M. E., Hong C.. ( 2008;). Phytophthora: Identifying Species by Morphology and DNA Fingerprints. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society;.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Hansen E. M., Reeser P. W., Sutton W.. ( 2012;). Phytophthora borealis and Phytophthora riparia, new species in Phytophthora ITS clade 6. Mycologia 104: 1133––1142 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Hansen E. M., Reeser P., Sutton W., Brasier C. M.. ( 2015;). Redesignation of Phytophthora taxon Pgchlamydo as Phytophthora chlamydospora sp. nov. N Am Fungi 10: 1––14.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Hong C. X., Gallegly M. E., Richardson P. A., Kong P., Moorman G. W., Lea-Cox J. D., Ross D. S.. ( 2010;). Phytophthora hydropathica, a new pathogen identified from irrigation water, Rhododendron catawbiense and Kalmia latifolia. Plant Pathol 59: 913––921 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Hong C., Gallegly M. E., Richardson P. A., Kong P.. ( 2011;). Phytophthora pini Leonian resurrected to distinct species status. Mycologia 103: 351––360 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Hong C., Richardson P. A., Hao W., Ghimire S. R., Kong P., Moorman G. W., Lea-Cox J. D., Ross D. S.. ( 2012;). Phytophthora aquimorbida sp. nov. and Phytophthora taxon ‘aquatilis’ recovered from irrigation reservoirs and a stream in Virginia, USA. Mycologia 104: 1097––1108 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Jeffers S. N., Martin S. B.. ( 1986;). Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species. Plant Dis 70: 1038––1043 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Jung T., Burgess T. I.. ( 2009;). Re-evaluation of Phytophthora citricola isolates from multiple woody hosts in Europe and North America reveals a new species, Phytophthora plurivora sp. nov.. Persoonia 22: 95––110 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Jung T., Nechwatal J.. ( 2008;). Phytophthora gallica sp. nov., a new species from rhizosphere soil of declining oak and reed stands in France and Germany. Mycol Res 112: 1195––1205 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Jung T., Stukely M. J. C, Hardy G. E. S. J., White D., Paap T., Dunstan W. A., Burgess T. I.. ( 2011;). Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications. Persoonia 26: 13––39 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Katoh K., Standley D. M.. ( 2013;). mafft multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30: 772––780 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Katoh K., Toh H.. ( 2008;). Improved accuracy of multiple ncRNA alignment by incorporating structural information into a mafft-based framework. BMC Bioinformatics 9: 212 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Katoh K., Kuma K., Toh H., Miyata T.. ( 2005;). mafft version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Res 33: 511––518 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Ko W. H.. ( 1978;). Heterothallic Phytophthora: evidence for hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction. J Gen Microbiol 107: 15––18 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Kroon L. P. N. M., Bakker F. T., van den Bosch G. B. M, Bonants P. J. M, Flier W. G.. ( 2004;). Phylogenetic analysis of Phytophthora species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Fungal Genet Biol 41: 766––782 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Kroon L. P. N. M., Brouwer H., de Cock A. W. A. M., Govers F.. ( 2012;). The genus Phytophthora anno 2012. Phytopathology 102: 348––364 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Loyd A. L., Benson D. M., Ivors K. L.. ( 2014;). Phytophthora populations in nursery irrigation water in relationship to pathogenicity and infection frequency of Rhododendron and Pieris. Plant Dis 98: 1213––1220 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • MacDonald J. D., Alishtayeh M. S., Kabashima J., Stites J.. ( 1994;). Occurrence of Phytophthora species in recirculated nursery irrigation effluents. Plant Dis 78: 607––611 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Martin F. N., Abad Z. G., Balci Y., Ivors K.. ( 2012;). Identification and detection of Phytophthora: reviewing our progress, identifying our needs. Plant Dis 96: 1080––1103 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Martin F. N., Blair J. E., Coffey M. D.. ( 2014;). A combined mitochondrial and nuclear multilocus phylogeny of the genus Phytophthora. Fungal Genet Biol 66: 19––32 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Nechwatal J., Bakonyi J., Cacciola S. O., Cooke D. E. L, Jung T., Nagy Z. A., Vannini A., Vettraino A. M., Brasier C. M.. ( 2013;). The morphology, behaviour and molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora taxon Salixsoil and its redesignation as Phytophthora lacustris sp. nov. Plant Pathol 62: 355––369 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Nelson S. C., Abad Z. G.. ( 2010;). Phytophthora morindae, a new species causing black flag disease on noni (Morinda citrifolia L) in Hawaii. Mycologia 102: 122––134 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Core Team R. ( 2015;). R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing;.