- Volume 61, Issue 5, 2011
Volume 61, Issue 5, 2011
- Validation List
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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- Notification List
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Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 61, part 2, of the IJSEM
This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles). Taxonomic opinions included in this List (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission.
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- New Taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Actinophytocola burenkhanensis sp. nov., isolated from Mongolian soil
More LessA Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0203T, that formed pale yellow to orange-brown colonies and non-fragmented branched substrate mycelium is described. The strain, which produced very scanty aerial mycelium-like structures and scanty formation of spherical bodies on the aerial mycelium on Bennett’s agar medium, was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain MN08-A0203T grouped with the genus Actinophytocola, being most closely related to the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae (97.8 %). Chemotaxonomic data [menaquinone MK-9(H4); iso-C16 : 0 (27 %), iso-C15 : 0 (18 %), C16 : 1 H (8 %), C16 : 0 9-methyl (8 %) as major fatty acids; glucose, galactose, ribose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose (trace) as whole cell sugars; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids as polar phospholipids] supported allocation of the strain to the genus Actinophytocola. Furthermore, the results of DNA–DNA hybridization of strain MN08-A0203T with the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae revealed that the two strains were genetically distinct from each other. Moreover, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MN08-A0203T from closely related species. Thus, MN08-A0203T represents a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the name Actinophytocola burenkhanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with MN08-A0203T ( = NBRC 105883T = VTCC D9-23T) as the type strain.
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Reclassification of Leifsonia ginsengi (Qiu et al. 2007) as Herbiconiux ginsengi gen. nov., comb. nov. and description of Herbiconiux solani sp. nov., an actinobacterium associated with the phyllosphere of Solanum tuberosum L.
In the context of studying the effects of transgenic fructan-producing potatoes on the community structure of phyllosphere bacteria, a group of strains closely related to the species Leifsonia ginsengi was isolated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the new isolates and L. ginsengi DSM 19088T formed a lineage at the genus level and this finding was supported by chemotaxonomic characterization. The peptidoglycan type of the representative isolate, K134/01T, and L. ginsengi DSM 19088T was B2γ, with d- and l-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glycine, alanine and threo-3-hydroxyglutamic acid. The almost-complete substitution of glutamic acid by threo-3-hydroxyglutamic acid supported the differentiation of the new strains from recognized species of the genus Leifsonia. Furthermore, the detection of substantial amounts of the fatty acid cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 in the new isolates and L. ginsengi DSM 19088T was a prominent chemotaxonomic feature for a clear demarcation of these strains from all genera of the family Microbacteriaceae that display the B2γ cell-wall type. Comparative phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses of the isolates and L. ginsengi DSM 19088T revealed the separate species status of the isolates. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that L. ginsengi should be classified as the type species of a novel genus, Herbiconiux gen. nov., with the name Herbiconiux ginsengi gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain wged11T = CGMCC 4.3491T = JCM 13908T = DSM 19088T = NBRC 104580T). The phyllosphere isolates are assigned to a novel species, Herbiconiux solani sp. nov. (type strain K134/01T = DSM 19813T = LMG 24387T = NBRC 106740T).
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Pseudonocardia artemisiae sp. nov., isolated from surface-sterilized Artemisia annua L.
A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM 63587T, was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 63587T was affiliated to the genus Pseudonocardia. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain YIM 63587T and type strains of species of the genus Pseudonocardia were 96.6–93.8 %. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid in the peptidoglycan layer of strain YIM 63587T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (97.7 %). The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0 (44.7 %), iso-C14 : 0 (10.3 %), iso-C16 : 1 H (9.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (7.7 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM 63587T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia artemisiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 63587T ( = DSM 45313T = CCTCC AA 208081T).
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Streptomyces coacervatus sp. nov., isolated from the intestinal tract of Armadillidium vulgare
A Gram-staining-positive bacterium, designated AS-0823T, which formed spiral spore chains on the aerial mycelium, was isolated from the intestinal tract of Armadillidium vulgare, a small terrestrial crustacean commonly found on the ground around houses in Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Streptomyces and was most closely related to Streptomyces longisporus ISP 5166T (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Streptomyces curacoi NBRC 12761T (98.4 %) and Streptomyces griseoruber NBRC 12873T (98.4 %). The affiliation of strain AS-0823T to the genus Streptomyces was supported by chemotaxonomic data: iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, ll-diaminopimelic acid as the characteristic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan and the absence of mycolic acids. DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical analysis supported the differentiation of strain AS-0823T from S. longisporus JCM 4395T. Therefore, strain AS-0823T represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces coacervatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AS-0823T ( = IFM 11055T = DSM 41983T = JCM 17138T).
