- Volume 32, Issue 3, 1982
Volume 32, Issue 3, 1982
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg, Nativelle, and Prévot 1937) corrig., comb. nov.: Emended Description
More LessThe type strain of Capsularis zoogleiformans (sic) (Weinberg et al. 1937) Prévot 1938, strain ATCC 33285 (= VPI D28K-1), has characteristics that are consistent with those of the genus Bacteroides as it is presently defined. Therefore, we propose that this species be transferred to the genus Bacteroides as Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al.) comb. nov. An emended description of the species is provided.
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Five Biovars of Yersinia enterocolitica Delineated by Numerical Taxonomy
More LessA total of 52 strains (41 of Yersinia enterocolitica strains, 3 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from animals, and 8 reference strains) were scored for 210 characters (64 morphological, 63 growth, 8 antibiotic susceptibility, and 75 biochemical) which were determined at both 37 and 22°C. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy methods (simple matching coefficients and clustering by unweighted average). The phenograms of the Y. enterocolitica strains delineated four and five phenons from the 37 and 22°C data, respectively. The phenons at 22°C were as follows: (i) rhamnose-negative, lecithinase- and sucrose-positive strains; (ii) rhamnose-, lecithinase-, and sucrose-negative strains; (iii) rhamnose- and lecithinase-negative, sucrose-positive strains ; (iv) rhamnose-, lecithinase-, and sucrose-positive strains; and (v) rhamnose-positive, lecithinasenegative, and sucrose-positive strains. These five phenons were designated biovars 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The phenograms of the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains delineated one phenon from both the 37°C data and the 22°C data. Three sucrose-negative strains of Y. enterocolitica had the same deoxyribonucleic acid base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) as a strain of serovar O3 of Y. enterocolitica and a strain of serovar IVA of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
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Analysis of Antigens of Rhodococcus Species by Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
More LessSeventeen representative strains of Rhodococcus and related taxa were analyzed for antigenic relationships by rocket Immunoelectrophoresis. A good correlation was found between data from this form of analysis and previously reported numerical phenetic and deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation data. Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis strains formed distinct clusters in a dendrogram produced by average linkage analyses for dissimilarity matrices. Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia asteroides, and an unidentified Rhodococcus strain formed single-member clusters, whereas Rhodococcus coprophilus was found to be heterogeneous. In contrast, R. erythropolis and R. ruber were found to be distinct species. The discrepancies between deoxyribonucleic acid pairing and rocket Immunoelectrophoresis results can be explained on the basis of suboptimal antigen or antiserum preparations.
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Serological, Taxonomic, and Kinetic Studies of the T and M Classes of Mycobacterial Catalase
More LessTwo types of catalase may be found in extracts of mycobacteria, the heat-labile T class and the heat-stable M class. The T-catalase is resistant to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and has a Michaelis constant in the range of 3.1 to 6.8 mM H2O2, whereas the M-catalase is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and has a Michaelis constant in the range of 143 to 156 mM. Some species of mycobacteria produce only one class of catalase, and others produce both. Of the species studied, only Mycobacterium terrae, M. triviale, and M. nonchromogenicum failed to exhibit T-catalase, although all three of these species had M-catalase. Conversely, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. intracellulare, M. avium, M.gastri, M. marinum, and M. xenopi yielded T-catalase but not M-catalase. Six species, M. szulgai,M. simiae, M. kansasii, M. gordonae,M. scrofulaceum, and M. asiaticum, produced both classes. The differences in resistance to heat and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were exploited in the development of methods for quantitative serological characterization of one class of catalase in the presence of the other. These techniques were used with three reference sera to produce a branching diagram of divergence of the T-catalases from 13 species of mycobacteria based on measurements of immunological distance. No T-catalase could be demonstrated in another three species. A first-stage study was also carried out with a single reference antiserum to M-catalase from M. kansasii. Representatives of nine mycobacterial species, including the three that produced no T-catalase, were characterized with this reference system, which tends to yield larger immunological distance values than the T-catalase system.
