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f Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov., causing pear leaf scorch disease

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  • Authors: C.-C. Su1​ ,  W.-L. Deng2​ ,  F.-J. Jan2​ ,  C.-J. Chang2​,3​ ,  H. Huang4​ ,  H.-T. Shih5​ , J. Chen6​
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    • 1​ 1​Division of Pesticide Application, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung 41358, Taiwan, ROC 2​ 2​Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC 3​ 3​Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA 4​ 4​School of Information, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 5​ 5​Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 189 Chung-Cheng Road, Wufeng, 413 Taichung, Taiwan, ROC 6​ 6​USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California 93648, USA
  • Correspondence J. Chen [email protected]
  • First Published Online: 01 November 2016, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 4766-4771, doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001426
  • Subject: New taxa - Proteobacteria
  • Received:
  • Accepted:
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Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov., causing pear leaf scorch disease, Page 1 of 1

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  • A Gram-stain-negative, nutritionally fastidious bacterium (PLS229) causing pear leaf scorch was identified in Taiwan and previously grouped into Xylella fastidiosa . Yet, significant variations between PLS229 and Xylella fastidiosa were noted. In this study, PLS229 was evaluated phenotypically and genotypically against representative strains of Xylella fastidiosa , including strains of the currently known subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa , Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and ‘ Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ’. Because of the difficulty of in vitro culture characterization, emphases were made to utilize the available whole-genome sequence information. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, an alternative for DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness, between PLS229 and Xylella fastidiosa were 83.4–83.9 %, significantly lower than the bacterial species threshold of 95 %. In contrast, sequence similarity of 16S rRNA genes was greater than 98 %, higher than the 97 % threshold to justify if two bacterial strains belong to different species. The uniqueness of PLS229 was also evident by observing only about 87 % similarity in the sequence of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) between PLS229 and strains of Xylella fastidiosa , discovering significant single nucleotide polymorphisms at 18 randomly selected housekeeping gene loci, observing a distinct fatty acid profile for PLS229 compared with Xylella fastidiosa , and PLS229 having different observable phenotypes, such as different susceptibility to antibiotics. A phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a distinct PLS229 phyletic lineage positioning it between Xylella fastidiosa and members of the genus Xanthomonas . On the basis of these data, a novel species, Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PLS229 (=BCRC 80915=JCM 31187).

  • Four supplementary tables are available with the online Supplementary Material.

  • Abbreviations:
    ANI average nucleotide identity
    DDH DNA-DNA hybridization
    ITS internal transcribed spacer
    PD Pierce's disease
    PLS pear leaf scorch
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