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Streptomyces tacrolimicus sp. nov., a low producer of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506)
The number of tacrolimus (FK506)-producing isolates has increased remarkably because of the clinical importance of tacrolimus as an immunosuppressant. However, the taxonomy of several of these isolates has not been studied. The taxonomic status of strain ATCC 55098T, a tacrolimus-producing strain, was determined in this study. The genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties were consistent with the inclusion of strain ATCC 55098T in the genus Streptomyces. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ATCC 55098T was determined and used to generate phylogenetic trees with corresponding sequences of the most closely related type strains (≥98 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) of species of the genus Streptomyces. Strain ATCC 55098T formed a distinct phylogenetic branch adjacent to a cluster comprising Streptomyces fulvissimus NBRC 13482T and Streptomyces flavofungini NBRC 13371T. However, morphological and physiological tests and DNA–DNA relatedness distinguished strain ATCC 55098T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of these results, strain ATCC 55098T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces tacrolimicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ATCC 55098T ( = CECT 7664T).
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Auraticoccus monumenti gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a deteriorated sandstone monument
More LessA Gram-type-positive, strictly aerobic actinobacterium, designated strain MON 2.2T, was isolated from the surface of a sandstone monument. Cells with a coccoid shape, arranged in pairs or clusters, were non-motile and did not produce spores. The 10 closest 16S rRNA gene sequence matches (~95 % similarity) found in the public databases were uncultured actinobacteria, while the closest cultured members indicated a phylogenetic relationship with members of the family Propionibacteriaceae (92–95 % similarity). Subsequent phylogenetic analysis placed the new isolate within the radiation of the genera Friedmanniella and Microlunatus, but forming an independent branch. Chemotaxonomic markers were consistent with the classification of strain MON 2.2T in the family Propionibacteriaceae, amongst the genera containing ll-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan. Characteristic fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 also supported its affiliation to this taxon; however, polar lipid and menaquinone compositions clearly differentiated strain MON 2.2T from other genera in the family. On the basis of these results and additional physiological data obtained in the present study, it is proposed that strain MON 2.2T be classified in a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Auraticoccus monumenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Auraticoccus monumenti is MON 2.2T ( = CECT 7672T = DSM 23257T = LMG 25551T).
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Streptomyces youssoufiensis sp. nov., isolated from a Moroccan phosphate mine
More LessA novel actinomycete, strain X4T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Youssoufia, 100 km north of Marrakesh, Morocco. The taxonomic status of this strain was evaluated by a polyphasic approach. Strain X4T had white aerial mycelium with Rectiflexibiles spore chains bearing smooth-surfaced spores and did not produce diffusible pigments. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the cell wall of strain X4T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain X4T belongs to the Group I streptomycetes, branching off next to Streptomyces ramulosus NRRL B-2714T and Streptomyces kasugaensis M338-M1T. DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data enabled strain X4T to be distinguished from the phylogenetically most closely related type strains. It is therefore proposed that strain X4T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces youssoufiensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is X4T ( = CCMM B709T = DSM 41920T).
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Brachybacterium squillarum sp. nov., isolated from salt-fermented seafood
More LessA Gram-positive bacterium, strain M-6-3T, was isolated from salt-fermented seafood in Korea. The organism grew in 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl and at 25–37 °C, with optimal growth occurring in 5 % NaCl and at 28–30 °C. The peptidoglycan type was variation A4γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid. The polar lipid profile of strain M-6-3T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. Strain M-6-3T contained MK-7 as the major component of the quinone system and anteiso-C15 : 0 (62.1 %) as the predominant fatty acid. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain M-6-3T was most closely related to Brachybacterium rhamnosum LMG 19848T (98.5 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA hybridization value with reference strains was 14.32±2.0 %. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that strain M-6-3T represents a novel species for which the name Brachybacterium squillarum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M-6-3T ( = KACC 14221T = JCM 16464T).
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Jishengella endophytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae
More LessA novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain 202201T, was isolated from an Acanthus illicifolius root collected from the mangrove reserve zone in Hainan Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 202201T fell within the family Micromonosporaceae. The strain formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium, which carried uneven warty-surfaced spores. Cell walls of strain 202201T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and xylose, mannose, arabinose, ribose and glucose were detected as whole-cell sugars. The acyl type of the cell-wall polysaccharides was glycolyl. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-10(H4). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and phosphatidylserine. The major cellular fatty acids were 10-methyl-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides, strain 202201T ( = CGMCC 4.5597T = DSM 45430T) represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Jishengella endophytica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
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Actinoalloteichus nanshanensis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of a fig tree (Ficus religiosa)
More LessA Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU 119T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a fig tree and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The isolate formed branching, non-fragmenting vegetative hyphae and produced black pigment on yeast extract/malt extract (ISP medium 2). The G+C content of the DNA was 76.6 mol%. The organism had chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Actinoalloteichus and was closely related to the type strains of Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, Actinoalloteichus spitiensis and Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis, currently the only three recognized species of the genus Actinoalloteichus, sharing 16S rRNA gene similarities of 96.4, 96.6 and 98.1 %, respectively. However, the results of DNA–DNA hybridization studies demonstrated that the novel strain showed only 46.8 % relatedness with the type strain of A. hymeniacidonis. In addition, a set of phenotypic characteristics also readily distinguished strain NEAU 119T from the type strains of recognized species of the genus Actinoalloteichus. According to the above data, it is proposed that strain NEAU 119T represents a novel species, Actinoalloteichus nanshanensis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinoalloteichus nanshanensis is NEAU 119T ( = CGMCC 4.5714T = NBRC 106685T).
