- Volume 37, Issue 4, 1987
Volume 37, Issue 4, 1987
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Rejection of the Genus Name Pirella for Pear-Shaped Budding Bacteria and Proposal to Create the Genus Pirellula gen. nov.
More LessThe genus name Pirella Schlesner and Hirsch (1984) is invalid according to the Bacteriological Code, and the new genus name Pirellula is proposed.
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Transfer of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (Cooke and Keith) to the Genus Corynebacterium as Corynebacterium ammoniagenes comb. nov.
More LessBrevibacterium ammoniagenes (Cooke and Keith) differs so much from the type species of the genus Brevibacterium, Brevibacterium linens, that it should not be retained within this genus. On the basis of biochemical and chemical criteria, it is proposed that Brevibacterium ammoniagenes be reclassified in the genus Corynebacterium as Corynebacterium ammoniagenes comb. nov. The type strain is ATCC 6871 (NCIB 8143).
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Lactose-Positive Bacillus subtilis Strains and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
More LessOf 130 strains classified as Bacillus subtilis, 60 fermented lactose and utilized gluconate slowly. High deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness values of 70 to 100% to the type strain (NRRL B-14393) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens indicated these organisms to be strains of that species. The 70 remaining strains did not ferment lactose, utilized gluconate strongly, and were highly related genetically to the type strain (NRRL NRS-744) of B. subtilis. Lactose fermentation was observed in a standard medium containing 2% lactose instead of the usual 0.5%. Low deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness values of 25 to 37% established that neither group was related to B. pumilus, B. coagulans, B. firmus, or B. licheniformis. The results indicated that lactose fermentation and gluconate utilization are characteristics that can differentiate between B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens.
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Methylophilus: a New Genus of Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria
More LessA new genus, Methylophilus, and species of restricted facultative methanol-utilizing bacteria are described. These bacteria are aerobic gram-negative rods that occur singly and in pairs. In addition to methanol and glucose, a limited range of other carbon compounds including fructose and methylamines may be used as the sole carbon and energy source. The fatty acid composition is primarily of the nonhydroxylated straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated types. The major isoprenoid quinone components are ubiquinones with eight isoprene units. The major polar lipid components are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 50 to 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The name of the genus proposed for these bacteria is Methylophilus gen. nov. The name of the type species is Methylophilus methylotrophus sp. nov. The type strain is AS1 (= NCIB 10515).
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Guanine-Plus-Cytosine Contents of Type Strains of the Genus Providencia
More LessThe guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the type strains of Providencia alcalifaciens, P. friedericiana, P. stuartii, P. rettgeri, P. rustigianii, and P. heimbachae were determined by thermal denaturation and were found to be between 39 and 43 mol%. These results agreed with the values previously reported for members of the genus Providencia.
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Characterization of a Restriction Endonuclease from Ureaplasma urealyticum 960 and Differences in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Modification of Human Ureaplasmas
More LessUur9601, a restriction endonuclease from Ureaplasma urealyticum 960T, cleaved at the sequence 5′-GC/NGC-3′ and is thus an isoschizomer of Fnu4HI. Fnu4HI cleaved deoxyribonucleic acid from human ureaplasma serovars I, III, and VI but not from II, IV, V, VII, VIII (strain 960), and IX. This grouping of serovars, indicative of their deoxyribonucleic acid modification, matches that previously reported by others using different criteria.
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Determination of the Guanine-Plus-Cytosine Content of Mollicutes by Isopycnic Gradient Centrifugation
More LessThe guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) ratio of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was determined for 7 Acholeplasma and 24 Mycoplasma species by a new method that combines a micro-scale preparation of DNA with isopycnic gradient centrifugation. For three Acholeplasma and seven Mycoplasma species, the results were compared with values obtained by other investigators.
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Polynucleobacter necessarius gen. nov., sp. nov., an Obligately Endosymbiotic Bacterium Living in the Cytoplasm of Euplotes aediculatus
More LessObligately endosymbiotic bacteria living in the cytoplasm of ciliates of the genus Euplotes constitute the new genus Polynucleobacter gen. nov. These endosymbionts are commonly known as omicron and omicronlike particles. The best-studied form, as well as the type species, is omicron from stock 15 of Euplotes aediculatus. We propose the name Polynucleobacter necessarius gen. nov., sp. nov., for this bacterium.
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Nomenclature of Saccharopolyspora erythraea Labeda 1987 and Streptomyces erythraeus (Waksman 1923) Waksman and Henrici 1948, and Proposals for the Alternative Epithet Streptomyces labedae sp. nov.
More LessThe correct citation for the taxon represented by the type strain ATCC 11635 is Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Waksman 1923) Labeda 1987. The name Streptomyces erythraeus used with the type strain NRRL B-5616 is illegitimate, and the name Streptomyces labedae sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon.
