- Volume 63, Issue Pt_1, 2013
Volume 63, Issue Pt_1, 2013
- Validation List
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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- Notification List
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Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 62, part 10, of the IJSEM
This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles). Taxonomic opinions included in this List (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission.
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- List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion
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Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM
The Bacteriological Code deals with the nomenclature of prokaryotes. This may include existing names (the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names) as well as new names and new combinations. In this sense the Code is also dealing indirectly with taxonomic opinions. However, as with most codes of nomenclature there are no mechanisms for formally recording taxonomic opinions that do not involve the creation of new names or new combinations. In particular, it would be desirable for taxonomic opinions resulting from the creation of synonyms or emended descriptions to be made widely available to the public. In 2004, the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) agreed unanimously that it was desirable to cover such changes in taxonomic opinions (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) previously published outside the IJSEM, and to introduce a List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion [Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM; Euzéby et al. (2004). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1429–1430]. Scientists wishing to have changes in taxonomic opinion included in future lists should send one copy of the pertinent reprint or a photocopy or a PDF file thereof to the IJSEM Editorial Office or to the Lists Editor. It must be stressed that the date of proposed taxonomic changes is the date of the original publication not the date of publication of the list. Taxonomic opinions included in the List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission. The names that are to be used are those that are the ‘correct names’ (in the sense of Principle 6) in the opinion of the bacteriologist, with a given circumscription, position and rank. A particular name, circumscription, position and rank does not have to be adopted in all circumstances. Consequently, the List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion must be considered as a service to bacteriology and it has no ‘official character’, other than providing a centralized point for registering/indexing such changes in a way that makes them easily accessible to the scientific community.
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- New Taxa
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- Archaea
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Natronococcus roseus sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic archaeon from a hypersaline lake
More LessA novel halophilic archaeon, strain CG-1T, belonging to the genus Natronococcus was isolated from sediment of the soda lake Chagannor in Inner Mongolia, China. The colonies of this strain were pink pigmented, the intensity of the colour decreased when the cells grew at salt saturation levels. The cells were non-motile cocci and strictly aerobic. Hypotonic treatment did not cause cell lysis, even in distilled water. Strain CG-1T grew at 15–30.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at 30–50 °C and pH 8.0–11.0, with optimal growth occurring at 25–30 % (w/v) NaCl, 37–45 °C and pH 9–9.5. MgCl2 was not required for growth. Strain CG-1T was most closely related to the type strains of Natronococcus amylolyticus Ah-36T, Natronococcus jeotgali B1T and Natronococcus occultus SP4T, with which it shared 98.4 %, 96.2 and 95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The polar lipids consisted of C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me) and minor phospholipid components. No glycolipids were detected. The DNA G+C content of strain CG-1T was 62.1 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization with N. amylolyticus DSM 10524T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 39 %; this value showed that strain CG-1T constituted a different genospecies. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, detailed phenotypic characterization, polar lipid profile and DNA–DNA hybridization studies revealed that strain CG-1T belongs to the genus Natronococcus and constitutes a novel species for which the name Natronococcus roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CG-1T ( = CECT 7984T = IBRC-M 10656T = JCM 17958T).
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- Actinobacteria
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Microbacterium sediminis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, thermotolerant, halotolerant and alkalitolerant actinomycete isolated from deep-sea sediment
More LessAn aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial isolate, strain YLB-01T, was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbacterium and represented an evolutionary lineage that was distinct from recognized species of the genus Microbacterium . The isolate showed <97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to the type strains of all of the members of the genus Microbacterium with validly published names. Cell-wall hydrolysate from the isolate contained the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine homoserine and glutamic acid, and the cell-wall sugars consisted of ribose, glucose and galactose. The main respiratory quinones were MK-8, 9, 10 and 11. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (38.5 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (23.1 %) and C16 : 0 (18.9 %). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YLB-01T was 71 mol%. On the basis of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic data and the results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium , for which the name Microbacterium sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YLB-01T ( = DSM 23767T = CCTCC AB2010363T = MCCC 1A06153T).
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Nesterenkonia suensis sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from a salt pan
More LessA Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming actinobacterium designated strain Sua-BAC020T was isolated from brine from Sua salt pan in Botswana. The strain was alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic, displaying optimal growth at 35–37 °C, pH 9 and 2.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Sua-BAC020T belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing 96.2–99.0 % sequence similarity with the type strains of recognized species within this genus. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strains of species that showed the closest phylogenetic affiliation, Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 98.9 %), Nesterenkonia aethiopica (99.0 %), Nesterenkonia halophila (97.5 %), Nesterenkonia flava (97.4 %) and Nesterenkonia halobia (97.2 %), gave relatedness values of 10–45 %. The peptidoglycan type of strain Sua-BAC020T was A4α, l-Lys–Gly–d-Asp. Cells of the isolate contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified glycolipids as major polar lipids, MK-8, MK-9 and MK-7 were the predominant menaquinones, and the major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain Sua-BAC020T was 64.8 mol%. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization, and physiological and biochemical tests, strain Sua-BAC020T is distinct from all recognized Nesterenkonia species, suggesting that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Nesterenkonia suensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sua-BAC020T ( = DSM 22748T = NCCB 100309T).