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Micromonospora humi sp. nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil
More LessA novel actinomycete, strain P0402T, was isolated from peat swamp forest soil collected in Thailand. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of this strain matched those of the genus Micromonospora, i.e. the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-glycolyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugar pattern D, phospholipid type II, and cellular fatty acid type 3b. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a close relationship between strain P0402T and Micromonospora coxensis JCM 13248T (99.0 % similarity), Micromonospora eburnea JCM 12345T (99.0 %), Micromonospora marina JCM 12870T (98.9 %), Micromonospora halophytica JCM 3125T (98.7 %), Micromonospora chalcea JCM 3031T (98.7 %), Micromonospora purpureochromogenes JCM 3156T (98.6 %) and Micromonospora aurantiaca JCM 10878T (98.5 %). It could be clearly distinguished from these type strains based on low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. On the basis of the data presented, strain P0402T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P0402T ( = JCM 15292T = PCU 315T = TISTR 1883T).
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Nocardiopsis arvandica sp. nov., isolated from sandy soil
An actinomycete strain, HM7T, was isolated from sandy soil from the banks of the Arvand River, Khoramshahr, Iran. In a study conducted using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, it was found that this strain represented a novel species in the genus Nocardiopsis. Strain HM7T had long, branched substrate mycelia and the aerial mycelium completely fragmented to long chains of rod-shaped spores. The cell wall of strain HM7T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and ribose. The predominant phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. The main menaquinones were MK-10(H2), MK-10(H4), MK-10(H0) and MK-9(H2). Strain HM7T showed the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardiopsis sinuspersici UTMC 00102T (99.8 %) and Nocardiopsis quinghaiensis YIM 28A4T (99.3 %), but differed significantly from these type strains based on DNA–DNA hybridization data (37.6 and 38.9 % relatedness, respectively). Physiological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics allowed strain HM7T to be differentiated from related species. On the basis of results from phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain HM7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis arvandica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of this species is HM7T ( = UTMC 00103T = DSM 45278T = CCUG 58831T).
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Branchiibius hedensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a Japanese codling (Physiculus japonicus)
A novel, Gram-stain-positive bacterial strain, Mer 29717T, was isolated from the branchia (gills) of a Japanese codling, Physiculus japonicus, collected from bottom waters of Suruga Bay in Shizuoka, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that this strain represents a distinct lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae and was related most closely to members of the genera Demetria and Yimella. It shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95.1 %) with Yimella lutea YIM 45900T. Strain Mer 29717T contained MK-8(H2) and MK-8(H4) as menaquinones, and iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 1 cis-9, C17 : 0, C18 : 1 cis-9 and C19 : 1 cis-10 were the major cellular fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain Mer 29717T was composed of l-Lys, d-Ser, l-Ser, Gly, d-Glu and d-Ala. Polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. Mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA of strain Mer 29717T was 68 mol%. On the basis of differential chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical data, strain Mer 29717T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Branchiibius hedensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Branchiibius hedensis is Mer 29717T ( = NBRC 106121T = DSM 22951T).
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- Archaea
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Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from hypersaline lakes
More LessTwo halophilic archaea, strains EN-2T and SH-4, were isolated from the saline lakes Erliannor and Shangmatala, respectively, in Inner Mongolia, China. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile rods. Colonies were red. Strains EN-2T and SH-4 were able to grow at 25–50 °C (optimum 35–40 °C), with 2.5–5.0 M NaCl (optimum 3.4 M NaCl) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.5). MgCl2 was not required for growth. Cells lysed in distilled water and the lowest NaCl concentration that prevented cell lysis was 12 % (w/v). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains EN-2T and SH-4 were closely related to Halorubrum cibi B31T (97.9 and 98.0 % similarity, respectively), Hrr. tibetense 8W8T (97.3 and 97.7 %), Hrr. alkaliphilum DZ-1T (96.8 and 97.1 %), Hrr. luteum CGSA15T (96.8 and 97.0 %) and Hrr. lipolyticum 9-3T (96.8 and 97.0 %). DNA–DNA hybridization showed that strains EN-2T and SH-4 did not belong to the same species as any of these strains (≤45 % DNA–DNA relatedness) but that they are members of the same species (>70 % DNA–DNA relatedness). Polar lipid analysis revealed that strains EN-2T and SH-4 contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diethers and several unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of both isolates was 62.1 mol%. It was concluded that strains EN-2T and SH-4 represent a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EN-2T ( = CECT 7174T = CGMCC 1.6377T = JCM 14031T).
