- Volume 53, Issue 6, 2003
Volume 53, Issue 6, 2003
- New Taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Herbaspirillum lusitanum sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris
Several bacterial strains were isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in a soil from Portugal. The strains were Gram-negative, aerobic, curved rod-shaped and motile. The isolates were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The TP-RAPD (two-primer randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) patterns of all strains were identical, suggesting that they belong to the same species. The complete 16S rDNA sequence of a representative strain was obtained and phylogenetic analysis based on the neighbour-joining method indicated that this bacterium belongs to the β-Proteobacteria and that the closest related genus is Herbaspirillum. The DNA G+C content ranged from 57·9 to 61·9 mol%. Growth was observed with many different carbohydrates and organic acids including caprate, malate, citrate and phenylacetate. No growth was observed with maltose, meso-inositol, meso-erythritol or adipate as sole carbon source. According to the phenotypic and genotypic data obtained in this work, the bacterium represents a novel species of the genus Herbaspirillum, and the name Herbaspirillum lusitanum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P6-12T (=LMG 21710T=CECT 5661T).
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Psychrobacter okhotskensis sp. nov., a lipase-producing facultative psychrophile isolated from the coast of the Okhotsk Sea
More LessA facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, strain MD17T, which hydrolyses lipids at 5 °C, was isolated from the Monbetsu coast of the Okhotsk Sea in Hokkaido, Japan, when ice carried by the cold current came to the area. The isolate is an aerobic, non-motile coccobacillus that reduces nitrate to nitrite and hydrolyses Tweens 20, 40, 60 and 80, but not gelatin, DNA or alginic acid. The isolate grows at 0 °C, but not at temperatures higher than 36 °C; its optimum growth temperature is 25 °C. It grows in the presence of 0–10 % NaCl. Its major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and its DNA G+C content is 46·7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MD17T is closely related to Psychrobacter glacincola DSM 12194T (99·0 % similarity) and Psychrobacter immobilis DSM 7229T (98·7 % similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization revealed 45·9 % relatedness between strain MD17T and P. immobilis ATCC 43116T and 33·4 % between strain MD17T and P. glacincola ATCC 700754T. Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic position (as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis) and DNA–DNA relatedness, it is concluded that the isolate should be designated as a novel species, for which the name Psychrobacter okhotskensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MD17T (=NCIMB 13931T=JCM 11840T).
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Sphingobium amiense sp. nov., a novel nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from a river sediment
More LessA nonylphenol-degrading bacterial strain (YTT) was isolated previously from a river sediment sample obtained in Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan, and identified as a Sphingomonas species. In this study, the taxonomic relationship between strain YTT, a recently described nonylphenol-degrading strain, Sphingomonas cloacae, and Sphingobium yanoikuyae, which is phylogenetically related, was examined. Their phenotypic characteristics were compared and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between these strains were determined. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA–DNA hybridization, it is proposed that strain YTT (=IAM 15006T=JCM 11777T=CIP 107839T) represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobium, Sphingobium amiense sp. nov.
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Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel species that actively solubilizes phosphate in vitro
A bacterial strain (designated IH5T), isolated from rhizospheric soil of grasses growing spontaneously in Spanish soil, actively solubilized phosphates in vitro when bicalcium phosphate was used as a phosphorus source. This strain was Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile. The strain produced catalase, but not oxidase. Cellulose, casein, starch, gelatin, aesculin and urea were not hydrolysed. Growth was observed with many carbohydrates as the carbon source. The main non-polar fatty acids detected were hexadecenoic acid (C16 : 1), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1). The hydroxy fatty acids detected were 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C10 : 0 3-OH), 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (C12 : 0 3-OH) and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid (C12 : 0 2-OH). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that this bacterium belongs to the genus Pseudomonas in the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria and that the closest related species is Pseudomonas graminis. The DNA G+C content was 61 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization showed 23 % relatedness between strain IH5T and P. graminis DSM 11363T. Therefore, strain IH5T belongs to a novel species from the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed (type strain, IH5T=LMG 21640T=CECT 5726T).