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Kutzneria buriramensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Kutzneria
A Gram-staining-positive, filamentous bacterium, which developed large globose sporangia at the ends of long sporangiophores on aerial mycelium, was isolated from dry soil collected in a deciduous forest in Thailand. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel bacterium, which was designated strain A-T 1846T, contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised rhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Mycolic acids were not detected. The identified phospholipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0 10-methyl. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72 mol%. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the novel strain resembled those of established members of the genus Kutzneria . Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Kutzneria but as a representative of a putative novel species. In hybridization experiments, the DNA–DNA relatedness values recorded between the novel strain and established members of the genus Kutzneria all fell well below 70 %. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic evidence and the results of the DNA–DNA hybridizations, strain A-T 1846T represents a novel species in the genus Kutzneria , for which the name Kutzneria buriramensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A-T 1846T ( = BCC 29373T = NBRC 107931T). An emended description of the genus Kutzneria is provided.
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Cellulomonas soli sp. nov. and Cellulomonas oligotrophica sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessTwo novel bacterial strains, designated Kc1T and Kc5T, were isolated from soil in Japan. Cells of the novel strains were Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, motile rods. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains belonged to the genus Cellulomonas . The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains Kc1T and Kc5T showed closest similarity to that of Cellulomonas terrae DB5T (98.1 % and 98.4 % similarity, respectively), and the 16S rRNA gene similarity between the two novel strains was 97.8 %. In both strains, the major menaquinone was MK-9(H4), the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides, and the peptidoglycan contained ornithine and glutamic acid. Cell-wall sugars were identified as rhamnose, galactose and mannose in strain Kc1T and rhamnose and glucose in strain Kc5T. The DNA G+C contents of strains Kc1T and Kc5T were 73.6 mol% and 75.8 mol%, respectively. Based on the chemotaxonomic and physiological data and the results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, the two strains represent two novel species within the genus Cellulomonas , for which the names Cellulomonas soli sp. nov. (type strain Kc1T = DSM 24484T = JCM 17535T) and Cellulomonas oligotrophica sp. nov. (type strain Kc5T = DSM 24482T = JCM 17534T) are proposed.
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Asanoa siamensis sp. nov., isolated from soil from a temperate peat swamp forest
More LessA novel actinomycete strain, PS7-2T, which produced spore chains borne on the tips of short sporophores, was isolated from soil collected from a temperate peat swamp forest in Phu-Sang National Park, Phayao province, Thailand. The isolate contained glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, 3-hydroxy-diaminopimelic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were glucose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose, and the major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8) and MK-9(H8) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.3 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain PS7-2T clustered with members of the genus Asanoa and appeared most closely related to the type strains of Asanoa hainanensis (99.5 % sequence similarity), Asanoa iriomotensis (99.0 %), Asanoa ishikariensis (98.9 %) and Asanoa ferruginea (98.5 %). DNA–DNA hybridizations and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain PS7-2T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic evidence and DNA–DNA relatedness values, strain PS7-2T represents a novel species in the genus Asanoa , for which the name Asanoa siamensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is PS7-2T ( = BCC 41921T = NBRC 107932T).
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Micrococcus cohnii sp. nov., isolated from the air in a medical practice
More LessThree Gram-reaction-positive bacteria, isolated from the air in a medical practice (strains WS4601T, WS4602) or a pharmaceutical clean room (strain WS4599), were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and recA gene sequences of the three novel strains showed that they formed a distinct lineage within the genus Micrococcus , sharing 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.1–98.0 % with other species of this genus. Chemotaxonomic features also supported the classification of the three novel strains within the genus Micrococcus . The major cellular fatty acids of strain WS4601T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type A3α (l-Lys–l-Ala), and the predominant respiratory quinones were MK-7(H2) and MK-8(H2). The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, but no phosphatidylinositol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. Numerous physiological properties were found that clearly distinguished strains WS4599, WS4601T and WS4602 from established members of the genus Micrococcus . Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strains WS4599, WS4601T and WS4602 are considered to represent three different strains of a novel species of the genus Micrococcus , for which the name Micrococcus cohnii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS4601T ( = DSM 23974T = LMG 26183T).
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Rhodococcus canchipurensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a limestone deposit site
A novel actinobacterial strain, MBRL 353T, was isolated from a sample collected from a limestone quarry at Hundung, Manipur, India. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain MBRL 353T and other members of the genus Rhodococcus showed sequence similarities ranging from 95.5 to 98.2 %, with strain MBRL 353T showing closest sequence similarity to Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (98.2 %) and Rhodococcus equi DSM 20307T (97.2 %). DNA–DNA hybridization results, however, revealed that DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain MBRL 353T and R. triatomae DSM 44892T (43.4 %) and R. equi DSM 20307T (33.4 %) were well below the 70 % limit for species identification. Strain MBRL 353T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose and arabinose in the cell wall. Mycolic acids were present. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (45.7 %), C18 : 1ω9c (18.2 %) and 10-methyl C18 : 0 (11.3 %). The only menaquinone detected was MK-8(H2), while the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and one unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.2 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data showed that strain MBRL 353T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus for which the name Rhodococcus canchipurensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MBRL 353T ( = KCTC 19851T = JCM 17578T).
