- Volume 38, Issue 2, 1988
Volume 38, Issue 2, 1988
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
-
-
-
Methanohalophilus zhilinae sp. nov., an Alkaliphilic, Halophilic, Methylotrophic Methanogen
More LessMethanohalophilus zhilinae, a new alkaliphilic, halophilic, methylotrophic species of methanogenic bacteria, is described. Strain WeN5T (T = type strain) from Bosa Lake of the Wadi el Natrun in Egypt was designated the type strain and was further characterized. This strain was nonmotile, able to catabolize dimethylsulfide, and able to grow in medium with a methyl group-containing substrate (such as methanol or trimethylamine) as the sole organic compound added. Sulfide (21 mM) inhibited cultures growing on trimethylamine. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of strain WeN5T was typical of the pattern for archaeobacteria, and the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 38 mol%. Characterization of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence indicated that strain WeN5T is phylogenetically distinct from members of previously described genera other than Methanohalophilus and supported the partition of halophilic methanogens into their own genus.
-
-
-
-
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Other Members of the Family Mycobacteriaceae
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization was used to determine the relationships of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium to 24 mycobacterial strains representing seven species. Our results indicate that M. paratuberculosis should be considered a member of the same genomic species as M. avium and the wood pigeon bacillus. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, which has been considered a member of the M. avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, shows little DNA similarity to M. avium, M. intracellulare, or M. paratuberculosis.
-
-
-
Genetic and Antigenic Distinction of Mycoplasma pirum from Other Mycoplasmas with Specialized Tip Structures
More LessThe recently established species Mycoplasma pirum was examined for possible genetic and antigenic relatedness to the morphologically similar species Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results of electrophoretic analysis of cell proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage by restriction endonucleases, Southern blot analysis of digested mycoplasmal DNA with ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes and with total genomic DNA as probes, and Western immunoblot analysis rule out any significant degree of genetic relatedness between M. pirum and the other two mycoplasmas, in contrast to the marked antigenic relatedness of M. genitalium to M. pneumoniae. The value of the above molecular tools in resolving taxonomic problems at the species level is demonstrated.
-
-
-
Genomic Relatedness among Mycobacterial Species by Nonisotopic Blot Hybridization
More LessA technique to screen genomic relatedness among mycobacterial species was developed by using a nonisotopic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) blot hybridization method. Total genomic DNAs prepared from type strains of 26 species of Mycobacterium, armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae, and M. lepraemurium were used as fixed-phase DNAs on nitrocellulose filters and were hybridized with biotin-labeled genomic DNAs of test strains as probes. The majority of the type strains were distinguishable from each other by this method. However, blot hybridization showed high levels of DNA relatedness between M. avium and M. paratuberculosis, between M. marinum and M. ulcerans, and also between M. scrofulaceum and M. xenopi, and two other methods (spectrophotometric assay and the SI nuclease method) confirmed that these three pairs of species were more than 80% genomically related. Other pairs of species with phenotypically similar taxonomic matrices, such as M. avium-M. intracellulare, M. gastri-M. kansasii, M. asiaticum-M. szulgai, and M. nonchromogenicum-M. terrae, were readily differentiated from each other by the blot hybridization method. Unclassified “lufu” strains showed a very high level of genomic relatedness with M. asiaticum, which was confirmed by spectrophotometric and S1 nuclease methods.
-
-
-
Electrophoretic Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria
More LessSodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the lipopolysaccharides of a variety of species and strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria. The electrophoretic migration patterns found for various lipopolysaccharides indicated their S or R characters, differences in their O-chain lengths, the presence or absence of unsubstituted core stubs, and the approximate sizes of the repeating units. The gel patterns were similar for closely related species (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis or Rhodocyclus tenuis and Rhodocyclus purpureus). Species-specific migration patterns were noted for Rhodocyclus gelatinosus and Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Identical electrophoretic mobilities were observed for different chemo-/serotypes within the same species (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Rhodocyclus tenuis). A good correlation between chemo-serotypes and migration patterns was observed. Thus, gel electrophoresis of lipopolysaccharides proved to be useful for chemotaxonomic investigations.