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Differential Characteristics of Strains of Rochalimaea: Rochalimaea vinsonii sp. nov., the Canadian Vole Agent
More LessA series of comparative studies was carried out on the Fuller and Guadalupe strains of Rochalimaea quintana and the vole agent described by Baker in 1946. No differences were encountered between the two strains of R. quintana. The vole agent resembled R. quintana in most of its phenotypic characteristics, but, in contrast to R. quintana, did not require CO2 for growth, catabolized glutamate without an added energy-yielding substrate, and autoagglutinated. Comparisons of the migration patterns of various protein fractions in gels by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, line-rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and enzyme-specific staining confirmed the identity of the two strains of R. quintana and their similarity to the vole agent. Although many of the proteins had the same function as enzymes in R. quintana and the vole agent or reacted equally well with both homologous and heterologous sera, they migrated at different rates in the gels. Therefore, on the basis of this and previously reported evidence, we propose that the vole agent be named Rochalimaea vinsonii sp. nov. This name honors J. William Vinson, who, in collaboration with Henry S. Fuller, established that R. quintana can be grown axenically and initiated studies of the genus Rochalimaea by conventional bacteriological techniques. The type strain of R. vinsonii is ATCC VR-152.
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Taxonomy of Corynebacterium Plant Pathogens, Including a New Pathogen of Wheat, Based on Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Cellular Proteins †
More LessThe known extant plant pathogenic Corynebacterium species were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their cellular proteins. The patterns of the protein bands of 13 species and a new corynebacterial wheat pathogen showed seven distinct groups. Five of these groups consisted of only one species each, one group contained four species, and the last group contained the new wheat pathogen and the remaining four species. The pathogens that could not be distinguished by the polyacrylamide gel analysis differed in phenotypic characteristics, including pathogenic specificity. Thus, for these bacteria we propose recognition of the following taxa: Corynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dowson, Corynebacterium ilicis (Mandel et al.), Corynebacterium tritici (ex Hutchinson) nom. rev., Corynebacterium iranicum (ex Scharif) nom. rev., Corynebacterium rathayi (Smith) Dowson, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens (Hedges) Dowson, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone) comb. nov., Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. betae (Keyworth et al.) comb. nov., Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. oortii (Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus) comb. nov., Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. michiganense (Smith) Jensen, Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. nebraskense (Schuster et al.) comb. nov., Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. insidiosum (McCulloch) comb. nov., Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum (Spieckermann and Kotthoff), comb. nov., and Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. tessellarius subsp. nov., the type strain of which is strain 78181 (= ATCC 33566 = PDDCC7221).
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Streptomyces spinoverrucosus, a New Species from the Air of Kuwait
More LessWe describe a new Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces spinoverrucosus is proposed. This species is characterized as follows: green, yellow, red, and gray aerial mass colors: spiral spore chains; spiny and warty spore surfaces; reverse of the colony colorless or faint yellow on salts starch agar and brownish red on other media (the red pigment is a pH indicator); melanoid pigments formed in International Streptomyces Project media 1, 6, and 7; brown, red, or reddish brown water-soluble pigments; and a characteristic carbon utilization pattern. This species differs from all Streptomyces species described previously on the basis of its aerial mass color, color of reverse of colonies, and color of water-soluble pigments. The type strain of S. spinoverrucosus is Diab 163MA (= NCIB 11666).
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Pseudomonas taeniospiralis sp. nov., an R-Body-Containing Hydrogen Bacterium
More LessStrain 2K1 is the first free-living bacterium in which R bodies were detected. R bodies, previously known as kappa particles, consist of convoluted, proteinaceous ribbons and are typical and distinctive inclusions of cells of the genus Caedibacter Preer and Preer, obligately endosymbiotic bacteria of the Paramecium aurelia species complex. Strain 2K1 is a yellow-pigmented, polarly flagellated, mesophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. This facultatively chemolithoauto-trophic organism can grow heterotrophically and is able to utilize a wide range of sugars; it can also grow heterotrophically as a denitrifying bacterium, but it does not fix nitrogen. Autotrophically grown cells contain a membrane-bound hydrogenase. Morphologically and biochemically, strain 2K1 differs from other hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and from the known species of Caedibacter. This bacterium is considered to be a new species, for which the name Pseudomonas taeniospiraiis is proposed. The specific epithet refers to the outstanding property of this organism, namely, that it contains R bodies (i.e., inclusion bodies consisting of convoluted proteinaceous ribbons). The type strain of P. taeniospiraiis, strain 2K1, has been deposited with the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen as strain DSM 2082.