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Ornithinimicrobium murale sp. nov., isolated from an indoor wall colonized by moulds
More LessA Gram-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium (01-Gi-040T) isolated from an indoor wall was studied to examine its taxonomic position. The isolate formed a very rudimentary substrate-mycelium that fragmented into rod-shaped to coccoid cells. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 01-Gi-040T was shown to belong to the genus Ornithinimicrobium closely related to Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (97.1 %), Ornithinimicrobium humiphilum DSM 12362T (96.2 %) and Ornithinimicrobium pekingense LW6T (96.1 %). A close relationship was also found with Arsenicicoccus bolidensis CCUG 47306T (95.9 %) and Arsenicicoccus piscis Kis4-19T (95.7 %) and a moderate relationship to the type strains of the genus Serinicoccus (94.0–94.1 %). The predominant menaquinone of strain 01-Gi-040T was MK-8(H4). The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipid profile consisted of the lipids phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium . The results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain 01-Gi-040T from the three recognized species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium . Strain 01-Gi-040T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium , for which we propose the name Ornithinimicrobium murale sp. nov., with the type strain 01-Gi-040T ( = DSM 22056T = CCM 7610T).
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Mycobacterium minnesotense sp. nov., a photochromogenic bacterium isolated from sphagnum peat bogs
More LessSeveral intermediate-growing, photochromogenic bacteria were isolated from sphagnum peat bogs in northern Minnesota, USA. Acid-fast staining and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed these environmental isolates in the genus Mycobacterium , and colony morphologies and PCR restriction analysis patterns of the isolates were similar. Partial sequences of hsp65 and dnaJ1 from these isolates showed that Mycobacterium arupense ATCC BAA-1242T was the closest mycobacterial relative, and common biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities existed between the isolates and M. arupense ATCC BAA-1242T. However, compared to nonchromogenic M. arupense ATCC BAA-1242T, the environmental isolates were photochromogenic, had a different mycolic acid profile and had reduced cell-surface hydrophobicity in liquid culture. The data reported here support the conclusion that the isolates are representatives of a novel mycobacterial species, for which the name Mycobacterium minnesotense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DL49T ( = DSM 45633T = JCM 17932T = NCCB 100399T).
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Nocardioides szechwanensis sp. nov. and Nocardioides psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a glacier
More LessTwo Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria (strains RHLT1-17T and RHLT2-1T) were isolated from Hailuogou glacier in Szechwan province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared 97.8 % sequence similarity with each other and 97.6 and 98.4 % sequence similarity, respectively, with Nocardioides kribbensis KSL-2T. Strain RHLT1-17T grew at 0–35 °C and strain RHLT2-1T grew at 0–25 °C. The major cellular fatty acids of strain RHLT1-17T were C17 : 1ω8c (32.69 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (21.74 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain RHLT2-1T were C18 : 1ω9c (28.72 %), summed feature 3 (17.14 %; comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C16 : 0 (14.35 %), C16 : 0 (9.96 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.34 %). Both strains contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. On the basis of data obtained using a polyphasic approach, two novel species, Nocardioides szechwanensis sp. nov. (type strain RHLT1-17T = CGMCC 1.11147T = NBRC 108562T) and Nocardioides psychrotolerans sp. nov. (type strain RHLT2-1T = CGMCC 1.11156T = NBRC 108563T), are proposed.
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Brevibacterium daeguense sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from a 4-chlorophenol enrichment culture
A Gram-reaction-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic actinobacterial strain (2C6-41T) was isolated from the activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Daegu, South Korea. Its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, closest phylogenetic relatives to strain 2C6-41T were Brevibacterium pityocampae DSM 21720T (97.2 %), Brevibacterium salitolerans KCTC 19616T (96.7 %), Brevibacterium album KCTC 19173T (96.2 %) and Brevibacterium samyangense KCCM 42316T (96.2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 2C6-41T was 66.4 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data, which included MK-8(H2) as the major menaquinone; meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as cell-wall amino acids; ribose, mannose and glucose as major cell-wall sugars; and anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 as major fatty acids, supported the affiliation of strain 2C6-41T to the genus Brevibacterium . The aromatic ring cleavage enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was not detected in strain 2C6-41T, but catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was detected. The results of physiological and biochemical tests, and the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness to the closest phylogenetic relative enabled strain 2C6-41T to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Brevibacterium . The isolate is therefore considered to represent a novel species in the genus Brevibacterium , for which the name Brevibacterium daeguense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C6-41T ( = KCTC 19800T = JCM 17458T).
