- Volume 58, Issue 1, 2008
Volume 58, Issue 1, 2008
- New Taxa
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- Other Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Streptococcus dentirousetti sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavities of bats
More LessSeventy-three strains of streptococci were isolated from the bat oral cavity. The colonies of strains grown on mitis salivarius agar were similar in morphology to those of mutans-like streptococci. The novel strains were analysed biochemically using the Rapid ID32 Strep microsystem and were subjected to DNA–DNA hybridization with other oral streptococci and to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that these isolates be classified as Streptococcus dentirousetti sp. nov. The type strain of Streptococcus dentirousetti sp. nov. is NUM 1303T (=JCM 14596T=DSM 18963T).
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Salinicoccus iranensis sp. nov., a novel moderate halophile
A novel moderately halophilic, Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain QW6T, was isolated from textile industry wastewater in Qom, Iran. Strain QW6T was strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating and oxidase- and catalase-positive. It grew at salinities of 1–25 % (w/v) NaCl, showing optimal growth at 7.5–10.0 % (w/v). Growth occurred at 5.0–45.0 °C and over the pH range 6.5–10.0; growth was optimal at 35 °C and pH 7.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain QW6T is a member of the genus Salinicoccus. The organism possessed Lys- and Gly-containing peptidoglycan. Strain QW6T had iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and MK-6 as the major respiratory lipoquinone. The chemotaxonomic profile of this organism was consistent with its classification in the genus Salinicoccus. The DNA G+C content of strain QW6T was 54.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness of less than 50 % to species of the genus Salinicoccus, it is proposed that strain QW6T (=DSM 18903T=CCM 7448T) should be placed in the genus Salinicoccus as the type strain of a novel species, Salinicoccus iranensis sp. nov.
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Alicyclobacillus pohliae sp. nov., a thermophilic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from geothermal soil of the north-west slope of Mount Melbourne (Antarctica)
More LessGram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacteria were isolated from a geothermal soil collected on the north-west slope of Mount Melbourne in Antarctica. They grew aerobically at 42–60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and at pH 4.5–7.5 (optimum pH 5.5). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these isolates were related most closely to the type strain of Alicyclobacillus pomorum (91 % similarity). Growth occurred in the presence of ferrous iron at micromolar concentrations and acid was produced from various sugars. Iso-branched fatty acids C15 : 0 (45.56 %) and C17 : 0 (35.81 %) were the most abundant cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 55.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is concluded that these strains represent a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the name Alicyclobacillus pohliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MP4T (=CIP 109385T =NCIMB 14276T).
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Bacillus isabeliae sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a sea salt evaporation pond
A low-G+C, Gram-positive isolate, designated strain CVS-8T, was isolated from a sea salt evaporation pond on the Island of Sal in the Cape Verde Archipelago. This organism was found to be a catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile, spore-forming, aerobic, curved rod-shaped organism with an optimum growth temperature of about 35–37 °C and an optimum pH between 7.5 and 8.0. Optimal growth occurred in media containing 4–6 % (w/v) NaCl and no growth occurred in medium without NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid, the major respiratory quinone was MK-7, the major fatty acids were iso-15 : 0, 16 : 0, anteiso-15 : 0 and iso-16 : 0 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminoglycophospholipid. The G+C content of the DNA was 37.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CVS-8T represented a novel species of the genus Bacillus, the highest levels of sequence similarity (mean pairwise similarity values of ∼97.5 %) being found with respect to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii and Bacillus acidicola. On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical data, strain CVS-8T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus isabeliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CVS-8T (=LMG 22838T=CIP 108578T).
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Streptococcus henryi sp. nov. and Streptococcus caballi sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis
More LessFour Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccoid-shaped isolates were obtained from the caecum and rectum of horses with oligofructose-induced equine laminitis. Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on these isolates. Initial biochemical profiling assigned two of the isolates to Streptococcus bovis. The other two isolates, however, could not be assigned conclusively on the basis of their biochemical profiles. Gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the four new isolates were related most closely to Streptococcus suis based on the 16S rRNA gene and to Streptococcus orisratti based on the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (sodA). Sequence divergence values from recognized Streptococcus species based on these two genes were >3 and >13 %, respectively, for all four isolates. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the four isolates formed two distinct clonal groups that are suggested to represent two novel species of the genus Streptococcus. The names proposed for these organisms are Streptococcus henryi sp. nov. (type strain 126T =ATCC BAA-1484T =DSM 19005T) and Streptococcus caballi sp. nov. (type strain 151T =ATCC BAA-1485T =DSM 19004T).
