- Volume 59, Issue 8, 2009
Volume 59, Issue 8, 2009
- New Taxa
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- Firmicutes And Related Organisms
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Natronovirga wadinatrunensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natranaerobius trueperi sp. nov., halophilic, alkalithermophilic micro-organisms from soda lakes of the Wadi An Natrun, Egypt
More LessNovel strains of anaerobic, halophilic, alkalithermophilic bacteria were isolated from sediments of the alkaline, hypersaline lakes of the Wadi An Natrun, Egypt. Strains JW/NM-WN-LUT (and related strains) and JW/NM-WN-LH1T were non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria with a Gram-type positive cell wall. Optimal growth of strain JW/NM-WN-LUT occurred at pH55 °C 9.5, 52 °C and with 3.7 M Na+ (2.2 M added NaCl). Optimal growth of strain JW/NM-WN-LH1T occurred at pH55 °C 9.9, 51 °C and with 3.9 M Na+ (2.3 M added NaCl). Both strains were obligately anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic; producing lactate and acetate as organic acids from pyruvate in different ratios. The DNA G+C contents of strains JW/NM-WN-LUT and JW/NM-WN-LH1T were 41.0 and 42.0 mol%, respectively. The main cellular fatty acids in both strains were anteiso-branched 15 : 0 and iso-branched 15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both novel isolates belonged to the family Natranaerobiaceae within the order Natranaerobiales. Based on genotypic and phenotypic data, strain JW/NM-WN-LUT (=DSM 18760T=ATCC BAA-1443T) represents the type strain of a novel species, Natranaerobius trueperi sp. nov. Strain JW/NM-WN-LH1T represents a novel genus and species within the family Natranaerobiaceae, Natronovirga wadinatrunensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is JW/NM-WN-LH1T (=DSM 18770T=ATCC BAA-1444T).
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Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China
A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain YIM kkny3T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a salt lake in the Qaidam Basin of north-west China. Cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella and formed ellipsoidal endospores lying in subterminal swollen sporangia. Growth occurred with 1–20 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5–10 %) and at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and 10–55 °C (optimum, 35–40 °C). It was unable to grow with NaCl as the only salt. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The strain contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM kkny3T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus olivae (97.1 % similarity), Virgibacillus marismortui (97.0 %) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.8 %). Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM kkny3T and the type strains of V. olivae, V. marismortui and V. kekensis were 12.4, 10.6 and 15.7 %, respectively. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, genotypic data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences indicated that strain YIM kkny3T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM kkny3T (=CCTCC AA 207023T=DSM 19797T=KCTC 13193T).
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Lactobacillus taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from silage
More LessStrain FIRDI 006T, isolated from silage cattle feed, was characterized by using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The strain was a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium; the cells stained Gram-positive and were catalase-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belongs phylogenetically to the genus Lactobacillus and can be placed within the Lactobacillus acidophilus–delbrueckii group. Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus johnsonii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.53 and 99.46 % to the respective type strains. Low gyrB gene sequence similarities (<90 %) and low DNA–DNA reassociation values (<45 %) were obtained between the strain and the phylogenetically closest neighbours. Based on phenotypic and genetic evidence, the strain is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FIRDI 006T (=BCRC 17755T =DSM 21401T).
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Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor subsp. nov., isolated from boreal soil
Two Gram-variable, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterial strains, M4-2T and M4-1, were isolated from soil samples collected from Oblast Magadan, Russian Far East, as micro-organisms antagonistic to the psychrophilic phytopathogenic fungus Typhula ishikariensis. Strains M4-2T and M4-1 were identified as members of the genus Paenibacillus by phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains contained anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid (63.0–64.7 %) and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents were 42.8 and 41.7 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains M4-2T and M4-1 exhibited high similarities with Paenibacillus macquariensis DSM 2T (99.5 and 99.7 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus antarcticus LMG 22078T (99.4 and 99.5 %, respectively). There were no clear differences in the phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data between the novel isolates and P. macquariensis DSM 2T. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain M4-2T and P. macquariensis DSM 2T and P. antarcticus LMG 22078T revealed reassociation values of 56 and 49 %, respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis confirmed the differences between the new isolates and reference strains that were observed with the DNA–DNA hybridization studies. On the basis of the results described above, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel subspecies of P. macquariensis, Paenibacillus macquariensis subsp. defensor subsp. nov. The type strain is M4-2T (=JCM 14954T=NCIMB 14397T).