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Marinobacter excellens sp. nov., isolated from sediments of the Sea of Japan
Five strains of halophilic, Gram-negative marine bacteria (KMM 3809T, KMM 3814, KMM 3815, KMM 3817 and KMM 3818) were isolated from sediments collected from Chazhma Bay, Sea of Japan. Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene sequence-based analysis placed these bacteria in a clade within the genus Marinobacter in the γ-Proteobacteria. KMM 3809T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97·3 % to Marinobacter litoralis and 96·9 % to Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus and Marinobacter aquaeolei. DNA–DNA hybridization between the five isolates was at the conspecific level (94–96 %) and that among the closest phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 45·0 to 62·5 %. The new organisms were susceptible to polymyxin. Predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 1 ω9c. Phylogenetic evidence, along with phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, showed that the bacteria constituted a novel species of the genus Marinobacter. The name Marinobacter excellens sp. nov. is proposed for this species, with the type strain KMM 3809T (=CIP 107686T).
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- Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Elevation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999 to species rank as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov., sp. nov.
More LessMycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates recovered from goats were originally classified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae; however, this subspecies was recently reclassified as Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae. Besides biochemical (sensitivity to pyrazinamide) and epidemiological features, strains of this unusual member of the M. tuberculosis complex show a special combination of pncA, oxyR, katG and gyrA gene polymorphisms. Sequence analysis of the gyrB gene in these strains reveals special nucleotide substitutions not found in other members of the M. tuberculosis complex that can be used to differentiate caprine mycobacterial strains from M. bovis and other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. M. tuberculosis subsp. caprae now appears not to be restricted to Spanish goats, as strains of this organism have been isolated from cattle, wild boar and pigs. Its occurrence has also been reported in France, Austria and Germany. Two studies on the evolution of the M. tuberculosis complex based on the presence/absence of regions of difference have shown that the group of caprine isolates (or its ancestor) is older than M. bovis (or its ancestor). These findings reinforce the original suggestion that the caprine mycobacterial strains are a taxon of the M. tuberculosis complex, independent of M. bovis. Within the current context of the existing nomenclature of the M. tuberculosis complex, it is proposed that M. tuberculosis subsp. caprae be elevated to species status, as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov., sp. nov.
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Soehngenia saccharolytica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Clostridium amygdalinum sp. nov., two novel anaerobic, benzaldehyde-converting bacteria
Two anaerobic, benzaldehyde-converting bacteria were isolated from an anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-reactor treating potato starch waste water. Strain BOR-YT converted benzaldehyde to benzoate and benzylalcohol in approximately equimolar concentrations. Benzaldehyde conversion did not support growth. Strain BOR-YT was Gram-positive and rod-shaped, and its cells were slightly thickened in the middle. The strain was a mesophilic spore-former that grew between 15 and 40 °C, with optimum growth at 30–37 °C. The optimum pH for growth was pH 7·0. Strain BOR-YT grew on a wide range of carbohydrates and some other carbon sources including yeast extract, cysteine and serine. The G+C content of its DNA was 42 mol%. According to physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, confirmed by DNA–DNA hybridization with its phylogenetic neighbours, strain BOR-YT belongs to a novel genus of cluster XII of the clostridia, namely Soehngenia; the name Soehngenia saccharolytica is proposed for the type species (type strain BOR-YT=DSM 12858T=ATCC BAA-502T). Strain BR-10T reduced benzaldehyde to benzylalcohol. This conversion was coupled to growth. In a medium containing yeast extract, the presence of benzaldehyde resulted in the accumulation of more than twofold more cells. Strain BR-10T was a Gram-positive organism that was characterized by oval- or rod-shaped cells with oval ends, which occurred singly, in pairs or sometimes in chains. The strain was moderately thermophilic and grew between 20 and 60 °C, with optimum growth at 45 °C. The optimum pH for growth was between pH 7·0 and 7·5. Strain BR-10T grew on a wide range of carbon sources including carbohydrates, yeast extract, casein and some amino acids. The G+C content of its DNA was 32 mol%. As determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BR-10T represents a novel species of cluster XIVa of the clostridia; the name Clostridium amygdalinum is proposed for this novel species (type strain BR-10T=DSM 12857T=ATCC BAA-501T).
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Arthrobacter gandavensis sp. nov., for strains of veterinary origin
More LessThree strains of a previously undescribed, Gram-positive, coryneform bacterium, which were isolated from cattle, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the unknown isolates were members of the genus Arthrobacter and were phylogenetically closely related to Arthrobacter luteolus. However, DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that the strains belonged to a new sub-lineage within the genus Arthrobacter. The unknown isolates can be distinguished from related species by biochemical tests. It is proposed that the Arthrobacter-like bacteria of veterinary origin should be classified in the genus Arthrobacter as Arthrobacter gandavensis sp. nov., with the type strain LMG 21285T (=DSM 15046T).
