- Volume 26, Issue 1, 1976
Volume 26, Issue 1, 1976
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Electrophoretic Studies of the Geographic Distribution of Yersinia pestisProtein Variants
More LessAbstractDiscontinuous electrophoresis techniques were used to analyze 161 Yersinia pestisisolates from Asia, Southeast Asia, Java, Madagascar, Africa, and North and South America. The application of similarity matrix analysis to electrophophoretic data from isolates of each geographic region led to the grouping of the isolates into 57 electropherotypes which, in turn, form 11 electropherotype groups representing major protein variants. Of the 161 isolates tested, only seven, belonging to two pairs of the 57 electropherotypes, could not be differentiated using the electrophoretic analysis and six biochemical tests. In addition, the distribution of certain of the 11 major electropherotype groups corresponds with known routes of dispersion of Y. pestisduring the present pandemic.
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Anaerobic Growth of Staphylococcus Species from Human Skin: Effects of Uracil and Pyruvate 1
More LessAbstractA collection of 178 strains of staphylococci from human skin, representing the three generally accepted species (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus ) and seven recently proposed new species (S. simulans, S. cohnii, S. xylosus, S. warneri, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis ), was studied with regard to their requirements for uracil and pyruvate for anaerobic growth. S. saprophyticus and six of the proposed new species required both of these nutrients for good anaerobic growth and achieved essentially no growth when both were absent from the medium. S. simulans was unique in having no requirement for these nutrients for vigorous anaerobic growth. Only eight strains, six of S. cohnii and two of S. haemolyticus, gave no anaerobic growth in the medium with both uracil and pyruvate. Many strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus grew well when both substances were absent but grew somewhat better when one or both were present. The taxonomic implications of this study provide some support for acceptance of several of the proposed new species.
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Characterization of Staphylococcus sciuri sp.nov. and Its Subspecies 1
More LessAbstractSeveral strains previously classified as group III staphylococci, by the scheme of Schleifer and Kocur, and numerous strains isolated from animal and human skin that appeared to be related to group III strains were subjected to a taxonomic study. As a result of this study, all group III and related strains were placed in the newly proposed species Staphylococcus sciuri. This species can be differentiated from all other staphylococci on the basis of colony morphology, cell wall peptidoglycan, acid production from cellobiose and usually from fucose under aerobic conditions, and a combination of other characteristics. Thirty-five strains that produced large colonies, usually moderate to light anaerobic growth in thioglycolate, and acid from galactose, sucrose, glycerol, and often from melezitose were placed in the type subspecies, S. sciuri subsp. sciuri. Nine strains that produced very small, unpigmented colonies, usually no detectable anaerobic growth in thioglycolate, and acid from sucrose and often from galactose, glycerol, lactose, and raffinose were placed in the subspecies S. sciuri subsp. lentus. The type strains of these subspecies are ATCC 29062 and ATCC 29070, respectively. A group of three strains that produced relatively small, unpigmented colonies, moderate anaerobic growth in thioglycolate, and acid from glycerol but failed to produce acid from sucrose, melezitose, raffinose and usually galactose may also deserve subspecies status. A summary of the character variation found in S. sciuri and in other novobiocin-resistant species and a simplified scheme for distinguishing S. sciuri and its subspecies are included in this paper.
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Immunoprecipitation Studies of Mycobacterial Catalase
More LessAbstractSerological techniques have been used to detect small changes in amino acid sequences of specific proteins in closely related biological systems. These changes are believed to reflect evolutionary divergence. In the present study, the differences in binding capacities of catalases from different mycobacteria for a reference antiserum were measured very specifically by assaying the unbound functional enzyme after exposure to antibody. Catalase derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been used to immunize rabbits. The antibody so produced precipitated the enzyme but did not inactivate it. This antibody also precipitated catalase from sonic lysates of other mycobacterial species. The binding capacity of catalase derived from a number of heterologous species for the M. tuberculosis antibody was always lower than that of homologous enzyme. Some species produced catalase that failed to react at all with the reference serum. In other cases, there was evidence of at least two serologically unrelated catalases in a single strain. There was also a limited correlation between rate of inactivation of catalase by heat and the relative antibody-binding capacity of the enzyme. The serological study of catalases offers promise of providing a useful tool for clarifying evolutionary relationships among mycobacterial species.