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Halostagnicola alkaliphila sp. nov., an alkaliphilic haloarchaeon from commercial rock salt
A Gram-negative, pleomorphic, aerobic, haloalkaliphilic archaeon, strain 167-74T, was isolated from commercial rock salt imported into Japan from China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain 167-74T is closely related to Halostagnicola larsenii XH-48T (98.3 %) and Halostagnicola kamekurae 194-10T (97.2 %). The major polar lipids of the isolate were C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. A glycolipid was not detected, in contrast to the two existing, neutrophilic species of the genus Halostagnicola. The DNA G+C content of strain 167-74T was 60.7 mol%. and it gave DNA–DNA reassociation values of 19.5 and 18.8 %, respectively, with Hst. larsenii JCM 13463T and Hst. kamekurae 194-10T. Therefore, strain 167-74T represents a novel species, for which the name Halostagnicola alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 167-74T ( = JCM 16592T = CECT 7631T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Ohtaekwangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sand, deep-branching members of the phylum Bacteroidetes
More LessTwo Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated 3B-2T and 10AOT, were isolated from a sand sample collected from the west coast of the Korean peninsula by using low-nutrient media, and their taxonomic positions were investigated in a polyphasic study. The strains did not grow on marine agar. They grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.5–7.5. Strains 3B-2T and 10AOT shared 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness of 12 %. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains 3B-2T and 10AOT, together with several uncultured bacterial clones, formed independent lineages within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains 3B-2T and 10AOT contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains 3B-2T and 10AOT were 42.8 and 44.6 mol%, respectively. Strains 3B-2T and 10AOT exhibited very low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85.0 %) to the type strains of recognized bacterial species. These data were sufficient to support the proposal that the novel strains should be differentiated from previously known genera of the phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of the data presented, we suggest that strains 3B-2T and 10AOT represent two distinct novel species of a new genus, for which the names Ohtaekwangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain 3B-2T = KCTC 23018T = CCUG 58939T) and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis sp. nov. (type strain 10AOT = KCTC 23019T = CCUG 58938T) are proposed.
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Niabella tibetensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Niabella
More LessStrain 15-4T, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain that produced flexirubin-type pigments, was isolated from Tibet Province, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae, phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’, and was related to members of the genus Niabella, with sequence similarities ranging from 94.1 to 96.4 %. Strain 15-4T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and its DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. The major fatty acids of strain 15-4T were iso-C15 : 0 (41.3 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (14.9 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (13.2 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 16.0 %). These chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain 15-4T to the genus Niabella. However, a number of physiological and biochemical features enabled the isolate to be differentiated phenotypically from recognized speciesof the genus Niabella. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is proposed that strain 15-4T represents a novel species, Niabella tibetensis sp. nov.; the type strain is 15-4T ( = CCTCC AB 209167T = NRRL B-59394T). On the basis of these data, an emended description of the genus Niabella is also proposed.
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- Firmicutes And Related Organisms
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Allobacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from shrimp paste
More LessA novel bacterial strain designated B3AT, isolated from shrimp paste, was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells stained Gram-positive and were aerobic, non-pigmented, sporulating and rod-shaped with a polar flagellum. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain B3AT belonged to the class Bacilli and was a member of the family Bacillaceae. Strain B3AT shared low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<94.0 %) with members of other genera in the family Bacillaceae and was most closely related to Halalkalibacillus halophilus BH2T (93.8 % sequence similarity). The isolate was able to grow at 20–45 °C, with 0.5–15 % NaCl and at pH 6–9. Menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) was the major respiratory quinone and 16 : 0 iso, 15 : 0 anteiso and 14 : 0 iso were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 45.3 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain B3AT represents a novel genus and species in the family Bacillaceae for which the name Allobacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Allobacillus halotolerans is B3AT ( = BCRC 17939T = LMG 24826T).
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Streptococcus lactarius sp. nov., isolated from breast milk of healthy women
More LessThree strains of a hitherto-unknown, Gram-stain-positive coccus were recovered from the milk of three non-related healthy women. The isolates shared 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with sequences from uncultured members of the Lactobacillales and Streptococcus. The closest sequence corresponding to a defined species was that of Streptococcus peroris GTC 848T, with a similarity of 98 %. A partial sequence (488 bp) of the tuf gene also showed 97 % similarity with that of S. peroris CCUG 39814T. The combined 16S rRNA/tuf-based phylogeny revealed that all the isolates grouped in a statistically well-supported cluster separate from S. peroris. Enzyme activity profiles as well as fermentation patterns differentiated the novel bacteria from other members of the Streptococcus mitis group. Finally, phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data supported the proposal of a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, for which the name Streptococcus lactarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MV1T ( = CECT 7613T = DSM 23027T).