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Luteococcus sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human blood
More LessAn unusual catalase-positive, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium that originated from a human blood specimen was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cell-wall murein and lipid composition analyses indicated that the unknown isolate was a member of the genus Luteococcus. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were consistent with chemotaxonomic findings and showed that the unidentified bacterium represents a hitherto unknown sublineage within the genus Luteococcus that is closely related to, but distinct from, Luteococcus japonicus. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from human blood should be classified as Luteococcus sanguinis sp. nov., with the type strain CCUG 33897T (=CIP 107216T).
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Aeromicrobium marinum sp. nov., an abundant pelagic bacterium isolated from the German Wadden Sea
More LessAn obligately salt-dependent Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain T2T, was isolated from surface waters of the German Wadden Sea. The organism exhibited optimum growth at salt concentrations similar to that of sea water. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic differences, it is concluded that strain T2T (=DSM 15272T=LMG 21768T) is the first marine species of the genus Aeromicrobium to be identified, for which the name Aeromicrobium marinum is proposed. It is also the first described marine bacterium within the family Nocardioidaceae. Strain T2T is a rod-shaped, aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium containing ll-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan and MK-9(H4) as the major menaquinone. The bacterium is characterized by high proportions of the fatty acids palmitic acid, oleic acid, tuberculostearic acid and hydroxypalmitic acid. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis showed the marine bacterium to display 29·1 % relatedness with Aeromicrobium fastidiosum DSM 10552T and 44·4 % relatedness with Aeromicrobium erythreum DSM 8599T. A. marinum was demonstrated to be an abundant member of the pelagic bacterial community in the German Wadden Sea since it represented about 1 % of the total bacterial population as revealed by dot-blot hybridization and most-probable-number counts.
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Brachybacterium muris sp. nov., isolated from the liver of a laboratory mouse strain
More LessA coccoid- to ovoid-shaped, Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated C3H-21T, was isolated from the liver of the laboratory mouse strain C3H/He and characterized by a polyphasic approach. The peptidoglycan type was variation A4γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge of d-asp-d-Glu. The isolate contained menaquinone MK-7 (88 %) as the major component of the quinone system and minor amounts of menaquinone MK-8 (9 %) and menaquinone MK-6 (3 %). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipids and unidentified phospholipids. The fatty acid profile contained predominantly anteiso-C15 : 0 and significant amounts of iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C19 : 0. The polyamine pattern consisted of spermine and spermidine as the major compounds. Genomic fingerprints clearly distinguished strain C3H-21T from other Brachybacterium species. The isolate shared the highest 16S rDNA sequence similarities with members of the genus Brachybacterium, in particular Brachybacterium sacelli LMG 20345T, Brachybacterium nesterenkovii DSM 9573T, Brachybacterium rhamnosum LMG 19848T, Brachybacterium alimentarium CNRZ 925T and Brachybacterium fresconis LMG 20336T (97·8–97·2 %). The results of biochemical/physiological characterization, chemotaxonomic characteristics and REP-PCR-generated fingerprints demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium muris (type strain C3H-21T=DSM 14560T=CCM 7047T) is proposed.
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Propionicimonas paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, propionate-producing bacterium isolated from plant residue in irrigated rice-field soil
More LessTwo propionate-producing strains (WdT and Wf) that were isolated anaerobically from plant residue of irrigated rice-field soil in Japan were characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. The growth rate of strain WdT was very slow in basal medium, but both growth and propionate production were stimulated significantly by the addition of cyanocobalamin. Strain Wf grew well in basal medium and produced substantial amounts of fermentation products, including propionate. Other phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the two isolates were almost identical. Both were facultatively anaerobic, but much better growth was observed under anaerobic conditions. Cells were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and pleomorphic rods with irregular V- or crescent-shaped cell arrangements. Fermentation products from glucose in the presence of excess cyanocobalamin were acetate, lactate, a small amount of succinate and CO2, in addition to propionate. Both oxidase and catalase activities were negative. The strains possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and their major cellular fatty acids were C13 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0. The isolates had high genomic DNA G+C contents (68·7 and 67·4 mol%, respectively). Menaquinones MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4) were the predominant respiratory quinones. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences placed both strains in the Actinobacteria, with Micropruina glycogenica as their closest relative (sequence similarity values of 95·8 and 95·7 %, respectively). Microlunatus phosphovorus and Friedmanniella antarctica were also related closely to the isolates. As their morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics were distinctly different from those of any related species, Propionicimonas paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain of the novel species is WdT (=JCM 11933T=DSM 15597T).