-
-
-
Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov. from Gut Contents of a Wide Range of Host Insects
Eleven sterol-nonrequiring mollicute strains isolated from gut contents of representatives of nine insect genera and two strains isolated from flower surfaces (Bidens sp.) were found to be serologically similar to an insect-derived acholeplasma (strain TACT [T = type strain]) described briefly in an earlier report. Strain TACT, isolated from gut fluids of a tabanid fly (Tabanus catenatus) and shown in earlier studies to belong to the class Mollicutes, lacked a sterol requirement for growth and catabolized glucose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. Most strains of the strain TACT cluster grew on serum-free medium alone or on serum-free medium supplemented with a 0.04% Tween 80 fatty acid mixture. The strains grew over a temperature range of 23 to 32°C (optimum, 30°C) but did not grow at 37°C. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 30 mol%. Strain TACT was serologically unrelated to the ten previously-established species in the genus Acholeplasma and to six other unclassified sterol-nonrequiring strains isolated from plant or insect hosts. The data suggest that this group of new acholeplasmas is widespread in insects and may be disseminated among various plant surfaces during feeding excursions. Strain TAC (= ATCC 43706) is proposed as the type strain of Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov.
-
-
-
Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov., Two Species from Human Clinical Specimens
Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies (S1 nuclease method) showed that 23 unidentified Staphylococcus strains form two homogeneous genomic species related 1 to 9% to 24 type strains representing known Staphylococcus species. These new species were named Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus schleiferi. Strains of S. lugdunensis were susceptible to novobiocin, produced a fibrinogen affinity factor, and failed to produce coagulase, heat-stable nuclease, and staphylokinase. S. lugdunensis strains differed from S. hominis (the phenotypically closest species) by production of ornithine decarboxylase and the fibrinogen affinity factor. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 32 mol%. The type strain is N860297 (= ATCC 43809). Strains of S. schleiferi were susceptible to novobiocin, produced a heat-stable nuclease and a fibrinogen affinity factor, and failed to produce coagulase and staphylokinase. S. schleiferi strains differed from S. aureus by production of an antigenically different heat-stable nuclease and the lack of pigmentation, free coagulase, protein A, and β-ribitol teichoic acid. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 37 mol%. The type strain is N850274 (= ATCC 43808).
-
-
-
Nocardia seriolae sp. nov. Causing Nocardiosis of Cultured Fish
More LessFive strains of bacteria causing nocardiosis in cultured fishes (yellowtails [Seriola quinqueradiata] and Japanese flounder [Paralichthys olivaceus]) were studied to establish their taxonomic status. Well-developed fragmenting vegetative mycelium was observed. The chemotype was type IVA containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and mycolic acids were present. These morphological and chemical properties are characteristic of the genus Nocardia. The physiological and biochemical characteristics were most similar to those of Nocardia asteroides; however, these organisms were different in their decomposition of urea, growth temperature, utilization of nitrogen sources, survival at 50°C for 8 h, mycolic and fatty acid profiles, and deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization characteristics. Therefore, we propose a new species for these strains, Nocardia seriolae. The type strain is strain JCM 3360.
-
-
-
Clostridium josui sp. nov., a Cellulolytic, Moderate Thermophilic Species from Thai Compost
More LessA new strictly anaerobic, moderate thermophilic (optimum temperature, 45°C), cellulolytic, sporeforming bacterium was isolated from Thai compost. The cells of this organism stained gram positive but became gram negative as cultures reached stationary phase. They were nonmotile rods and formed terminal oval spores which swelled the cells. The deep colonies of this organism were spindle shaped and yellowish white. A variety of carbohydrates, such as cellobiose, esculin, and xylose, served as substrates for growth. Ethanol, acetate, butyrate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide were produced during growth on cellulose or cellobiose. This organism hydrolyzed crystalline cellulose, rice straw, and other cellulosic materials without any chemical pretreatment. Optimal growth occurred at 45°C and pH 7.0. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition was 40 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The name Clostridium josui sp. nov. is proposed for this new isolate, and the type strain has been deposited in the Fermentation Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan, as strain FERM P-9684.