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Selenomonas bovis sp. nov., isolated from yak rumen contents
More LessTwo strictly anaerobic, crescent-shaped bacterial strains, designated WGT and Ycb08, were isolated from a cellulose-degrading mixed culture enriched from yak rumen contents. The strains were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile, with four to six flagella situated at the centre of the concave side of the cell. The cells were 0.9–1.1×4–6 μm. Growth was observed at 27–46 °C (optimum 39 °C) and pH 4.2–8.3 (optimum pH 7.0–7.2). Arabinose, glucose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, salicin and aesculin were fermented. The end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, propionate and CO2. The G+C contents of strains WGT and Ycb08 were respectively 63.9±0.2 and 62.5±0.2 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains were related to the genera Mitsuokella and Selenomonas at similarity levels below 97 %; however, they differed from members of the genus Mitsuokella in their flagellar arrangement. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and physiological evidence, strains WGT and Ycb08 are identified as members of a novel species of the genus Selenomonas, for which the name Selenomonas bovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WGT (=CGMCC 1.5073T =JCM 15470T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Deinococcus aerius sp. nov., isolated from the high atmosphere
An orange-pigmented, non-motile, coccoid bacterial strain, designated TR0125T, was isolated from dust samples collected in the high atmosphere above Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was within the radiation of Deinococcus species. The major peptidoglycan amino acids were d-glutamic acid, glycine, d-alanine, l-alanine and ornithine. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and iso-C15 : 0. Strong resistance to desiccation, UV-C and gamma radiation and high DNA G+C content also supported the affiliation of strain TR0125T to the genus Deinococcus. Strain TR0125T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (95.7 %) to the type strain of Deinococcus apachensis, and phylogenetic analysis showed that it was further separated from D. apachensis than from Deinococcus geothermalis, indicating that strain TR0125T was not a member of these two Deinococcus species. In addition, phenotypic differences were found between strain TR0125T and the type strains of these two Deinococcus species. Therefore, a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, Deinococcus aerius sp. nov. (type strain, TR0125T=JCM 11750T=DSM 21212T), is proposed to accommodate this isolate.
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- Proteobacteria
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Aliagarivorans marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aliagarivorans taiwanensis sp. nov., facultatively anaerobic marine bacteria capable of agar degradation
More LessTwo agarolytic strains of Gram-negative, heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, marine bacteria, designated AAM1T and AAT1T, were isolated from seawater samples collected in the shallow coastal region of An-Ping Harbour, Tainan, Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were straight rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The two isolates required NaCl for growth and grew optimally at about 25–30 °C, in 2–4 % NaCl and at pH 8. They grew aerobically and could achieve anaerobic growth by fermenting d-glucose or other sugars. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 (79.8–92.0 %) and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 26.4–35.6 %), C18 : 1 ω7c (27.1–31.4 %) and C16 : 0 (14.8–16.3 %) in the two strains. Strains AAM1T and AAT1T had DNA G+C contents of 52.9 and 52.4 mol%, respectively. The two strains had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6 % and shared 84.9–92.4 % sequence similarity with the type strains of Agarivorans albus (91.2–92.4 %), eight Alteromonas species (84.9–87.1 %), two Aestuariibacter species (86.0–87.0 %), Bowmanella denitrificans (86.1–86.7 %), eight Glaciecola species (85.0–87.9 %) and Salinimonas chungwhensis (85.9–86.1 %). Despite their high sequence similarity, strains AAM1T and AAT1T had a DNA–DNA relatedness value of only 4.5 %. The data obtained from these polyphasic taxonomic studies revealed that the two agarolytic isolates could be classified as representatives of two novel species in a new genus, Aliagarivorans gen. nov., with Aliagarivorans marinus sp. nov. [type strain is AAM1T (=BCRC 17888T=JCM 15522T)] as the type species and Aliagarivorans taiwanensis sp. nov. [type strain is AAT1T (=BCRC 17889T=JCM 15537T)] as a second species.
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Shewanella marina sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA motile, rod-shaped, pale-brown-pigmented bacterium, designated strain C4T, was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 19.4 %), C16 : 0 (16.3 %), C17 : 1 ω8c (9.5 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (7.7 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C4T formed a lineage within the genus Shewanella (92.7–96.1 % sequence similarity to representative strains of the genus Shewanella) and was part of a distinct branch with the clade comprising Shewanella haliotis DW01T and Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T. Phenotypic characteristics enabled strain C4T to be distinguished from S. haliotis and S. algae. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain C4T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C4T (=KCTC 22185T=JCM 15074T).