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Streptosporangium corrugation sp.nov., an Actinomycete with Some Unusual Morphological Features
More LessAbstractThe micromorphology, ultrastructure, and cell wall composition of an actinomycete isolated from beach sand were studied. On the basis of its cell wall composition and some of its morphological features, it was placed in the genus Streptosporangium. It differed from other members of this genus by producing rather ill-defined sporangia containing thick-walled, ridged spores together with short chains of similar spores. This organism is regarded as belonging to a new species, for which we propose the name Streptosporangium corrugatum. The type strain of this species is E90 (NCIB 11120).
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Planococcus halophilus sp.nov., a Facultatively Halophilic Coccus
More LessAbstractNational Research Council of Canada (NRCC) strain 14033 is a gram-variable, motile, yellow-pigmented, strictly aerobic, facultatively halophilic coccus. The guanine plus cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of this strain is 50.4 ± 0.7 mol%. This strain belongs to the genus Planococcus but differs from the neotype strain (CCM 316) of the type species, Planococcus citreus, in cell wall composition and NaCl requirement; unlike strain CCM 316, strain NRCC 14033 possesses meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall peptidoglycan, and it cannot grow on nutrient medium at 30 C without added NaCl. We regard this strain as belonging to a new species, for which we propose the name Planococcus halophilus. Since the original description is based on a single strain, this strain is the type strain by monotypy. It has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection under the number 27964.
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Nocardioides, a New Genus of the Order Actinomycetales
More LessAbstractThe properties of 17 strains of a nocardioform actinomycete isolated from soil are described. The hyphae of the primary mycelium of this organism fragment into irregular to rod- to coccus-like elements. The hyphae of the aerial mycelium fragment into rod- to coccus-like elements with smooth surfaces. These elements give rise to new mycelia. The organism is a gram-positive, non-acid-fast, aerobic, mesophile, and it has a cell wall composition of type I (LL-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine). The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 66.5 mol% G+C. The actinomycete is susceptible to phages of a taxon-specific set. Polyvalent Nocardia and Streptomyces phages are not propagated in the nocardioform organism, which is here regarded as belonging to a new genus, Nocardioides, the type species of which is N. albus. The type strain of N. albus is IMET 7807 (Culture Collection of the Zentralinstitut für Microbiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena). It has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection under the number 27980. The new genus is placed in the family Streptomycetaceae.
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Nitrate Reductase Activities in Lysogenic and Nonlysogenic Strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Related Species
More LessAbstractCorynebacterium diphtheriae and closely related corynebacteria are gram-positive, pleomorphic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria which have been classified (in part) according to their capacity to reduce or not reduce nitrates to nitrites. An investigation of the presence or absence of nitrate reductase activity in C. diphtheriae, in particular, and in C. belfanti, C. ulcerans, C. ovis, C. hofmanni, and C. xerosis, in general, indicates that (i) the control of the synthesis of the enzyme is a readily mutable property, (ii) enzyme synthesis occurs under anaerobic conditions, and (iii) maximal activity is associated with the “pellet” or “membrane” fraction. Additional evidence indicates that the gene N-red is not on the phage chromosome and, therefore, is not linked to the gene governing the synthesis of diphtherial toxin (tox) as previously claimed.
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Higher Taxa of the Phototrophic Bacteria: Chloroflexaceae fam.nov., a Family for the Gliding, Filamentous, Phototrophic “Green” Bacteria
More LessAbstractA new family name, Chloroflexaceae, is introduced for the phototrophic, gliding, filamentous bacteria containing chlorobium vesicles and bacteriochlorophylls c and a. The type genus in Chloroflexus Pierson and Castenholz with type species Chloroflexus aurantiacus Pierson and Castenholz 1974.
