- Home
- Publications
- International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
- Volume 66, Issue 3
- Article

f Prototheca miyajii sp. nov., isolated from a patient with systemic protothecosis
- Authors: Michiaki Masuda1 , Noriyuki Hirose1,2 , Tomohiro Ishikawa1 , Yoshiya Ikawa3 , Kazuko Nishimura1,4
-
- VIEW AFFILIATIONS
-
1 1Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan 2 2BD Japan, Co., Ltd, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan 3 3Laboratory of Biofunctional Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan 4 4First Laboratories, Co. Ltd, Kanagawa 211-0013, Japan
- Correspondence Michiaki Masuda [email protected]
- First Published Online: 01 March 2016, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 1510-1520, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000911
- Subject: NEW TAXA - Eukaryotic micro-organisms
- Cover date:




Prototheca miyajii sp. nov., isolated from a patient with systemic protothecosis, Page 1 of 1
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/ijsem/66/3/1510_ijsem000911-1.gif
-
Species of the genus Prototheca are achlorophyllous algae and ubiquitous in nature, and so far, six species have been listed in this genus: Prototheca wickerhamii, Prototheca zopfii, Prototheca blaschkeae, Prototheca cutis, Prototheca stagnora and Prototheca ulmea. A strain of the genus Prototheca, IFM 53848T, was isolated in Japan from a patient with systemic protothecosis and had been designated P. wickerhamii. Our previous study, by using PCR analysis, revealed that its SSU rRNA gene (rDNA) was distinctively larger than that of P. wickerhamii and other species of the genus Prototheca. In this study, molecular analysis showed that the exceptionally large SSU rDNA of IFM 53848T contains four group I introns. The morphology of IFM 53848T was indistinguishable from those of P. wickerhamii or P. cutis, and phylogenetic analyses, based on the sequences of the SSU rDNA exons and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rDNA, indicated that IFM 53848T was closely related to P. cutis. On the other hand, unlike P. cutis, IFM 53848T failed to assimilate fructose or lysine and grew well at higher temperatures of up to 42 °C. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry profile of IFM 53848T were clearly distinct from those of P. cutis. The results strongly suggest that IFM 53848T represents a novel species, and so the seventh member of the genus Prototheca, which we have named Prototheca miyajii sp. nov. The unique characteristics of the strain may provide useful insights into the systematic taxonomy of the genus Prototheca.
-
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for nucleotide sequences of the SSU rDNA, ITS and D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA of strain IFM 53848T are KP898383, KP898384 and KP898385, respectively. The accession numbers for the sequences of the corresponding regions of strain IFM 54820 are KP898386, KP898387 and KP898388, respectively. The accession number for the ITS sequence of P. cutis JCM 15793T is KP898389.
-
One supplementary figure is available with the online Supplementary Material.
-
Abbreviations: ITS internal transcribed spacer MALDI-TOF matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
© 2016 IUMS | Published by the Microbiology Society
-
Ahrholdt J., Murugaiyan J., Straubinger R. K., Jagielski T., Roesler U.. ( 2012;). Epidemiological analysis of worldwide bovine, canine and human clinical Prototheca isolates by PCR genotyping and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry proteomic phenotyping. Med Mycol 50: 234––243 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Bhattacharya D., Friedl T., Damberger S.. ( 1996;). Nuclear-encoded rDNA group I introns: origin and phylogenetic relationships of insertion site lineages in the green algae. Mol Biol Evol 13: 978––989 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Burke J. M., Belfort M., Cech T. R., Davies R. W., Schweyen R. J., Shub D. A., Szostak J. W., Tabak H. F.. ( 1987;). Structural conventions for group I introns. Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7217––7221 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Casal M., Linares M. J., Solís F., Rodríguez F. C.. ( 1997;). Appearance of colonies of Prototheca on CHROMagar Candida medium. Mycopathologia 137: 79––82 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Cech T. R., Damberger S. H., Gutell R. R.. ( 1994;). Representation of the secondary and tertiary structure of group I introns. Nat Struct Biol 1: 273––280 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Ebihara M., Makimura K., Sato K., Abe S., Tsuboi R.. ( 2009;). Molecular detection of dermatophytes and nondermatophytes in onychomycosis by nested polymerase chain reaction based on 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Br J Dermatol 161: 1038––1044 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Frank N., Ferguson L. C., Cross R. F., Redman D. R.. ( 1969;). Prototheca, a cause of bovine mastitis. Am J Vet Res 30: 1785––1794 [PubMed].
-
Guého E., Kurtzman C. P., Peterson S. W.. ( 1990;). Phylogenetic relationships among species of Sterigmatomyces and Fellomyces as determined from partial rRNA sequences. Int J Syst Bacteriol 40: 60––65 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Hirose N., Nishimura K., Inoue-Sakamoto M., Masuda M.. ( 2013;). Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of Prototheca wickerhamii has characteristic structure useful for identification and genotyping. PLoS One 8: e81223 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Hollingsworth S. R.. ( 2000;). Canine protothecosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30: 1091––1101 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Jánosi S., Rátz F., Szigeti G., Kulcsár M., Kerényi J., Laukó T., Katona F., Huszenicza G.. ( 2001;). Review of the microbiological, pathological, and clinical aspects of bovine mastitis caused by the alga Prototheca zopfii. Vet Q 23: 58––61 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Lass-Flörl C., Mayr A.. ( 2007;). Human protothecosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 230––242 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Machouart M., Lacroix C., Bui H., Feuilhade de Chauvin M., Derouin F., Lorenzo F.. ( 2004;). Polymorphisms and intronic structures in the 18S subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the fungi Scytalidium dimidiatum and Scytalidium hyalinum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 238: 455––467 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Machouart-Dubach M., Lacroix C., Vaury C., de Chauvin M. F., Bellanné C., Derouin F., Lorenzo F.. ( 2002;). Nucleotide structure of the Scytalidium hyalinum and Scytalidium dimidiatum 18S subunit ribosomal RNA gene: evidence for the insertion of a group IE intron in the rDNA gene of S. dimidiatum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 208: 187––196 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Matsuda T., Matsumoto T.. ( 1992;). Protothecosis: a report of two cases in Japan and a review of the literature. Eur J Epidemiol 8: 397––406 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
McMullan B., Muthiah K., Stark D., Lee L., Marriott D.. ( 2011;). Prototheca wickerhamii mimicking yeast: a cautionary tale. J Clin Microbiol 49: 3078––3081 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Miura K., Ishii H., Kushida A., Ishii K., Akagi T.. ( 2005;). A case of systemic protothecosis. J Hiroshima Soc Med Technologists 95: 35––39.
-
Murugaiyan J., Ahrholdt J., Kowbel V., Roesler U.. ( 2012;). Establishment of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry database for rapid identification of infectious achlorophyllous green micro-algae of the genus Prototheca. Clin Microbiol Infect 18: 461––467 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Pore R. S., Barnett E. A., Barnes W.C., Jr., Walker J. D.. ( 1983;). Prototheca ecology. Mycopathologia 81: 49––62 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Roesler U. H.. ( 2011;). Prototheca. . In Molecular Detection of Human Fungal Pathogens, pp. 865––870. Edited by Liu D. Y.. Boca Raton, FL:: CRC Press; [CrossRef].
-
Roesler U., Möller A., Hensel A., Baumann D., Truyen U.. ( 2006;). Diversity within the current algal species Prototheca zopfii: a proposal for two Prototheca zopfii genotypes and description of a novel species. Prototheca blaschkeae sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56: 1419––1425 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Satoh K., Ooe K., Nagayama H., Makimura K.. ( 2010;). Prototheca cutis sp. nov., a newly discovered pathogen of protothecosis isolated from inflamed human skin. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60: 1236––1240 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Stenner V. J., Mackay B., King T., Barrs V. R., Irwin P., Abraham L., Swift N., Langer N., Bernays M., other authors. ( 2007;). Protothecosis in 17 Australian dogs and a review of the canine literature. Med Mycol 45: 249––266 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Tamura K.. ( 1992;). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C-content biases. Mol Biol Evol 9: 678––687 [PubMed].
-
Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., Kumar S.. ( 2013;). mega6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0.. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725––2729 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Todd J. R., King J. W., Oberle A., Matsumoto T., Odaka Y., Fowler M., Pore R. S., Shahan T. A., Yin L., Sanusi I. D.. ( 2012;). Protothecosis: report of a case with 20-year follow-up, and review of previously published cases. Med Mycol 50: 673––689 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Tubaki K., Soneda M.. ( 1959;). Cultural and taxonomic studies on Prototheca. Nagaoa (Mycol J Nagao Inst) 6: 25––34.
-
von Bergen M., Eidner A., Schmidt F., Murugaiyan J., Wirth H., Binder H., Maier T., Roesler U.. ( 2009;). Identification of harmless and pathogenic algae of the genus Prototheca by MALDI-MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 3: 774––784 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
White T.J.,, Bruns T., Lee S., Taylor J. W.. ( 1990;). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. . In PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315––322. Edited by Innis M. A., Gelfand D. H., Sninsky J. J., White T. J.. New York: [CrossRef] Academic Press;.
-
Wirth H., von Bergen M., Murugaiyan J., Rösler U., Stokowy T., Binder H.. ( 2012;). MALDI-typing of infectious algae of the genus Prototheca using SOM portraits. J Microbiol Methods 88: 83––97 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Xiao L., Escalante L., Yang C., Sulaiman I., Escalante A. A., Montali R. J., Fayer R., Lal A. A.. ( 1999;). Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 1578––1583 [PubMed].
-
Xu C., Wang C., Sun X., Zhang R., Gleason M. L., Eiji T., Sun G.. ( 2013;). Multiple group I introns in the small-subunit rDNA of Botryosphaeria dothidea: implication for intraspecific genetic diversity. PLoS One 8: e67808 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Yamada N., Yoshida Y., Ohsawa T., Takahara M., Morino S., Yamamoto O.. ( 2010;). A case of cutaneous protothecosis successfully treated with local thermal therapy as an adjunct to itraconazole therapy in an immunocompromised host. Med Mycol 48: 643––646 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
-
Zuker M.. ( 2003;). Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res 31: 3406––3415 [CrossRef] [PubMed].

Supplementary Data
Data loading....

Article metrics loading...

Full text loading...
Author and Article Information
-
This Journal
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000911dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_serialTitlepub_serialIdent:journal/ijsem AND -contentType:BlogPost104 -
Other Society Journals
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000911dcterms_title,dcterms_subject-pub_serialIdent:journal/ijsem AND -contentType:BlogPost104 -
PubMed
-
Google Scholar
Figure data loading....