-
-
-
Pragia fontium gen. nov., sp. nov. of the Family Enterobacteriaceae, Isolated from Water
Pragia is proposed as a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Pragia fontium is proposed for the single Pragia species, in which 18 strains are known, all of which were isolated in Czechoslovakia. P. fontium strains give positive tests for Simmons citrate, H2S production, motility, acid production from d-glucose and d-galactose, and gluconate oxidation. The majority of strains are positive in tests for methyl red and esculin. Acid production from glycerol, salicin, and d-xylose varies among strains, whereas all strains are negative in Voges-Proskauer tests and tests for indole production, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, growth in KCN, malonate utilization, gas production from d-glucose, lipase, deoxyribonuclease, tyrosine clearing, and acid production from carbohydrates other than those noted above. The levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness of seven P. fontium strains to labeled DNA from the type strain ranged from 85 to 94% (hydroxyapatite method at 60 and 75°C); the levels of DNA relatedness of P. fontium to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 17% or less except for biochemically atypical Budvicia aquatica DRL 23575 (37%). Seventeen P. fontium strains were isolated from wells or water pipes, and one strain was isolated from the stool of a healthy woman. The type strain of P. fontium is strain CNCTC Eb 11/82 (= CDC 963-84 = DRL 20125).
-
-
-
Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Campylobacter
More LessThe phylogenetic relationships of all species in the genus Campylobacter, Wolinella succinogenes, and other gram-negative bacteria were determined by comparison of partial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences. The results of this study indicate that species now recognized in the genus Campylobacter make up three separate ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence homology groups. Homology group I contains the following true Campylobacter species: Campylobacter fetus (type species), Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter laridis, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter mucosalis, Campylobacter sputorum, and “Campylobacter upsaliensis” (CNW strains). “Campylobacter cinaedi,” “Campylobacter fennelliae,” Campylobacter pylori, and W. succinogenes constitute homology group II. Homology group III contains Campylobacter cryaerophila and Campylobacter nitrofigilis. We consider the three homology groups to represent separate genera. However, at present, easily determinable phenotypic characteristics needed to clearly differentiate them are not apparent. The three homology groups are only distantly related to representatives of the alpha, beta, and gamma branches of the purple bacteria, indicating that these bacteria do not belong to any previously defined branch of this phylum.
-
-
-
Specificity of a Monoclonal Antibody for Alkaline Phosphatase in Escherichia coli and Shigella Species
More LessThe specificity of monoclonal antibody 2E5 for the alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli was studied against the alkaline phosphatases of 251 other bacterial strains. The organisms used included members of the six species of the genus Escherichia (E. coli, E. fergusonii, E. hermannii, E. blattae, E. vulneris, E. adecarboxylata), 41 species representing the family Enterobacteriaceae, and, in addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Vibrio cholerae non-01. Three methods were used. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed against 2IU of alkaline phosphatase per ml; immunofluorescence against bacterial cells and Western blotting against periplasmic proteins were also used. All of our experiments demonstrated the high specificity of monoclonal antibody 2E5. This antibody recognized only E. coli (118 strains tested) and the four species of the genus Shigella (S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. dysenteriae; 12 strains tested).
-
-
-
Eubacterium yurii subsp. schtitka subsp. nov.: Test Tube Brush Bacteria from Subgingival Dental Plaque
More LessRepresentative strains of the test tube brush bacterium Eubacterium yurii, previously recovered from subgingival dental plaque of chronic adult periodontitis patients, were examined by determining their serological reactivities, protein electrophoretic patterns, deoxyribonucleic acid homologies, and bone resorptive activities in vitro. Our results indicate the existence of a third subspecies, E. yurii subsp. schtitka subsp. nov., in addition to the two previously described subspecies, E. yurii subsp. yurii and E. yurii subsp. margaretiae. The third subspecies is phosphatase negative and asaccharolytic and does not stimulate bone resorption in vitro. The type strain of E. yurii subsp. schtitka is strain ATCC 43716.