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Ensifer adhaerens gen. nov., sp. nov.: A Bacterial Predator of Bacteria in Soil †
More LessA bacterial predator of bacteria in soil is described. This gram-negative predator was previously designated strain A. It is not an obligate predator, for it grows in the absence of host cells on a variety of media, including a medium composed of Noble agar in distilled water. It does not hydrolyze agar. The presence of host cells causes an overall increase in the growth of strain A on Noble agar but, except for tracking, does not do so on nutritionally richer media. During growth on most media in the presence of host cells, such as cells of Micrococcus luteus, strain A attaches in a picket fence arrangement to the host cells. Lysis of the host cells ensues if the pH of the environment remains approximately in the range from 6.0 to 6.5. At higher pH values, tracking and attachment occur, but without lysis of the host cells. A factor that diffuses through agar and causes lysis was detected emanating from strain A during growth on a nutritionally dilute medium. Strain A was shown to multiply by budding at one pole of the cell, followed by asymmetric polar growth and binary fission. Additional morphological and biochemical characteristics of strain A are presented. A new genus, Ensifer, is proposed for this bacterium. The type species is Ensifer adhaerens sp. nov., and strain A (= ATCC 33212) is the type strain of this species.
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Eubacterium plautii (Séguin 1928) comb. nov
More LessThe type strain (ATCC 29863 = VPI 0310) of Fusobacterium plautii has a multilayered cell envelope structure consisting of a barely visible cell membrane, a dense intermediate layer, and a single-layered outer membrane. The cells do not have flagella and are not motile in hanging drop preparations. The results of this and earlier investigations indicate that despite having a negative Gram reaction, this strain is a gram-positive bacterium with a gram-variable cell wall structure. Since the type strain of F. plautii fits the generic description of Eubacterium, the species is transferred to this genus as Eubacterium plautii (Séguin) comb. nov.
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Vibrio diazotrophicus sp. nov., a Marine Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium
More LessFacultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from sources as diverse as the gastrointestinal tracts of sea urchins collected in Nova Scotia, Canada, and the surfaces of reeds growing in a drainage ditch in Kent, England. These strains were placed in the genus Vibrio Pacini 1865 of the family Vibrionaceae on the basis of their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as on the basis of the guanine-plus-cytosine contents of their deoxyribonucleic acids (45.9 to 47.2 mol%). They were clearly distinguished from strains of the currently recognized species in the genus Vibrio by a combination of diverse traits, including the production of nitrogenase, the inability to hydrolyze casein, deoxyribonucleic acid, gelatin, and Tween 80, the ability to ferment L-arabinose, cellobiose, salicin, and D-xylose, and the presence of an arginine dihydrolase system. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies supported recognition of these nitrogen-fixing strains as a new species, for which the name Vibrio diazotrophicus is proposed. Strain ATCC 33466 (= strain 1 = NS1) is the type strain.
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Electrophoretic Patterns of Proteins in the Genus Bifidobacterium and Proposal of Four New Species
More LessThe polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of soluble cellular proteins from 1,094 strains of bifidobacteria were compared with available deoxyribonu-cleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology data and with the phenotypic and biochemical reactions of these strains. There was excellent correlation between the 25 distinct protein patterns and 24 DNA-DNA homology groups in the genus. Differentiation among species on the basis of common phenotypic properties often was unreliable. Our results demonstrate that the species previously known as “Bifidobacterium eriksonii” is a synonym of Bifidobacterium dentium Scardovi and Crociani; that “Actinomyces parabifidus” is a synonym of Bifidobacterium infantis Reuter; that Bifidobacterium globosum (ex Scardovi, Trovatelli, Crociani, and Sgorbati 1969) sp. nov., nom. rev. (type strain, ATCC 25865) and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Mitsuoka are closely related but distinct entities; and that Bifidobacterium minimum sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 27538) and Bifidobacterium subtile sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 27537) are valid species. Our analyses also indicate that Bifidobacterium coryneforme (ex Scardovi and Trovatelli 1969) sp. nov., nom. rev. (type strain, ATCC 25911) is a valid species. A group of strains intermediate between B. infantis and B. longum, “Bifidobacterium infantis-longum” occurs in calf feces. Identical or nearly identical protein patterns were produced by strains that had 80% or greater DNA homology.