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Mycobacterium yongonense sp. nov., a slow-growing non-chromogenic species closely related to Mycobacterium intracellulare
A slow-growing non-chromogenic mycobacterium was isolated from a patient with pulmonary disease. Phenotypically, strain 05-1390T was similar to Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1385 bp) of strain 05-1390T showed a high degree of similarity to those of the M. intracellulare complex, namely Mycobacterium marseillense 5351974T (100 %), M. intracellulare ATCC 13950T (99.8 %) and Mycobacterium chimaera DSM 44623T (99.9 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the hsp65 gene indicated that strain 05-1390T was closely related to M. intracellulare ATCC 13950T, but that it was a distinct phylogenetic entity. Of particular interest, an analysis based on the rpoB gene (701 bp) showed that it is closely related to Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum ATCC BAA-614T (99.4 %), a scotochromogenic strain, rather than to the M. intracellulare -related strains. Unique MALDI-TOF MS profiles also supported the taxonomic status of this strain as a distinct species. These data support the conclusion that strain 05-1390T represents a novel mycobacterial species, for which the name Mycobacterium yongonense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 05-1390T ( = DSM 45126T = KCTC 19555T).
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Nonomuraea jabiensis sp. nov., isolated from arid soil
A novel actinomycete, strain A4036T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Jabi district in Abuja, Nigeria. The taxonomic position of strain A4036T was established using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic analyses. The organism formed extensively branched substrate and aerial hyphae that generated spiral chains of spores with warty surfaces. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose, madurose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and four unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, iso-C16 : 0 and 10-methyl C17 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain A4036T grouped in the genus Nonomuraea , being most closely related to Nonomuraea angiospora IFO 13155T (99.05 %), Nonomuraea candida HMC10T (98.78 %), Nonomuraea kuesteri GW 14-1925T (98.49 %), Nonomuraea endophytica YIM 65601T (98.42 %), Nonomuraea maheshkhaliensis 16-5-14T (98.40 %), Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (98.38 %), Nonomuraea helvata IFO 14681T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea rubra DSM 43768T (98.10 %) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (98.06 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of other species of the genus Nonomuraea were <98 %. Despite the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, DNA–DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain A4036T was clearly distinguished from all closely related species of the genus Nonomuraea . Thus, this isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea , for which the name Nonomuraea jabiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A4036T ( = DSM 45507T = KCTC 19870T).
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Reclassification of Koreibacter algae as a later heterotypic synonym of Paraoerskovia marina and emended descriptions of the genus Paraoerskovia Khan et al. 2009 and of Paraoerskovia marina Khan et al. 2009
More Less16S rRNA gene sequences deposited for the type strains of Paraoerskovia marina (CTT-37T; GenBank accession no. AB445007) and Koreibacter algae (DSW-2T; FM995611) show a similarity of 100 %. Consequently, the type strains were subjected to a polyphasic recharacterization under direct comparison in order to clarify their taxonomic position. PvuII RiboPrint patterns and quantitative ratios of cellular fatty acids revealed strain-specific differences between P. marina DSM 21750T ( = CTT-37T) and K. algae DSM 22126T ( = DSW-2T). The percentage of DNA–DNA binding of 94 % indicated that the two type strains belong to the same genomospecies. Agreement in the peptidoglycan structure and polar lipid pattern, highly similar fatty acid profiles and MALDI-TOF mass spectra, the ability to produce acid from the same carbon sources, corresponding enzymic activities and DNA G+C contents of 70.8±0.3 mol%, in addition to the consistent characteristics reported in the original descriptions, support the view that the two strains should be affiliated to the same species. According to Rules 38 and 42 of the Bacteriological Code, Koreibacter algae should be reclassified as later heterotypic synonym of Paraoerskovia marina , and the descriptions of the genus Paraoerskovia Khan et al. 2009 and of Paraoerskovia marina Khan et al. 2009 are emended accordingly.
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Streptomyces endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from Artemisia annua L.
More LessThree filamentous actinomycetes, strains YIM 65594T, YIM 65638 and YIM 65642, were isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. These strains were found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Streptomyces . The organisms formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium, with abundant aerial hyphae that differentiated into spores. The cell wall of the isolates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and the menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these strains revealed that the strains clustered together and were most closely related to Streptomyces kunmingensis NBRC 14463T, with 98.5–98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains YIM 65594T, YIM 65638 and YIM 65642 from related species. However, the high level of DNA–DNA relatedness between them showed that these three strains belong to the same species. Strain YIM 65594T ( = DSM 41984T = CCTCC AA 209036T) was selected as the type strain to represent this novel species, for which the name Streptomyces endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Gordonia phosphorivorans sp. nov., isolated from a wastewater bioreactor with phosphorus removal
P. Kämpfer, K. Martin and W. DottTwo Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming actinobacteria (Ca8Tand Ca14) were isolated from a bioreactor with extensive phosphorus removal. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strains Ca8T and Ca14 were shown to belong to the genus Gordonia and were most closely related to Gordonia hirsuta DSM 44140T (98.0 % sequence similarity) and Gordonia hydrophobica DSM 44015T (97.2 %). In comparison with the sequences of the type strains of all other species of the genus Gordonia tested, similarities were below 97 %. The quinone systems of the strains were determined to consist predominantly of MK-9H2. The polar lipid profile for both organisms consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. Whole-organism hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan; mycolic acids were detected as well. These chemotaxonomic traits and the major fatty acids, which were C16 : 1 cis-9, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 and tuberculostearic acid strongly supported the grouping of strains Ca8T and Ca14 into the genus Gordonia . The two strains showed a DNA–DNA similarity of 96 %. DNA–DNA hybridizations of strain Ca8T with G. hirsuta DSM 44140T and G. hydrophobica DSM 44015T resulted in values of 26.3 and 25.0 %, respectively. These results and those of the physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strains Ca8T and Ca14 from the most closely related species of the genus Gordonia . It is concluded that strains Ca8T and Ca14 represent a novel species, for which the name Gordonia phosphorivorans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Ca8T ( = DSM 45630T = CCUG 61533T = CCM 7957T = LMG 26648T).