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Bacillus nanhaiisediminis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant member of Bacillus rRNA group 6
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NH3T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 9. Strain NH3T had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The cellular fatty acid profile included significant amounts of iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain NH3T was 40.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NH3T was a member of rRNA group 6 of the genus Bacillus, which includes alkalitolerant, alkaliphilic and halotolerant species. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus akibai 1139T (96.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T (96.76 %), B. okhensis Kh10-101T (96.76 %) and B. alkalidiazotrophicus MS 6T (96.47 %). Strain NH3T could be distinguished from these phylogenetically close neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, we conclude that strain NH3T ( = CGMCC 1.10116T = JCM 16507T) merits classification as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus nanhaiisediminis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Vagococcus acidifermentans sp. nov., isolated from an acidogenic fermentation bioreactor
More LessA Gram-staining-positive, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated AC-1T, was isolated from an acidogenic fermentation bioreactor treating food wastewater. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AC-1T was shown to belong to the genus Vagococcus. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Vagococcus elongatus PPC9T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Vagococcus penaei CD276T (96.7 %) and Vagococcus carniphilus ATCC BAA-640T (96.6 %). The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c (24.8 %) and C16 : 0 (19.5 %) and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 44.2 mol%, which supported the affiliation of strain AC-1T to the genus Vagococcus. Strain AC-1T and V. elongatus DSM 21480T exhibited 11 % DNA–DNA relatedness. Physiological and biochemical tests differentiated strain AC-1T from the type strains of recognized species of the genus Vagococcus. Therefore, strain AC-1T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Vagococcus acidifermentans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AC-1T ( = KCTC 13418T = LMG 24798T).
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Streptohalobacillus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe isolated from subsurface saline soil
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-sporulating, motile and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain H96B60T, was isolated from a saline soil sample of the Qaidam basin, China. The strain was facultatively anaerobic. Major end products formed from glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol and lactic acid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The isoprenoid quinone component was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C13 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H96B60T was 36.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain H96B60T represented a novel phyletic lineage within the family Bacillaceae and was related most closely to Halolactibacillus species (96.1–96.4 % similarity). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain H96B60T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Streptohalobacillus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Streptohalobacillus salinus is H96B60T ( = DSM 22440T = CGMCC 1.7733T).
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Paenibacillus tianmuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessTwo closely related, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, spore-forming strains, B27T and F6-B70, were isolated from soil samples of Tianmu Mountain National Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and rpoB sequences indicated that the isolates were members of the genus Paenibacillus. Both isolates were closely related to Paenibacillus ehimensis IFO 15659T, Paenibacillus elgii SD17T and Paenibacillus koreensis YC300T (≥95.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain B27T and P. ehimensis DSM 11029T, P. elgii NBRC 100335T and P. koreensis KCTC 2393T was 21.2, 28.6 and 16.8 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strains B27T and F6-B70 were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The two isolates differed from their closest neighbours in terms of phenotypic characteristics and cellular fatty acid profiles (such as variable for oxidase, negative for methyl red test, unable to produce acid from d-fructose and glycogen and relatively higher amounts of iso-C15 : 0 and lower amounts of C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0). Strains B27T and F6-B70 represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tianmuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B27T ( = DSM 22342T = CGMCC 1.8946T).
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Thalassobacillus pellis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive bacterium isolated from salted hides
More LessA Gram-positive, moderately halophilic and endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain 18OMT, was isolated from salted animal hides. The cells were rods and produced ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal position. Strain 18OMT was motile, strictly aerobic and grew at 0.5–25 % (w/v) NaCl [optimal growth at 10 % (w/v) NaCl], at between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5) and at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 37 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain 18OMT was closely related to species of the genus Thalassobacillus within the phylum Firmicutes. The closest phylogenetic similarity was with Thalassobacillus devorans G-19.1T (98.4 %), Thalassobacillus cyri HS286T (97.9 %) and Thalassobacillus hwangdonensis AD-1T (97.4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (57.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (8.1 %). The respiratory isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (98.5 %) and MK-6 (1.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 42.9 mol%. These features confirmed the placement of strain 18OMT within the genus Thalassobacillus. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 18OMT and T. devorans G-19.1T, T. cyri HS286T and T. hwangdonensis AD-1T were 49 %, 9 % and 15 %, respectively, showing unequivocally that strain 18OMT constituted a novel genospecies. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain 18OMT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobacillus, for which the name Thalassobacillus pellis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 18OMT ( = CECT 7566T = DSM 22784T = JCM 16412T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Thermosipho affectus sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, cellulolytic bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent
A novel obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, organotrophic bacterium, strain ik275marT, was isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Cells were rods surrounded by a sheath-like structure (toga), 0.4–0.9 µm in width and 1.2–6.0 µm in length. Strain ik275marT grew at 37–75 °C, pH 5.6–8.2 and at NaCl concentrations of 10–55 g l−1. Under optimum conditions (70 °C, pH 6.6, NaCl 20 g l−1), doubling time was 32 min. The isolate was able to ferment carbohydrates including starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Acetate, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. G+C content of DNA was 27 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ik275marT is a member of the genus Thermosipho. 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with the other species of the genus Thermosipho ranged from 93.7 to 94.5 %. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate, we propose a novel species, Thermosipho affectus sp. nov., with type strain ik275marT ( = DSM 23112T = VKM B-2574T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Rheinheimera nanhaiensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Rheinheimera Brettar et al. 2002 emend. Merchant et al. 2007
A Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain E407-8T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain E407-8T was affiliated with the genus Rheinheimera, sharing the highest sequence similarity with Rheinheimera pacifica KMM 1406T (97.5 %) and Rheinheimera aquimaris SW-353T (97.4 %) and showing less than 97 % sequence similarity to the type strains of other recognized Rheinheimera species. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of strain E407-8T to R. pacifica DSM 17616T and R. aquimaris JCM 14331T were 25.2 % (25.3 % in the duplicate measurement) and 9.4 % (6.5 %), respectively. The bacterium could grow at 10–48 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5–2.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain E407-8T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 51.0 mol%. Based on the results of our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain E407-8T represents a novel species in the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E407-8T ( = CCTCC AB 209089T = KACC 14030T). An emended description of the genus Rheinheimera Brettar et al. 2002 emend. Merchant et al. 2007 is also proposed.