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Emended description of Janibacter terrae, including ten dibenzofuran-degrading strains and Janibacter brevis as its later heterotypic synonym
Ten Gram-positive strains that degraded dibenzofuran belonged to one homogeneous cluster with common biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. The strains included the previously described strains [Terrabacter sp.] DPO 360 and DPO 1361 and were isolated from different locations in central Europe. They all shared menaquinone MK-8(H4) and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and showed the same cellular fatty acid, polar lipid and RiboPrint patterns. Chemotaxonomic properties, as well as DNA G+C content (72·8 mol%), were consistent with those described for the genus Janibacter. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences suggested a close relationship to Janibacter terrae and Janibacter brevis. DNA–DNA hybridization of two dibenzofuran-degrading strains (DPO 360 and DPO 1361) and the type strains of J. terrae and J. brevis revealed that these strains belong to the same species. An emended description of the species J. terrae is given. J. brevis is a later heterotypic synonym of J. terrae.
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Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the Himalayan region
Four coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant cocci, designated CW1T, PM34, MM3 and RW78, were isolated from the respiratory tract of goats kept in the Himalayan region. The four isolates were assigned to a single species on the basis of almost identical biochemical and physiological traits, protein profiles obtained after SDS-PAGE and identical genomic fingerprints generated after enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Strain CW1T showed highest 16S rDNA sequence similarities to Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticus ATCC 49330T, Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305T, S. cohnii subsp. cohnii ATCC 29974T, Staphylococcus arlettae ATCC 43957T, Staphylococcus gallinarum ATCC 35539T, Staphylococcus succinus ATCC 700337T and Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC 29971T (99·0, 98·8, 98·8, 98·4, 98·2, 98·1 and 98·1 %, respectively), indicating its classification within the genus Staphylococcus. The polar lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, quinone systems and diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid were in agreement with the characteristics of the genus Staphylococcus. DNA–DNA hybridization with closely related Staphylococcus species suggested that strain CW1T represents an as-yet unrecognized species. Based on these results, a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus is described, Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov. The type strain is CW1T (=DSM 15150T=CCM 7045T) and the most dissimilar strain is PM34 (=DSM 15151=CCM 7046).
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Planococcus maritimus sp. nov., isolated from sea water of a tidal flat in Korea
More LessTwo Gram-positive, motile cocci, strains TF-9T and TF-16, were isolated from sea water of a tidal flat in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the strains fall within the radiation of the cluster comprising Planococcus citreus and Planococcus kocurii, and this cluster joined the clade comprising Planomicrobium species and Planococcus alkanoclasticus and Planococcus psychrophilus with a high bootstrap resampling value. Strains TF-9T and TF-16 contained MK-8, MK-7 and MK-6 as the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of strains TF-9T and TF-16 were respectively 48 and 49 mol%. The level of 16S rDNA identity between strains TF-9T and TF-16 was 98·9 %. Strain TF-9T and TF-16 respectively exhibited levels of 16S rDNA identity of 97·2–98·4 and 96·9–99·5 % to the type strains of Planococcus kocurii, Planococcus citreus and Planococcus antarcticus. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strains TF-9T and TF-16 was 36·7 %. Strains TF-9T and TF-16 respectively exhibited levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of 7·1–43·4 and 3·5–80·9 % to Planococcus citreus DSM 20549T, Planococcus kocurii DSM 20747T and Planococcus antarcticus DSM 14505T. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain TF-9T (=KCCM 41587T=JCM 11543T) should be placed as a novel species of the genus Planococcus, for which the name Planococcus maritimus sp. nov. is proposed, and strain TF-16 should be classified as a member of Planococcus citreus.
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Corynebacterium suicordis sp. nov., from pigs
Nineteen strains of Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from pigs were characterized by using biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular genetic methods. Two distinct groups of organisms were discerned, based on their colonial morphology, CAMP (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen) reaction and numerical profile by using the API Coryne system. The first group (13 strains) gave a doubtful discrimination between Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium amycolatum, whilst the second group (six strains) were identified tentatively as Corynebacterium urealyticum. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that all of the isolates belonged phylogenetically to the genus Corynebacterium. The first group of organisms was highly similar to Corynebacterium testudinoris with respect to 16S rRNA gene sequences and physiological characteristics, whereas the remaining six isolates formed a hitherto unknown subline within the genus, associated with a small subcluster of species that included Corynebacterium auriscanis and its close relatives. The unknown Corynebacterium sp. was distinguished readily from these and other species of the genus by biochemical tests. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the new isolates from pigs should be classified as a novel species, Corynebacterium suicordis sp. nov. The type strain is P81/02T (=CECT 5724T=CCUG 46963T).