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Antigenic Relationships Between Escherichia coli O Antigens 0149 to 0163 and Shigella O Antigens
B. Rowe, R. J. Gross and M. GuineyAbstractO antigens 0149 to 0163 are recent additions to the Escherichia coli antigenic scheme. Their antigenic relationships with Shigella serovars were examined. O antigen identity was demonstrated between E. coli 0149 and Shigella boydii 1 and between E. coli 0152 and provisional Shigella serovar 3341-55. A reciprocal relationship was found between E. coli 0159 and Shigella dysenteriae 4 but identity was not demonstrated. The remaining E. coli O antigens were not significantly related to any Shigella serovar.
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DMS Agar, a New Composite Tube Medium for Differentiation Within the Genus Salmonella
More LessAbstractA new agar medium, DMS agar, which combines dulcitol and salicin fermentation with malonate utilization, is described for use in differentiating Salmonella subgenera.
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Bacteriophage Typing of the “Caulobacter Group”
More LessAbstractThe phage types of 77 caulobacters were determined using 26 phages specific for this group of stalked bacteria. A standardized procedure, utilizing routine test dilutions, was used to eliminate an inhibition phenomenon which accounted for 53% of the positive reactions when undiluted phage lysates were tested. Among productive hosts, Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis phages were genus specific, although this specificity was not demonstrated by the inhibition reactions. However, Asticcacaulis ϕ20S was specific for only 2 of the 15 eccentrically stalked isolates tested. This limited specificity was common among the phages regardless of the cellular morphology of their host, since 7 of the 16 phages having productive hosts had no more than 2 hosts. Without phages that were specific for a broad host range of eccentrically stalked caulobacters, the separation of the genera Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis was not supported by bacteriophage typing.
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Proposal and Description of ATCC 13683 and ATCC 12102 as Neotype Strains of Actinomyces bovis Harz 1877 and Actinomyces israelii (Kruse) Lachner-Sandoval 1898, Respectively
More LessAbstractActinomyces bovis ATCC 13683 and A. israelii ATCC 12102 are described, and they are here designated as the neotype strains of these two species.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Torulopsis sonorensis, a New Species of the Genus Torulopsis
More LessAbstractA novel member of the yeast genus Torulopsis has been recovered 35 times during 1971, 1972, 1973, and 1974 from Drosophila mojavensis, from soft-rot pockets from six species of cacti, and from soil wetted by soft-rot fluid. The collections were made in the Sonoran desert of southern Arizona and of northern Mexico. The new species was named Torulopsis sonorensis after the geography of its habitat. The type strain is UCD (FS&T) 71–148 (= ATCC 32108 = CBS 6792).
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Minimal Standards for Description of New Taxa Within the Genera Moraxella and Acinetobacter: Proposal by the Subcommittee on Moraxella and Allied Bacteria
More LessAbstractAccording to the statutes of the ICSB (Bacteriological Code, 1976 revision), subcommittees should make recommendations on minimal standards for the description of new taxa in their field of taxonomy, for the purpose of establishing validity of publication. It has further been decided by the Editorial Board that IJSB will serve as a forum for discussion of proposals for minimal standards, which are considered tentative until given final approval by ICSB (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 25:96, 1975). The Subcommittee on Moraxella and Allied Bacteria has generally agreed upon recommendations to ICSB on minimal standards for description of new taxa in the genera Moraxella and Acinetobacter, which are herewith presented. The proposal specifies the minimal requirement for tests (or types of test) employed and does not in any way limit the extent of investigations beyond this. Suggestions are welcomed for improvement of the proposed standards and for the possible use of the standards in the description of species and subspecies in other genera with genetic relations to Moraxella and Acineto-bacter (e.g., Branhamella, which by some taxonomists may be considered as a partial objective synonym of Moraxella, and hypothetical new genera).
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)