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Reclassification of the members of the genus Tetrathiobacter Ghosh et al. 2005 to the genus Advenella Coenye et al. 2005
More LessThe taxonomic position of the genera Advenella and Tetrathiobacter was examined. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two genera are closely related, representing a monophyletic cluster with high sequence similarity (98.1–99.7 %) within the family Alcaligenaceae. The phenotypic characteristics of the type strains of Advenella incenata, Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis were re-examined using the API 20NE, API ZYM and API 50CH systems. Phylogenetic data together with similarities in phenotypic characteristics, G+C content and cellular acid composition suggest that they should be classified in the same genus. On the basis of the data presented, the two species of the genus Tetrathiobacter should be transferred to the genus Advenella, since this genus has nomenclatural priority. Therefore, Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis should be transferred to the genus Advenella as Advenella kashmirensis comb. nov. (type strain WT001T =LMG 22695T =MTCC7002T) and Advenella mimigardefordensis comb. nov. (type strain DPN7T =DSM 17166T =LMG 22922T). Emended descriptions of Advenella incenata and the genus Advenella are also presented.
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Rhizobium mesosinicum sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of three different legumes
More LessThirteen novel strains were isolated from root nodules of three different leguminous plants of the genera Albizia, Kummerowia and Dalbergia grown in China. Cells of these strains were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile rods. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they belong to the genus Rhizobium. A representative strain, CCBAU 25010T, showed 98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest phylogenetic relative, Rhizobium sullae IS123T. The 16S–23S intergenic spacer (ITS) sequence of CCBAU 25010T shared 91.5 and 87.2 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of Rhizobium etli CFN 42T and Rhizobium leguminosarum LMG 14904T. Analysis of the sequences of the housekeeping genes atpD and recA was in agreement with the results of ITS sequence analysis. The nodC gene sequence of CCBAU 25010T was identical to that of Rhizobium tropici CFN 299. DNA–DNA hybridization values for strain CCBAU 25010T ranged from 20.7 % (with Rhizobium mongolense USDA 1844T) to 34.4 % (with R. leguminosarum USDA 2370T). Cell protein SDS-PAGE, BOX-PCR and several phenotypic characteristics, such as use of sole carbon sources and antibiotic resistance, could differentiate the novel strains from defined Rhizobium species. We therefore propose that the novel strains reported in this study form a novel species, Rhizobium mesosinicum sp. nov., with the type strain CCBAU 25010T (=LMG 24135T =JCM 14777T).
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Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline soil
More LessA Gram-negative, coccoid to short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 90738T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was non-motile and grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), 10–55 °C (optimal growth at 37 °C) and salinities of 1–15 % NaCl (w/v, optimal growth at 8 % NaCl). Ubiquinone 10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The cellular fatty acid profile had C18 : 1 ω7c (80.4 % of the total) as the major component, similar to those of members of the genus Paracoccus. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of strain YIM 90738T was the type strain of Paracoccus homiensis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (97.5 % similarity). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between P. homiensis DSM 17862T and strain YIM 90738T was 51.5 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 90738T was 60.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and its genotypic distinctiveness, strain YIM 90738T (=CCTCC AB 206074T =KCTC 22163T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov.
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Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi sp. nov. and Bradyrhizobium jicamae sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Pachyrhizus erosus
Several strains isolated from the legume Pachyrhizus erosus were characterized on the basis of diverse genetic, phenotypic and symbiotic approaches. These novel strains formed two groups closely related to Bradyrhizobium elkanii according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strains PAC48T and PAC68T, designated as the type strains of these two groups, presented 99.8 and 99.1 % similarity, respectively, in their 16S rRNA gene sequences with respect to B. elkanii USDA 76T. In spite of these high similarity values, the analysis of additional phylogenetic markers such as atpD and glnII genes and the 16S–23S intergenic spacer (ITS) showed that strains PAC48T and PAC68T represented two separate novel species of the genus Bradyrhizobium with B. elkanii as their closest relative. Phenotypic differences among the novel strains isolated from Pachyrhizus and B. elkanii were found regarding the assimilation of carbon sources and antibiotic resistance. All these differences were congruent with DNA–DNA hybridization analysis which revealed 21 % genetic relatedness between strains PAC48T and PAC68T and 46 % and 25 %, respectively, between these strains and B. elkanii LMG 6134T. The nodD and nifH genes of strains PAC48T and PAC68T were phylogenetically divergent from those of bradyrhizobia species that nodulate soybean. Soybean was not nodulated by the novel Pachyrhizus isolates. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, the new strains represent two novel species for which the names Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi sp. nov. (type strain PAC48T=LMG 24246T=CECT 7396T) and Bradyrhizobium jicamae sp. nov. (type strain PAC68T=LMG 24556T=CECT 7395T) are proposed.