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Microbacterium neimengense sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of maize
A Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 7087T, was isolated from rhizosphere of maize in China. The strain grew at 4–50 °C and at pH 4–10, with optima of 37 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 7087T was a member of the genus Microbacterium . High levels of 16S rRNA gene similarities were found between strain 7087T and Microbacterium binotii DSM 19164T (99.8 %). However, the DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain 7087T and Microbacterium binotii DSM 19164T was 24.2 %. The DNA G+C content of strain 7087T was 69.9 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 (36.45 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.08 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (16.11 %). The predominant menaquinones were MK-10 (28.1 %), MK-11 (54.8 %) and MK-12 (17.1 %). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and unknown amino lipids. On the basis of these results, strain 7087T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium , for which the name Microbacterium neimengense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7087T ( = ACCC 03008T = DSM 24985T).
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Barrientosiimonas humi gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium of the family Dermacoccaceae
Three novel actinobacteria, strains 39T, 40 and 41, were isolated from soil collected from Barrientos Island in the Antarctic. The taxonomic status of these strains was determined using a polyphasic approach. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 39T represented a novel lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae and was most closely related to members of the genera Demetria (96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Branchiibius (95.7 %), Dermacoccus (94.4–95.3 %), Calidifontibacter (94.6 %), Luteipulveratus (94.3 %), Yimella (94.2 %) and Kytococcus (93.1 %). Cells were irregular cocci and short rods. The peptidoglycan type was A4α with an l-Lys–l-Ser–d-Asp interpeptide bridge. The cell-wall sugars were galactose and glucose. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoglycolipid, two glycolipids and one unknown phospholipid. The acyl type of the cell-wall polysaccharide was N-acetyl. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 (41.97 %), anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c (32.16 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (7.68 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 39T was 68.4 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from other genera of the family Dermacoccaceae , a novel genus and species, Barrientosiimonas humi gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain of the type species is 39T ( = CGMCC 4.6864T = DSM 24617T).
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Demequina flava sp. nov. and Demequina sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from sea sediment
More LessTwo novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated HR08-7T and HR08-43T, were isolated from a sea sediment sample from Rishiri Island, Hokkaido, Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strains HR08-7T and HR08-43T and the members of the genus Demequina formed a monophyletic cluster with similarity range of 95.5–99.0 %. The peptidoglycan type of strains HR08-7T and HR08-43T was A4β. The predominant menaquinone of both strains was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of strains HR08-7T and HR08-43T were 64.5 and 62.4 mol%, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, along with differences of strains HR08-7T and HR08-43T from the recognized Demequina species in phenotypic characteristics, indicate that the two strains merit classification as representatives of two novel species of the genus Demequina , for which the names Demequina flava sp. nov. and Demequina sediminicola sp. nov. are proposed; the type strains are HR08-7T ( = NBRC 105854T = DSM 24865T) and HR08-43T ( = NBRC 105855T = DSM 24867T), respectively.
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Gordonia alkaliphila sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from tidal flat sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinobacterium, designated strain CJ10T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment from the Yellow Sea in South Korea. Strain CJ10T grew on tryptic soy agar in the presence of 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of NaCl) and at pH 6–11 (optimum pH 9). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CJ10T belonged to the genus Gordonia and showed the highest sequence similarity to Gordonia hirsuta DSM 44140T (97.9 %) and Gordonia hydrophobica DSM 44015T (97.6 %). DNA–DNA relatedness levels of strain CJ10T were 47.4 % (CJ10T as probe) and 42.2 % ( G. hirsuta DSM 44140T as probe) to G. hirsuta DSM 44140T and 8.6 % (CJ10T as probe) and 9.3 % ( G. hydrophobica DSM 44015T as probe) to G. hydrophobica DSM 44015T. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H2). The polar lipid profile of strain CJ10T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c (38.0 %), C16 : 0 (30.1 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 17.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.7 mol%. Therefore, the results from our polyphasic taxonomic study suggest that strain CJ10T represents a novel species in the genus Gordonia , for which the name Gordonia alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CJ10T ( = KACC 16561T = JCM 18077T).
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is a novel thermotolerant species of the Bacillus cereus Group occasionally associated with food poisoning
An aerobic endospore-forming bacillus (NVH 391-98T) was isolated during a severe food poisoning outbreak in France in 1998, and four other similar strains have since been isolated, also mostly from food poisoning cases. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to belong to the Bacillus cereus Group (over 97 % similarity with the current Group species) and phylogenetic distance from other validly described species of the genus Bacillus was less than 95 %. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and MLST data, these novel strains were shown to form a robust and well-separated cluster in the B. cereus Group, and constituted the most distant cluster from species of this Group. Major fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C13 : 0) supported the affiliation of these strains to the genus Bacillus , and more specifically to the B. cereus Group. NVH 391-98T taxon was more specifically characterized by an abundance of iso-C15 : 0 and low amounts of iso-C13 : 0 compared with other members of the B. cereus Group. Genome similarity together with DNA–DNA hybridization values and physiological and biochemical tests made it possible to genotypically and phenotypically differentiate NVH 391-98T taxon from the six current B. cereus Group species. NVH 391-98T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus cytotoxicus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain NVH 391-98T ( = DSM 22905T = CIP 110041T).