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Sphingomonas rubra sp. nov., isolated from bioreactor wastewater
More LessA Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, motile, neutrophilic bacterium, designated strain BH3T, was isolated from wastewater of a sequential batch reactor treating wastewater taken from a leather plant. The isolate grew in 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6–9 and at 4–45 °C. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that strain BH3T had characteristics typical of members of the genus Sphingomonas, such as the presence of sphingolipids, Q-10 and 2-hydroxymyristic acid and the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. The presence of C18 : 1ω7c (39.2 %) and C16 : 0 (11.2 %) as major fatty acids, C14 : 0 2-OH (20.6 %) as the major 2-hydroxy fatty acid and homospermidine as the major polyamine indicated that strain BH3T belonged to the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BH3T was 65.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the isolate and closely related members of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto ranged from 92.6 to 97.3 %, the highest sequence similarities being to Sphingomonas melonis DSM 14444T (97.3 %) and Sphingomonas aquatilis DSM 15581T (97.3 %). Based on its phenotypic characteristics and the results of DNA–DNA hybridization studies and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain BH3T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto, for which the name Sphingomonas rubra sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH3T ( = CGMCC 1.9113T = JCM 16230T).
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Celerinatantimonas diazotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium representing a new family in the Gammaproteobacteria, Celerinatantimonadaceae fam. nov.
Five strains representing a novel family within the Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from the estuarine grasses Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus. All strains were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, short, motile, polar monotrichous rods that were mesophilic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, had DNA G+C contents of 41.5–44.4 mol% and required seawater salts or NaCl. Growth was observed at pH 3.5–8.0. Polar lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, aminophospholipid, phospholipids and unidentified aminolipids were found in the representative strain S-G2-2T. The major menaquinone and ubiquinone were MK-8 (100 %) and Q-8 (93 %), respectively. Predominant fatty acids present were C12 : 0 aldehyde and/or unknown fatty acid 10.9525 (MIDI designation) and/or iso-C16 : 1 I/C14 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c. The nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains were very similar (99–100 % similarity), and the strains were identified as members of the same species by DNA–DNA relatedness measurements. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains formed a monophyletic lineage within the order Alteromonadales. All five strains fixed N2. Analysis of partial nifH gene sequences also revealed a monophyletic lineage within the Gammaproteobacteria, and the sequences were dissimilar to those of any previously described diazotroph. Differences between the novel strains and other members of the Alteromonadales include the inability to produce cytochrome oxidase. The novel strains were metabolically versatile. On the basis of the information described above, the new genus and species Celerinatantimonas diazotrophica gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate the five strains within a new family, Celerinatantimonadaceae fam. nov. The type strain of Celerinatantimonas diazotrophica is S-G2-2T ( = ATCC BAA-1368T = DSM 18577T).
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Lysobacter dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessA Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, DS-58T, was isolated from a soil sample from Dokdo, an island of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DS-58T fell within the family Xanthomonadaceae. The isolate showed 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest phylogenetic neighbour, Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7T, and 93.4–95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other members of the genus Lysobacter. Strain DS-58T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Strain DS-58T could be distinguished phenotypically from type strains of closely related species of the genus Lysobacter and phylogenetically from all members of the genus Lysobacter. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain DS-58T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS-58T ( = KCTC 12822T = DSM 17958T).
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Emended description of Yersinia massiliensis
More LessThe bacterial genus Yersinia belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and comprises 15 species. Species of the genus Yersinia are usually identified by their phenotypic characteristics. Thus, it is essential to establish a complete phenotypic classification for all speciesof the genus Yersinia. The species Yersinia massiliensis was proposed in 2008, based on 16S rRNA, gyrB, hsp60, rpoB and sodA gene sequences and some distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. In this study, four Yersinia strains classified as Y. massiliensis based on the sequencing of the loci mentioned above were subjected to a more detailed phenotypic characterization. This characterization revealed differences in the results of four tests previously reported as diagnostic for Y. massiliensis and the results of 18 additional tests provided new information about the biochemical diversity of this species. In the light of the results of the phenotypic characteristics of the four strains of Y. massiliensis, an emended description of Y. massiliensis is presented.