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NOTES: Stomatococcus mucilaginosus gen.nov., sp.nov., ep. rev., a Member of the Family Micrococcaceae
More LessThe name Stomatococcus mucilaginosus gen.nov., sp.nov., ep.rev., is proposed for a group of organisms previously called “Micrococcus mucilaginosus,” a name which is not on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Stomatococcus mucilaginosus consists of gram-positive, encapsulated, nonmotile, non-spore-forming spheres. The distinctive biochemical characters of this organism are as follows: catalase test weakly positive or negative; acid, but not gas, is produced from glucose, trehalose, and glycerol; no acid is produced from mannitol, lactose, or xylose; hydrolyzes gelatin and esculin; produces acetoin; and reduces nitrate to nitrite. This organism is negative in tests for coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, and arginine dihydrolase; it does not grow on nutrient agar supplemented with 5% NaCl. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its deoxyribonucleic acid varies between 56 and 60 mol%. The genus is placed in the family Micrococcaceae since the strains possess most of the characteristics of this family. Four striking differences between S. mucilaginosus and species of the genus Micrococcus are found in the following: encapsulation of cells, catalase reaction, ability to grow on nutrient agar supplemented with 5% NaCl, and guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid. Strain CCM 2417 (= ATCC 25296 = NCTC 10663) is the type strain of this new species. S. mucilaginosus is the type species of the genus Stomatococcus.
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Rhizobium loti, a New Species of Legume Root Nodule Bacteria
More LessComparative studies of fast-growing Lotus rhizobia were reviewed, and as a result a new species, Rhizobium loti, is proposed. The type strain of this species, which was isolated from a root nodule on Lotus corniculatus (bird’s-foot trefoil), is NZP 2213 (= ATCC 33669). Plant specificity, phage relationships, the solubleprotein pattern, and deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence homology distinguished R. loti from currently recognized Rhizobium species.
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Azomonas macrocytogenes (ex Baillie, Hodgkiss, and Norris 1962, 118) nom. rev
P. B. NEW and Y. T. TCHANThe name Azomonas macrocytogenes (Jensen) Baillie, Hodgkiss, and Norris 1962, 118 is not in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. The organism to which this name refers does not belong to the genus Azotobacter, although the name Azotobacter macrocytogenes Jensen 1955, 280 was included in the Approved Lists. Reasons are presented for including the organism in the genus Azomonas, and the name Azomonas macrocytogenes is revived. The type strain is ATCC 12335.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Escherichiaceae nom. nov., a Name to Replace Enterobacteriaceae Request for an Opinion
More LessThe family name Escherichiaceae is proposed as a replacement for Enterobacteriaceae, a name which is not formed in accord with the rules of nomenclature.
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- Errata
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First Report of the Cooperative, Open-Ended Study of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria by the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy
L. G. WAYNE, R. C. GOOD, M. I. KRICHEVSKY, R. E. BEAM, Z. BLACKLOCK, S. D. CHAPARAS, D. DAWSON, S. FROMAN, W. GROSS, J. HAWKINS, P. A. JENKINS, I. JUHLIN, W. KÄPPLER, H. H. KLEEBERG, I. KRASNOW, M. J. LEFFORD, E. MANKIEWICZ, C. McDURMONT, G. MEISSNER, P. MORGAN, E. E. NEL, S. R. PATTYN, F. PORTAELS, P. A. RICHARDS, S. RÜSCH, K. H. SCHRÖDER, V. A. SILCOX, I. SZABO, M. TSUKAMURA and B. VERGMANN
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)