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Lactobacillus pasteurii sp. nov. and Lactobacillus hominis sp. nov.
Strains 1517T and 61DT were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. These Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria were homo-fermentative, facultatively anaerobic short rods. They were phylogenetically related to the genus Lactobacillus according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, with 99 % similarity between strain 1517T and the type strain of Lactobacillus gigeriorum , and 98.6, 98.5 and 98.4 % between strain 61DT and Lactobacillus gasseri , Lactobacillus taiwanensis and Lactobacillus johnsonii , respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis and metabolic analysis of both strains showed variation between the two strains and their close relatives, with variation in the position of the pheS and rpoA genes. The DNA–DNA relatedness of 43.5 % between strain 1517T and L. gigeriorum , and 38.6, 29.9 and 39.7 % between strain 61DT and L. johnsonii , L. taiwanensis and L. gasseri , respectively, confirmed their status as novel species. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, two novel species of Lactobacillus are proposed: Lactobacillus pasteurii sp. nov., with 1517T ( = CRBIP 24.76T = DSM 23907T) as the type strain, and Lactobacillus hominis sp. nov., with 61DT ( = CRBIP 24.179T = DSM 23910T) as the type strain.
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Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans sp. nov., an acidophilic, U(VI)-resistant species isolated from an acid uranium mill tailing effluent and emended description of the genus Pullulanibacillus
Two Gram-positive-staining, rod-shaped, endospore-forming isolates (UG-2T and UG-3), with an optimum growth temperature of around 37 °C and an optimum pH for growth of about 4, were recovered from an acidic effluent of the uranium mill tailing at Urgeiriça in Central Portugal. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strains belonged to the family Sporolactobacillaceae and were closely related to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T (97.9 %). Unlike P. naganoensis , strains UG-2T and UG-3 grew in medium containing up to 5000 p.p.m. U(VI) but did not hydrolyse pullulan. Chemotaxonomic data also supported the affiliation of strains UG-2T and UG-3 to the genus Pullulanibacillus . Physiological and biochemical tests along with fatty acid composition allowed differentiation of strains UG-2T and UG-3 from P. naganoensis . It is suggested that strains UG-2T and UG-3 represent a novel species, for which the name Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans is proposed; the type strain is UG-2T ( = DSM 19429T = LMG 24205T). An emended description of the genus Pullulanibacillus is also proposed.
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Saliterribacillus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake
A novel Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain X4BT, was isolated from soil around the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain X4BT were motile rods and formed ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal or subterminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain X4BT was a strictly aerobic bacterium, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–22.5 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain X4BT is a member of the family Bacillaceae , constituting a novel phyletic lineage within this family. Highest sequence similarities were obtained with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Sediminibacillus albus (96.0 %), Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis (95.9 %), Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis (95.8 %) and Sediminibacillus halophilus (95.7 %), respectively. The DNA G+C content of this novel isolate was 35.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain X4BT were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids, an aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (89 %) and MK-6 (11 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain X4BT represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Bacillaceae , order Bacillales for which the name Saliterribacillus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species (Saliterribacillus persicus) is X4BT ( = IBRC-M 10629T = KCTC 13827T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Halomonas smyrnensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium
More LessFour Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing strains, designated AAD6T, AAD4, AAD17 and AAD21, were isolated from Çamaltı Saltern Area, a wildlife reserve in Sasalı, İzmir province located in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The isolates grew at an optimum NaCl concentration of 10 % (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω7c and C12 : 0 3OH, respectively and the predominant lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-9. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains AAD6T, AAD4, AAD17 and AAD21 was 63.0, 63.3, 62.8 and 62.6 mol%, respectively. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the isolates belonged to the genus Halomonas . The DNA–DNA hybridization mean values between the representative strain AAD6T and the closely related species Halomonas salina DSM 5928T, Halomonas halophila DSM 4770T, Halomonas maura DSM 13445T, Halomonas organivorans DSM 16226T, Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T, Halomonas koreensis JCM 12237T and Halomonas nitroreducens LMG 24185, were 40.8, 39.6, 24.2, 23.3, 12.6, 14.5 and 12.2 %, respectively. Based on these data the strains represent a novel species of the genus Halomonas for which the name Halomonas smyrnensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AAD6T ( = DSM 21644T = JCM 15723T).