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- Evolution, Phylogeny And Biodiversity
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A multilocus phylogeny of the Streptomyces griseus 16S rRNA gene clade: use of multilocus sequence analysis for streptomycete systematics
More LessStreptomycetes are a complex group of actinomycetes that produce diverse bioactive metabolites of commercial significance. Systematics can provide a useful framework for identifying species that may produce novel metabolites. However, previously proposed approaches to the systematics of Streptomyces have suffered from either poor interlaboratory comparability or insufficient resolution. In particular, the Streptomyces griseus 16S rRNA gene clade is the most challenging and least defined group within the genus Streptomyces in terms of phylogeny. Here we report the results of a multilocus sequence analysis scheme developed to address the phylogeny of this clade. Sequence fragments of six housekeeping genes, atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB, trpB and 16S rRNA, were obtained for 53 reference strains that represent 45 valid species and subspecies. Analysis of each individual locus confirmed the suitability of loci and the congruence of single-gene trees for concatenation. Concatenated trees of three, four, five and all six genes were constructed, and the stability of the topology and discriminatory power of each tree were analysed. It can be concluded from the results that phylogenetic analysis based on multilocus sequences is more accurate and robust for species delineation within Streptomyces. A multilocus phylogeny of six genes proved to be optimal for elucidating the interspecies relationships within the S. griseus 16S rRNA gene clade. Our multilocus sequence analysis scheme provides a valuable tool that can be applied to other Streptomyces clades for refining the systematic framework of this genus.
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Advantages of multilocus sequence analysis for taxonomic studies: a case study using 10 housekeeping genes in the genus Ensifer (including former Sinorhizobium)
More LessThere is a need for easy, practical, reliable and robust techniques for the identification and classification of bacterial isolates to the species level as alternatives to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization. Here, we demonstrate that multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of housekeeping genes is a valuable alternative technique. An MLSA study of 10 housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, gap, glnA, gltA, gyrB, pnp, recA, rpoB and thrC) was performed on 34 representatives of the genus Ensifer. Genetic analysis and comparison with 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated clear species boundaries and a higher discrimination potential for all housekeeping genes. Comparison of housekeeping gene sequence data with DNA–DNA reassociation data revealed good correlation at the intraspecies level, but indicated that housekeeping gene sequencing is superior to DNA–DNA hybridization for the assessment of genetic relatedness between Ensifer species. Our MLSA data, confirmed by DNA–DNA hybridizations, support the suggestion that Ensifer xinjiangensis is a later heterotypic synonym of Ensifer fredii.
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- International Committee On Systematics Of Prokaryotes
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- Taxonomic Note
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Proposal that the strains of the Mycoplasma ovine/caprine serogroup 11 be reclassified as Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
This proposal is our response to the recommendation of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes) that we ‘write a proposal to classify Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and ovine/caprine serogroup 11 as a single species’. Physiological and phylogenetic comparisons between 27 strains of M. bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma serogroup 11 showed that (i) growth and patterns of organic acid substrate use completely overlapped among strains; (ii) all had lipase and phosphatase activities; (iii) the strains were indistinguishable in their SDS–PAGE whole-cell protein profiles, which differed from five other species; (iv) strains were indistinguishable in immunoblotting of cell proteins and cross-reactivity in ELISA, but differed from other Mycoplasma species; (v) DNA–DNA hybridization did not distinguish between the two groups, and (vi) comparison of 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences of ten strains of Mycoplasma serogroup 11 and six strains of M. bovigenitalium showed that they shared 98–100 % similarity across all strains tested, but only 86–95 % to other Mycoplasma species. Strains of the Mycoplasma ovine/caprine serogroup 11 must therefore be reassigned as Mycoplasma bovigenitalium.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)