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Reeser P., Sutton W., Hansen E.. ( 2013;). Phytophthora pluvialis, a new species from mixed tanoak-Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon, U.S.A. N Am Fungi 8: 1––8 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Rizzo D. M., Garbelotto M., Davidson J. M., Slaughter G. W., Koike S. T.. ( 2002;). Phytophthora ramorum as the cause of extensive mortality of Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus densiflorus in California. Plant Dis 86: 205––214 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Rizzo D. M., Garbelotto M., Hansen E. M.. ( 2005;). Phytophthora ramorum: integrative research and management of an emerging pathogen in California and Oregon forests. Annu Rev Phytopathol 43: 309––335 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Scarlett K., Daniel R., Shuttleworth L. A., Roy B., Bishop T. F. A, Guest D. I.. ( 2015;). Phytophthora in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area. Australas Plant Pathol 44: 335––348 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Sims L. L., Sutton W., Reeser P., Hansen E. M.. ( 2015;). The Phytophthora species assemblage and diversity in riparian alder ecosystems of western Oregon, USA. Mycologia 107: 889––902 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Tamura K., Nei M.. ( 1993;). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10: 512––526 [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., Kumar S.. ( 2013;). mega6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725––2729 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Warnes G. R., Bolker B., Bonebakker L., Gentleman R., Liaw W. H. A, Lumley T., Maechler M., Magnusson A., Moeller S., other authors. ( 2015;). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gplots/gplots.pdf gplots: various R programming tools for plotting data. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gplots/gplots.pdf.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Waterhouse G. M.. ( 1963;). Key to the Species of Phytophthora de Bary (Mycological Papers no. 92) Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute;.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Weir B. S., Paderes E. P., Anand N., Uchida J. Y., Pennycook S. R., Bellgard S. E., Beever R. E.. ( 2015;). A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora clade 5 including two new species, Phytophthora agathidicida and P. cocois. Phytotaxa 205: 21––38 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Werres S., Marwitz R., Man in't Veld W. A., De Cock A. W. A. M., Bonants P. J. M, De Weerdt M., Themann K., Ilieva E., Baayen R. P.. ( 2001;). Phytophthora ramorum sp. nov., a new pathogen on Rhododendron Viburnum. Mycol Res 105: 1155––1165 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X.. ( 2014;). New Species and Phylogeny of the Genus Phytophthora., Virginia Tech: Blacksburg, VA;.
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X., Hong C. X.. ( 2013;). Phytophthora virginiana sp. nov., a high-temperature tolerant species from irrigation water in Virginia. Mycotaxon 126: 167––176 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X., Copes W. E., Hong C. X.. ( 2013;). Phytophthora mississippiae sp. nov., a new species recovered from irrigation reservoirs at a plant nursery in Mississippi. J Plant Pathol Microbiol 4: 180 [CrossRef].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X., Copes W. E., Hong C.. ( 2014a;). Two novel species representing a new clade and cluster of Phytophthora. Fungal Biol 118: 72––82 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X., Gallegly M. E., Hong C.. ( 2014b;). A high-temperature tolerant species in clade 9 of the genus Phytophthora: P. hydrogena sp. nov. Mycologia 106: 57––65 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
  • Yang X., Richardson P. A., Hong C.. ( 2014c;). Phytophthora ×  stagnum nothosp. nov., a new hybrid from irrigation reservoirs at ornamental plant nurseries in Virginia. PLoS One 9: e103450 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
     [Google Scholar]
http://sgm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000800
Loading

Supplementary Data

 Data loading....

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000800
2016-02-01
2019-02-22
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/66/2/845.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000800&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Author and Article Information

 Figure data loading....

Footnotes:

Validated antibodies in this article

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error