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Roseibaca ekhonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkalitolerant and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-producing alphaproteobacterium from hypersaline Ekho Lake
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic rod was isolated from the hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic Ekho Lake (East Antarctica) at a depth of 6 m. The novel strain (designated EL-50T) was oxidase-positive and weakly catalase-positive and metabolized a variety of carboxylic acids, alcohols, sugars and lipids. Cells of strain EL-50T had an absolute requirement for artificial seawater or NaCl. Optimum growth occurred at 16 °C and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 9.5. A large in vivo absorption band at 865–866 nm indicated the production of bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) a. The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain EL-50T was 18 : 1ω7c, with 3-OH 14 : 1, 16 : 1ω9c, 16 : 0 and 18 : 1ω9c present in lower amounts. Fatty acids 16 : 0 and 18 : 1ω9c were probably amide-linked. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phospatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Ubiquinone 10 was produced. The cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain EL-50T was 61 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that the novel isolate was phylogenetically most closely related to alkaliphilic Rhodobaca and Roseinatronobacter species (approximately 96 % 16S rRNA gene similarity). The organism had no particular relationship to any other cultivated members within the Alphaproteobacteria. The distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa studied supported the description of a new genus and novel species, for which the name Roseibaca ekhonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EL-50T (=DSM 11469T=CECT 7235T).
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Ideonella azotifigens sp. nov., an aerobic diazotroph of the Betaproteobacteria isolated from grass rhizosphere soil, and emended description of the genus Ideonella
More LessStrain 1a22T, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, was isolated from soil associated with the rhizosphere of a perennial grass growing in a fallow agricultural field in Ithaca, New York, USA. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain in the Rubrivivax–Roseateles–Leptothrix–Azohydromonas–Aquincola–Ideonella branch of the Betaproteobacteria and the closest characterized relative was the type strain of Ideonella dechloratans (97.7 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity). Cells of strain 1a22T were Gram-negative, motile, straight rods, which formed polyhydroxybutyrate-like granules and were positive for oxidase and weakly positive for catalase. Cells were chemo-organotrophic, unable to grow by reduction of chlorate or nitrate and grew exclusively through aerobic respiration. Growth with mannitol on N-free solid media caused the strain to produce copious amounts of slime. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 cis-9 and C16 : 0 and cells contained significant amounts of the hydroxy fatty acids C10 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0 2-OH and C12 : 0 3-OH. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization studies, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid analysis, and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain 1a22T represents a novel species in the genus Ideonella, for which the name Ideonella azotifigens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ideonella azotifigens is 1a22T (=JCM 15503T=DSM 21438T).
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Dokdonella ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil from a ginseng field, and emended description of the genus Dokdonella
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 191T, was isolated from a soil sample from a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 191T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae and is related to Dokdonella fugitiva LMG 23001T (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Dokdonella koreensis KCTC 12396T (96.9 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c (30.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 (21.6 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (13.0 %), supporting the affiliation of strain Gsoil 191T to the genus Dokdonella. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain Gsoil 191T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 40 %. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 191T from recognized species of the genus Dokdonella. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 191T represents a novel species of the genus Dokdonella, for which the name Dokdonella ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 191T (=KCTC 12564T=DSM 17954T=CCUG 52462T).
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Dokdonella soli sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from soil
An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KIS28-6T, was isolated from soil from Ulleung, an island located in the East Sea of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain KIS28-6T was a member of the genus Dokdonella, having 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.1 and 96.9 % with respect to Dokdonella fugitiva CIP 108692T and Dokdonella koreensis DSM 17203T, respectively. Strain KIS28-6T showed DNA–DNA hybridization values of 38 and 32 % with respect to D. fugitiva CIP 108692T and D. koreensis DSM 17203T, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c (35.7 %), iso-C17 : 0 (26.9 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (11.7 %), the major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content was 73.0 mol%. On the basis of the results obtained in this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain KIS28-6T represents a novel species of the genus Dokdonella, for which the name Dokdonella soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KIS28-6T (=KACC 12741T =JCM 15421T).