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Desertibacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., a gamma radiation-resistant bacterium in the family Rhodospirillaceae, isolated from desert sand
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain 2622T, was isolated from gamma-irradiated soil sampled from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain 2622T formed a distinct lineage in the family Rhodospirillaceae and shared 91.7 and 90.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest relatives, the type strains of Skermanella xinjiangensis and Skermanella aerolata, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain 2622T was 71.4 mol% and the isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analysis, strain 2622T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodospirillaceae, for which the name Desertibacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Desertibacter roseus is strain 2622T ( = CCTCC AB 208152T = KCTC 22436T).
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Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae sp. nov., isolated from a polluted farmland soil
Ya Wen, Xing Huang, Yu Zhou, Qing Hong and Shunpeng LiA novel Gram-negative, aerobic, coccoid-shaped strain designated S 113T was isolated from a polluted-soil sample collected in Jiangsu Province, China. A polyphasic taxonomic study including phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and determination of phenotypic characteristics was performed on the new isolate. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 96.8 %, with Hansschlegelia plantiphila S1 T. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA was about 65.7 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed 44.9 % relatedness for strain S 113T with its closest relative, H. plantiphila NCIMB 14035T. The dominant phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The results of our polyphasic taxonomic analysis indicate that strain S 113T represents a novel species within the genus Hansschlegelia, for which the name Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S 113T ( = DSM 18984T = CCTCC AB 206143T = KCTC 12880T).
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Paracoccus isoporae sp. nov., isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera
More LessA bacterial strain, designated SW-3T, was isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera, from Southern Taiwan, and was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain SW-3T were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of monopolar flagella and formed cream–white colonies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SW-3T belonged to the genus Paracoccus and its most closely related neighbours were P. aestuarii B7T, P. homiensis DD-R11T, P. marinus KKL-A5T, P. denitrificans DSM 413T and P. zeaxanthinifaciens R-1512T, with sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.6, 96.1 , 95.8 and 94.9 %, respectively. Strain SW-3T exhibited optimal growth at 25–30 °C and pH 9–10 and in 3–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 75 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and several uncharacterized polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain SW-3T was 63.7 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed clear phenotypic differentiation of this isolate from recognized species of the genus Paracoccus. It is evident from the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data that strain SW-3T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus isoporae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW-3T ( = LMG 25205T = BCRC 17967T).
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Marinomonas brasilensis sp. nov., isolated from the coral Mussismilia hispida, and reclassification of Marinomonas basaltis as a later heterotypic synonym of Marinomonas communis
A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain R-40503T, was isolated from mucus of the reef-builder coral Mussismilia hispida, located in the São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo, Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain R-40503T belongs to the genus Marinomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of R-40503T was above 97 % with the type strains of Marinomonas vaga, M. basaltis, M. communis and M. pontica, and below 97 % with type strains of the other Marinomonas species. Strain R-40503T showed less than 35 % DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) with the type strains of the phylogenetically closest Marinomonas species, demonstrating that it should be classified into a novel species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses provided further evidence for the proposal of a novel species. Concurrently, a close genomic relationship between M. basaltis and M. communis was observed. The type strains of these two species showed 78 % DDH and 63 % AFLP pattern similarity. Their phenotypic features were very similar, and their DNA G+C contents were identical (46.3 mol%). Collectively, these data demonstrate unambiguously that Marinomonas basaltis is a later heterotypic synonym of Marinomonas communis. Several phenotypic features can be used to discriminate between Marinomonas species. The novel strain R-40503T is clearly distinguishable from its neighbours. For instance, it shows oxidase and urease activity, utilizes l-asparagine and has the fatty acid C12 : 1 3-OH but lacks C10 : 0 and C12 : 0. The name Marinomonas brasilensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain R-40503T ( = R-278T = LMG 25434T = CAIM 1459T). The DNA G+C content of strain R-40503T is 46.5 mol%.
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Ruegeria faecimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment
More LessA Gram-negative-staining, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, HD-28T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Strain HD-28T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 and 30 °C in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HD-28T was most closely related to species of the genus Ruegeria and exhibited 95.5–96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of Ruegeria species. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on gyrB gene sequences also showed that strain HD-28T fell within the cluster comprising recognized speciesof the genus Ruegeria, showing 77.5–83.9 % sequence similarity. Strain HD-28T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain HD-28T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 57.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain HD-28T could be distinguished from recognized species of the genus Ruegeria. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain HD-28T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria faecimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HD-28T ( = KCTC 23044T = CCUG 58878T).