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Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov., a proteobacterium that produces an unusual type of sphingan
Strain SPC-1T was isolated from the phyllosphere of Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori (wild cardoon), a Mediterranean native plant considered to be the wild ancestor of the globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. This Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile strain secreted copious amounts of an exopolysaccharide, formed slimy, viscous, orange-pigmented colonies and grew optimally at around pH 6.0–6.5 and 26–30 °C in the presence of 0–0.5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that SPC-1T clustered together with species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The G+C content of the DNA (66.1 mol%), the presence of Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine, 2-hydroxymyristic acid (C14 : 0 2-OH) as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the presence of sphingoglycolipid supported this taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that SPC-1T was most closely related to Sphingomonas hankookensis ODN7T, Sphingomonas insulae DS-28T and Sphingomonas panni C52T (98.19, 97.91 and 97.11 % sequence similarities, respectively). However, DNA–DNA hybridization analysis did not reveal any relatedness at the species level. Further differences were apparent in biochemical traits, and fatty acid, quinone and polyamine profiles leading us to conclude that strain SPC-1T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SPC-1T ( = JCM 17498T = ITEM 13494T). A component analysis of the exopolysaccharide suggested that it represents a novel type of sphingan containing glucose, rhamnose, mannose and galactose, while glucuronic acid, which is commonly found in sphingans, was not detected.
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Altererythrobacter troitsensis sp. nov., isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius
An aerobic, halotolerant, Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and subjected to taxonomic characterization. The strain, designated KMM 6042T, was rod-shaped, motile and yellow-pigmented. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain was most closely related to the type strain of Altererythrobacter dongtanensis , and the level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two was 99.0 %. However, the DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was 34.4±7.6 %. Physiological and chemotaxonomic properties clearly distinguished the novel strain from other species of the genus Altererythrobacter . It is thus evident from the phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses that strain KMM 6042T merits recognition as a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter , for which the name Altererythrobacter troitsensis sp. nov. (type strain, KMM 6042T = KCTC 12303T = JCM 17037T) is proposed.
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Amantichitinum ursilacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a chitin-degrading bacterium isolated from soil
A bacterial strain named IGB-41T was isolated from a soil sample from an ant hill near Stuttgart, Germany. The strain was Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and facultatively anaerobic. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA grouped the strain IGB-41T within the class Betaproteobacteria into the family Neisseriaceae together with Silvimonas amylolytica NBRC 103189T, Silvimonas iriomotensis NBRC 103188T and Silvimonas terrae KM-45T as the closest relatives with sequence similarities of 96.7, 96.6 and 96.1 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 61.5 mol% and quinone analysis revealed Q-8 as the only detectable quinone. Major cellular fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C18 : 1ω7c . Strain IGB-41T was unique in harbouring phosphoaminolipids, aminolipids and glycoaminolipids when compared with Silvimonas amylolytica NBRC 103189T in polar lipid analysis. On the basis of the physiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of strain IGB-41T, we suggest that the novel strain should be assigned to a new genus Amantichitinum and novel species Amantichitinum ursilacus. The type species of the genus Amantichitinum is Amantichitinum ursilacus and the type strain is IGB-41T ( = DSM 23761T = CIP 110167T).
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Pseudovibrio axinellae sp. nov., isolated from an Irish marine sponge
A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated Ad2T, was isolated from a marine sponge, Axinella dissimilis, which was collected from a semi-enclosed marine lake in Ireland. Strain Ad2T grew optimally at 24 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ad2T clustered with members of the genus Pseudovibrio , and showed 97.3–98.2 % sequence similarity to the type strains of recognized Pseudovibrio species. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain Ad2T and the type strains of other Pseudovibrio species were <27 %. The DNA G+C content of strain Ad2T was 50.5 mol%. The major fatty acid was 18 : 1ω7c. Differences in phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and DNA–DNA hybridization analyses, indicated that strain Ad2T represented a novel species of the genus Pseudovibrio . The name Pseudovibrio axinellae sp. nov. is proposed, with Ad2T ( = DSM 24994T = NCIMB 14761T) as the type strain.
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Bdellovibrio exovorus sp. nov., a novel predator of Caulobacter crescentus
The life cycle, prey range and taxonomic status of a Bdellovibrio -like organism, strain JSST, were studied. Strain JSST was isolated from sewage in London, Ontario, Canada, in enrichment culture with Caulobacter crescentus prey cells. During predation, this strain remained attached to the outside of a stalked C. crescentus cell. No periplasmic growth stage was observed and no bdelloplast was formed. The stalked cells of C. crescentus retained their shape and, after predation, were devoid of cytoplasmic content, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. A periplasmic growth stage has been a definitive character in the description of members of the genera Bdellovibrio , Bacteriovorax , Bacteriolyticum and Peredibacter . This is the first description of an epibiotic predator in this group of prokaryotic predators. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain JSST was 46.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain was related to Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains HD100T, 109J, 114 and 127 (90–93 % similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped strain JSST with the Bdellovibrio cluster, but at a distance from other Bdellovibrio isolates. On the basis of features of the life cycle and phylogenetic data, it was concluded that strain JSST merits classification as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bdellovibrio exovorus sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JSST = ATCC BAA-2330T = DSM 25223T).