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Microvirga guangxiensis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium from soil, and emended description of the genus Microvirga
More LessA Gram-negative-staining bacterium, designated strain 25BT, was isolated from a soil sample from a rice field in Guangxi Province, China, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile and strictly aerobic. Strain 25BT grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant fatty acids of this soil isolate were C18 : 1 ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 25BT formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain of Microvirga subterranea; the two organisms shared 97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the two strains shared low DNA–DNA relatedness. Strain 25BT was also readily distinguishable from Microvirga subterranea DSM 14364T by various phenotypic characteristics. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data suggests that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Microvirga, for which the name Microvirga guangxiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 25BT (=CGMCC 1.7666T=JCM 15710T).
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Emended description of the genus Polynucleobacter and the species Polynucleobacter necessarius and proposal of two subspecies, P. necessarius subsp. necessarius subsp. nov. and P. necessarius subsp. asymbioticus subsp. nov.
More LessHeckmann and Schmidt described the genus Polynucleobacter for bacterial endosymbionts of freshwater ciliates affiliated with the genus Euplotes, and the species Polynucleobacter necessarius for obligate endosymbionts living in the cytoplasm of Euplotes aediculatus. Pure cultures of the type strain could not be established due to the obligate nature of the symbiotic relationship between the endosymbionts and their hosts. Therefore, Polynucleobacter necessarius is one of a few bacterial species with validly published names that lack a deposited pure culture. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated that the endosymbionts used for the description of the type of Polynucleobacter necessarius are closely related to obligately free-living strains. Similarity values of the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from the endosymbionts in the ciliate culture and free-living isolates in the range 99.1–99.4 % indicate that these organisms belong to the same species. Here, we have emended the description of Polynucleobacter necessarius by characterization of free-living strains maintained as pure cultures. The species Polynucleobacter necessarius was characterized as having low G+C contents of the DNA (44–46 mol%), small genome sizes (1.5–2.5 Mbp) and a lack of motility. Because of distinct differences in lifestyle and the genome size of Polynucleobacter necessarius strains, we propose that two novel subspecies should be established, Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. necessarius subsp. nov. [with a type, which is a description based on endosymbionts in the culture ‘stock 15’ of the ciliate E. aediculatus (ATCC 30859)] and Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus subsp. nov. [with the type strain QLW-P1DMWA-1T (=DSM 18221T=CIP 109841T)], for the obligate endosymbionts of E. aediculatus and Euplotes harpa and obligately free-living strains, respectively.
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Psychrobacter lutiphocae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a seal
More LessThe taxonomic status of a Gram-negative-staining bacterium, isolated from the faeces of a seal, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the novel isolate formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Psychrobacter, displaying >3.3 % sequence divergence with other known Psychrobacter species. The generic assignment was confirmed by chemotaxonomic data, which revealed a fatty acid profile that included straight-chain saturated, unsaturated and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids, with C18 : 1 ω9c as the major fatty acid. A ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8) was the predominant respiratory quinone and spermidine was the predominant polyamine. The novel isolate was distinguished from other members of the genus Psychrobacter by using a set of phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic considerations, it is proposed that the new isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Psychrobacter lutiphocae sp. nov. is proposed. Strain IMMIB L-1110T (=DSM 21542T=CCUG 56590T) is the type strain.
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Novosphingobium indicum sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from a deep-sea environment
More LessA novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium, strain H25T, which was isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean, was studied phenotypically, genotypically and phylogenetically. Strain H25T can utilize several PAHs including phenanthrene and fluoranthene as sole carbon sources. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain H25T showed the highest similarity with that of Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans TUT562T (96.3 %), and showed lower similarities (92.1–96.0 %) with other members of the genus Novosphingobium. The major fatty acids of strain H25T were C14 : 0 2-OH (3.2 %), C16 : 0 (13.6 %), C16 : 1 ω7c (5.2 %), C18 : 0 (13.4 %) and C18 : 1 ω7c (57.0 %), which accounted for 92.3 % of the total fatty acids. It had ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone and spermidine as the major polyamine. All these characteristics were consistent with those of recognized Novosphingobium species. Results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and BOX-PCR fingerprint comparisons also indicate that strain H25T represents a novel Novosphingobium species, for which the name Novosphingobium indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H25T (=MCCC 1A01080T =CGMCC 1.6784T =LMG 24713T).
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)