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Halomonas vilamensis sp. nov., isolated from high-altitude Andean lakes
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (SV325T) was isolated from the sediment of a hypersaline lake located 4600 m above sea level (Laguna Vilama, Argentina). Strain SV325T formed cream to pink colonies, was motile and moderately halophilic, and tolerated NaCl concentrations of 1–25 % (w/v) with an optimum of 5–10 % (w/v). Growth occurred at 5–40 °C (optimum around 30 °C) and at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum 7.0–8.0). The bacterium did not produce exopolysaccharides and stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules but not for poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates. It produced catalase and oxidase, reduced nitrate to nitrite, hydrolysed gelatin, did not produce acids from sugars and utilized a limited range of substrates as carbon and energy sources: acetate, caproate, fumarate, dl-β-hydroxybutyrate, malate, maleate, malonate and succinate. The predominant ubiquinones were Q-9 (92.5 %) and Q-8 (7.5 %), the major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15:0 2-OH, and the DNA G+C content was 55.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain SV325T belongs to the genus Halomonas in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain SV325T from closely related species with validly published names. We therefore propose a novel species, Halomonas vilamensis sp. nov., with type strain SV325T ( = DSM 21020T = LMG 24332T).
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Rhizobium rosettiformans sp. nov., isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane dump site, and reclassification of Blastobacter aggregatus Hirsch and Müller 1986 as Rhizobium aggregatum comb. nov.
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic bacterial strain, W3T, was isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated groundwater from Lucknow, India, and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain W3T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.8 % with Rhizobium selenitireducens B1T, followed by Rhizobium daejeonense L61T (97.7 %), Rhizobium radiobacter ATCC 19358T (97.5 %) and Blastobacter aggregatus IFAM 1003T (97.2 %). Strain W3T formed a monophyletic clade with Blastobacter aggregatus IFAM 1003T ( = DSM 1111T) in the cluster of species of the genus Rhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses of strain W3T using atpD and recA gene sequences confirmed the phylogenetic arrangements obtained by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Hence, the taxonomic characterization of B. aggregatus DSM 1111T was also undertaken. Strains W3T and B. aggregatus DSM 1111T contained summed feature 8 (18 : 1ω7c and/or 18 : 1ω6c; 65.4 and 70.8 %, respectively) as the major fatty acid, characteristic of the genus Rhizobium. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain W3T with Rhizobium selenitireducens LMG 24075T, Rhizobium daejeonense DSM 17795T, Rhizobium radiobacter DSM 30147T and B. aggregatus DSM 1111T was 42, 34, 30 and 34 %, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strain W3T and B. aggregatus DSM 1111T were 62.3 and 62.7 mol%, respectively. A nifH gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase was detected in strain W3T but not in B. aggregatus DSM 1111T. Based on the results obtained by phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, phenotypic characterization and DNA–DNA hybridization, it is concluded that strain W3T represents a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium rosettiformans sp. nov. is proposed (type strain W3T = CCM 7583T = MTCC 9454T). It is also proposed that Blastobacter aggregatus Hirsch and Müller 1986 be transferred to the genus Rhizobium as Rhizobium aggregatum comb. nov. (type strain IFAM 1003T = DSM 1111T = ATCC 43293T).
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Nevskia terrae sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessA Gram-negative bacterium, designated KIS13-15T, was isolated from soil in Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic rods and were motile with 1–3 subpolar flagella. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KIS13-15T belonged to the order Xanthomonadales of the class Gammaproteobacteria and was closely related to Nevskia soli GR15-1T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nevskia ramosa Soe1T (96.8 %). Strain KIS13-15T exhibited 38 and 29 % DNA–DNA relatedness with N. soli KACC 11703T and N. ramosa DSM 11499T, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were C18 : 1ω7c (40.6 %) and C16 : 0 (12.4 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 8. DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. The phenotypic characterization combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization clearly classified strain KIS13-15T in a novel species of the genus Nevskia, for which the name Nevskia terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KIS13-15T ( = KACC 12736T = JCM 15425T).
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- Eukaryotic Micro-Organisms
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Candida xylanilytica sp. nov., a xylan-degrading yeast species isolated from Thailand
Xylan is a major component of hemicellulose, which constitutes about 40 % of plant biomass. Hydrolysis of xylan into simple sugars is one of the important steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic material to value-added products. During an investigation of cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts, two yeast strains that were able to use cellulose and xylan as sole carbon source were found to represent a phylogenetically distinct species in the Spathaspora clade. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene was Candida subhashii. The novel species can be distinguished from the other species in the Spathaspora clade based on the ability to assimilate methanol and raffinose, growth in medium containing 60 % glucose, and growth at 42 °C. It ferments glucose but not other carbohydrates. The name Candida xylanilytica sp. nov. is proposed for this species. The type strain is KU-Xn11T ( = NBRC 106499T = BCC 34694T = CBS 11761T).
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- Erratum
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)