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Kitasatospora putterlickiae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil, transfer of Streptomyces kifunensis to the genus Kitasatospora as Kitasatospora kifunensis comb. nov., and emended description of Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar 1948
A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of a rhizosphere isolate that had been assigned provisionally to the genus Kitasatospora. The organism, isolate F18-98T, was found to have chemical and morphological properties that were consistent with its classification as a Kitasatospora strain. Direct 16S rDNA sequence data confirmed the taxonomic position of the strain, following the generation of phylogenetic trees by using three treeing algorithms. The organism formed a 16S rDNA subclade with Kitasatospora azatica and Streptomyces kifunensis, but was distinguished readily from the latter by using a combination of biochemical and physiological properties. Genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain F18-98T should be classified in the genus Kitasatospora as a novel species, for which the name Kitasatospora putterlickiae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain has been deposited in culture collections as strain F18-98T (=DSM 44665T=NCIMB 13932T). It is also proposed that Streptomyces kifunensis should be transferred to the genus Kitasatospora as Kitasatospora kifunensis comb. nov. An emended description of Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar 1948 is also given.
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Reclassification of Subtercola pratensis Behrendt et al. 2002 as Agreia pratensis comb. nov.
More LessComparative analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed a close phylogenetic relationship (99·6 % similarity) between Subtercola pratensis Behrendt et al. 2002 and Agreia bicolorata Evtushenko et al. 2001 . The two species were found to share genus-specific chemotaxonomic characteristics such as the occurrence of d-ornithine and l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid in the peptidoglycan and the profile of cellular fatty acids and 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes. DNA–DNA relatedness of only 47·8 % and differences in phenotypic features such as the menaquinone profile and oxidase and Voges–Proskauer reactions confirmed the distinct species status of S. pratensis and A. bicolorata. On the basis of the data from phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, the reclassification of S. pratensis as Agreia pratensis comb. nov. is proposed. As a result of this reclassification, the two genera are coherent, in that the cell wall composition and 1,1-dimethoxy-alkane spectrum are significant genus-specific characteristics.
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Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea
Three plant-pathogenic isolates of Streptomyces spp., isolated from potatoes with common scab disease lesions in Korea, are described as novel species. Morphological and physiological properties of these isolates were distinct from those of previously described Streptomyces species. Strain S63T has yellow-white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in monoverticillus flexuous spore-chains. Strain S77T has purple-red, spiny spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains. Strain S78T has white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains. These three isolates differed from known pathogenic strains by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in a previous study. Furthermore, genetic uniqueness of our isolates was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which indicated that isolates S63T and S78T belong to the genus Streptomyces and have low homology to other Streptomyces species (less than 71·2 and 75·7 %, respectively). The 16S–23S ITS region of strain S77T was not amplified by these primer sets. DNA–DNA hybridization results for all three isolates show distant relationships to previously described Streptomyces species; therefore, on the basis of polyphasic evidence, the names Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov. for strain S63T (=LMG 21390T=KACC 20252T), Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. for strain S77T (=LMG 21391T=KACC 20253T) and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov. for strain S78T (=LMG 21392T=KACC 20254T) are proposed.
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Lactobacillus kitasatonis sp. nov., from chicken intestine
More LessFour strains isolated from chicken small intestine and strains JCM 1038 and JCM 1039 (designated as Lactobacillus acidophilus) were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. They were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods that did not produce gas from glucose. These strains had similar phenotypic characteristics and exhibited intergroup DNA relatedness values of >77 %, indicating that they comprised a single species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of a representative strain, JCM 1039T (designated as type strain in this study), was determined and aligned with those of other Lactobacillus species. JCM 1039T was placed in the Lactobacillus delbrueckii cluster of the genus Lactobacillus on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and formed an independent cluster that was distinct from its closest neighbours, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, L. acidophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus. Results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and whole-cell protein profiles clearly indicated that these strains represent a novel Lactobacillus species, for which the name Lactobacillus kitasatonis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of this species is JCM 1039T.
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