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Caedibacter caryophila sp. nov., a Killer Symbiont Inhabiting the Macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum
More LessCaedibacter caryophila sp. nov. lives in the macronucleus of certain strains of Paramecium caudatum. The type strain is 221, carried in P. caudatum C221. C. caryophila is distinguished from other caedibacteria on the basis of host specificity, R body morphology, behavior of R bodies, and guanine-plus-cytosine content of its deoxyribonucleic acid.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Sequence Relatedness among Members of the Yeast Genus Kluyveromyces
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition and DNA base sequence relatedness comparisons were used for species delineation in the genus Kluyveromyces. Base composition values separated the members of the genus into three groups. The groups were further subdivided by comparing base sequences by using DNA/DNA renaturation experiments. Two DNA homology groups were identified. The first group included Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Kluyveromyces bulgaricus, Kluyveromyces cicerisporus, Kluyveromyces wikenii, and three anamorphs (Candida kefyr, Candida pseudotropicalis, and Torula cremoris); the members of this group exhibited ≥90% DNA base sequence complementarity. The second group consisted of Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces vanudenii, Kluyveromyces drosophilarum, and Kluyveromyces phaseolosporus; various pairs of these yeasts shared 64 to 98% of their DNA sequences. The two groups were only distantly related to each other (≤15% DNA base sequence complementarity). The other Kluyveromyces species appear to be unique, not being closely related to either of the two homology groups or to one another. Relationships deduced from comparisons of DNAs agreed well with those deduced by other workers from immunological comparisons of exo-β-glucanases and from isoenzyme analysis but were only in partial agreement with a taxonomic arrangement made on the basis of mating studies. We propose recognition of the following species: Kluyveromyces aestuarii, Kluyveromyces africanus, Kluyveromyces blattae, Kluyveromyces delphensis, Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, K. lactis (syn. K. drosophilarum, K. phaseolosporus, and K. vanudenii), Kluyveromyces lodderi, K. marxianus (syn. K. bulgaricus, K. cicerisporus, K. fragilis, and K. wikenii), Kluyveromyces phaffii, Kluyveromyces polysporus, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Kluyveromyces waltii, and Kluyveromyces wickerhamii.
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Taxonomic Revision of the Yeast Genus Kluyveromyces by Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid Reassociation
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid relatedness among the type strains of all taxa and known anamorphs assigned to the yeast genus Kluyveromyces was assessed by the optical reassociation technique. Three groups of species related at the 95% level or higher were found: (i) K. lactis including K. drosophilarum, K. phaseolosporus, K. vanudeni, and the anamorph Candida sphaerica; (ii) K. marxianus with K. bulgaricus, K. cicerisporus, K. fragilis, K. wikenii, and the anamorphs Candida kefyr, Candida macedoniensis, and Candida pseudotropicalis; (iii) K. thermotolerans with K. veronae and the anamorph Candida dattila. The remaining species, including the recently described K. blattae and K. waltii, are not related to each other or to the members of the above three groups. The nomen nudum K. cellobiovorus is not conspecific with any of the species of the genus. The species assignment obtained by nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation does not entirely conform with the previously proposed reorganization of the genus Kluyveromyces (J.-P. van der Walt and E. Johannsen, p. 224–251, in N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij, ed., The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study, 1984).
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Pichia barkeri, a New Yeast Species Occurring in Necrotic Tissue of Opuntia stricta
More LessWe describe Pichia barkeri, a new cactophilic yeast species occurring in necrotic tissue of Opuntia stricta in New South Wales, Australia, and on several islands in the Caribbean Sea. The new species is homothallic and appears to occur in nature in the haploid state. After conjugation between a mother cell and a bud, four hat-shaped spores are produced that are rapidly released from the ascus. The range of guanine-plus-cytosine contents for the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acids of 22 strains is 35.7 to 36.6 mol% (average, 36.1 mol%; standard deviation, 0.2 mol%). The type strain of P. barkeri is strain UCD-FST 83-994.3 (ATCC 64111, CBS 7256) isolated at Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Request for an opinion: Designation of Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev., as the Type and Only Species of the Genus Salmonella
More LessSince the publication of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type species of the genus Salmonella has been S. choleraesuis. At the time of publication of the Approved Lists, five Salmonella species had standing in the nomenclature, and the description of S. choleraesuis was the same as that of the serotype of that name. Several studies have shown that the genus Salmonella consists of only one species, and the strict application of the Bacteriological Code would recognize S. choleraesuis (the type species) as the single Salmonella species. This can lead to confusion and hazards since the specific epithet is also the name of a serovar (serovar Choleraesuis). This confusion is increased by the common practice of using serovar names as if they represented species names (e.g., S. typhi, S. choleraesuis, and S. typhimurium). Some serovars (e.g., Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar Typhi) are highly pathogenic and cause a disease different from that caused by other serovars (e.g. S. choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar Choleraesuis). To avoid further confusion, it is proposed to use for the single Salmonella species a name which has not been used earlier for a serotype. It is thus requested that the type species of the genus Salmonella be Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev. with strain CIP 60.62 (a H2S-producing clone of strain LT2) as the type strain. Since the name S. choleraesuis is not proposed for rejection, bacteriologists who do not accept the single species concept of the genus Salmonella will be free to use the name S. choleraesuis as a synonym of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Choleraesuis.
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- Errata
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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