-
-
-
Acinetobacter radioresistens sp. nov. Isolated from Cotton and Soil
More LessA new species of Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter radioresistens, is proposed for three radiation-resistant Acinetobacter strains which were isolated from samples of cotton and soil. This species is phenotypically, genetically, and enzymatically distinguished from other Acinetobacter species. Strains of this species are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, nonfermentative, aerobic, pleomorphic coccobacilli and produce no acid from saccharides; they assimilated 16 of the 52 carbon sources which we examined. The radiation-resistant Acinetobacter strains had little deoxyribonucleic acid homology (15 to 44%) with other Acinetobacter strains and showed a different pattern from other Acinetobacter strains on electrophoretic analysis of enzymes. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids are 44.1 to 44.8 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids are C18:1, C16:1 and C16:0, and the ubiquinone system is Q-9. The type strain of this species is strain FO-1 (= IAM 13186).
-
- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
-
-
-
Proposal of Minimal Standards for Describing New Taxa of Methanogenic Bacteria †
More LessThe Subcommittee for Taxonomy of Methanogenic Bacteria has agreed in principle on minimum requirements for the description of new taxa of methanogenic bacteria. These requirements, as well as methods for determining specified characteristics, are indicated here and are proposed as minimal standards for the taxonomic description of new taxa of methanogens. The specified phenotypic characteristics are often not sufficient to distinguish among taxa or to determine the phylogenetic placement of a taxon, and, in these cases, additional chemotaxonomic, molecular, or genetic data may be required. The placement of a new taxon should be consistent with phylogeny, usually based on tests such as nucleic acid sequencing or cataloging studies or on protein fingerprinting. Suggestions are welcome for the improvement of these requirements, which are tentative until given final approval by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
-
-
- Errata
-
Volumes and issues
-
Volume 74 (2024)
-
Volume 73 (2023)
-
Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
-
Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
-
Volume 70 (2020)
-
Volume 69 (2019)
-
Volume 68 (2018)
-
Volume 67 (2017)
-
Volume 66 (2016)
-
Volume 65 (2015)
-
Volume 64 (2014)
-
Volume 63 (2013)
-
Volume 62 (2012)
-
Volume 61 (2011)
-
Volume 60 (2010)
-
Volume 59 (2009)
-
Volume 58 (2008)
-
Volume 57 (2007)
-
Volume 56 (2006)
-
Volume 55 (2005)
-
Volume 54 (2004)
-
Volume 53 (2003)
-
Volume 52 (2002)
-
Volume 51 (2001)
-
Volume 50 (2000)
-
Volume 49 (1999)
-
Volume 48 (1998)
-
Volume 47 (1997)
-
Volume 46 (1996)
-
Volume 45 (1995)
-
Volume 44 (1994)
-
Volume 43 (1993)
-
Volume 42 (1992)
-
Volume 41 (1991)
-
Volume 40 (1990)
-
Volume 39 (1989)
-
Volume 38 (1988)
-
Volume 37 (1987)
-
Volume 36 (1986)
-
Volume 35 (1985)
-
Volume 34 (1984)
-
Volume 33 (1983)
-
Volume 32 (1982)
-
Volume 31 (1981)
-
Volume 30 (1980)
-
Volume 29 (1979)
-
Volume 28 (1978)
-
Volume 27 (1977)
-
Volume 26 (1976)
-
Volume 25 (1975)
-
Volume 24 (1974)
-
Volume 23 (1973)
-
Volume 22 (1972)
-
Volume 21 (1971)
-
Volume 20 (1970)
-
Volume 19 (1969)
-
Volume 18 (1968)
-
Volume 17 (1967)
-
Volume 16 (1966)
-
Volume 15 (1965)
-
Volume 14 (1964)
-
Volume 13 (1963)
-
Volume 12 (1962)
-
Volume 11 (1961)
-
Volume 10 (1960)
-
Volume 9 (1959)
-
Volume 8 (1958)
-
Volume 7 (1957)
-
Volume 6 (1956)
-
Volume 5 (1955)
-
Volume 4 (1954)
-
Volume 3 (1953)
-
Volume 2 (1952)
-
Volume 1 (1951)