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Pseudorhodoferax aquiterrae sp. nov., isolated from groundwater
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-containing bacterial strain, designated NAFc-7T, was isolated from groundwater in Taiwan and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and with 0–3 % NaCl (optimum, 0–1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NAFc-7T, together with Pseudorhodoferax soli TBEA3T (98.2 % sequence similarity) and Pseudorhodoferax caeni SB1T (98.0 %), formed a deep line within the family Comamonadaceae . Strain NAFc-7T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo as the predominant fatty acids. The major 3-hydroxy fatty acid was C10 : 0 3-OH. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and an uncharacterized phospholipid. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain NAFc-7T with respect to recognized species of the genus Pseudorhodoferax was less than 70 %. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain NAFc-7T represents a novel member of the genus Pseudorhodoferax , for which the name Pseudorhodoferax aquiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAFc-7T ( = BCRC 80210T = LMG 26333T = KCTC 23314T).
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Loktanella litorea sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DPG-5T, was isolated from seawater of the South Sea, Korea and subjected to a study using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain DPG-5T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DPG-5T fell within the clade comprising members of the genus Loktanella , and formed a cluster with the type strains of Loktanella rosea , Loktanella maricola , Loktanella koreensis and Loktanella tamlensis , with which it exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.7, 96.5, 96.2 and 96.7 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain DPG-5T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Loktanella were in the range of 94.4–96.0 %. The DNA G+C content of strain DPG-5T was 57.6 mol%. Strain DPG-5T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids found in strain DPG-5T were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, showed that strain DPG-5T is differentiated from other species of the genus Loktanella . On the basis of the data presented, strain DPG-5T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella , for which the name Loktanella litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DPG-5T ( = KCTC 23883T = CCUG 62113T).
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Rhodobacter viridis sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium isolated from mud of a stream
More LessA green phototrophic bacterium (strain JA737T), which was oval- to rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile, was isolated from mud of a stream in the Western Ghats of India. Strain JA737T contained bacteriochlorophyll a, and the major carotenoid was neurosporene. The major quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Rhodobacter belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA737T had highest sequence similarity with Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 11166T (98.8 %), Rhodobacter maris JA276T (97 %), Rhodobacter aestuarii JA296T (96.7 %) and other members of the genus Rhodobacter (<96 %). However, strain JA737T showed 22–55 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the above type strains. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic evidence, strain JA737T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter , for which the name Rhodobacter viridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA737T ( = KCTC 15167T = MTCC 11105T = NBRC 108864T).
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Pseudogulbenkiania gefcensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
A novel strain, yH16, was isolated on nutrient agar from soil samples collected at KyungHee University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain yH16T were short rods, Gram-negative-staining, motile and non-spore-forming, with a polar flagellum. Biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Pseudogulbenkiania subflava BP-5T. Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that the new strain clustered with Pseudogulbenkiania subflava BP-5T (95.9 % similarity), Paludibacterium yongneupense 5YN8-15T (95.2 % similarity), Gulbenkiania mobilis E4FC31-5T (94.6 % similarity) and Chromobacterium aquaticum CC-SE-YA-1T (93.9 % similarity). The isolate was able to grow at 25–40 °C, 0.3–2 % NaCl and pH 5.5–7. The DNA G+C content was 65.9±1.0 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16:0. Ubiquinone 8 was the major respiratory quinone. It was evident from the data obtained that the strain should be classified as a novel species of the genus Pseudogulbenkiania . The name proposed for this taxon is Pseudogulbenkiania gefcensis sp. nov., and the type strain is yH16T ( = KCCM 90100T = JCM 17850T).
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Rhodopseudomonas pentothenatexigens sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas thermotolerans sp. nov., isolated from paddy soils
More LessTwo strains (JA575T and JA576T) of orange- to pink-pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from paddy soils. Both strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of spirilloxanthin series. Both strains had C18 : 1ω7c as the major cellular fatty acid, ubiquinone-10 (Q10) as the main quinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strains JA575T and JA576T were genotypically (<35 % DNA–DNA relatedness) and phenotypically distinct from each other. Further, both strains showed less than 48 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strains of all recognized species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas . The molecular evidence is supported by phenotypic evidence. It is proposed that strains JA575T and JA576T be classified as representing two novel species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas with the species names Rhodopseudomonas pentothenatexigens sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas thermotolerans sp. nov., respectively. The type strains of the proposed novel species are JA575T ( = NBRC 108862T = KCTC15143T) and JA576T ( = NBRC 108863T = KCTC 15144T), respectively.
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Transfer of Wautersia numazuensis to the genus Cupriavidus as Cupriavidus numazuensis comb. nov.
More LessPhylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains TE26T and K6 belonging to Wautersia numazuensis Kageyama et al. 2005 showed the strains to be deeply intermingled among the species of the genus Cupriavidus . The comparison showed that strain TE26T was closely related to the type strains of Cupriavidus pinatubonensis (99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), C. basilensis (98.7 %), C. necator (98.7 %) and C. gilardii (98.0 %). However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments (less than 20 % relatedness) demonstrated that strain TE26T is different from these Cupriavidus species. A comparative phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis (based on fatty acid profiles) in combination with the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis and the DNA–DNA hybridization results supported the incorporation of Wautersia numazuensis into the genus Cupriavidus as Cupriavidus numazuensis comb. nov.; the type strain is TE26T ( = LMG 26411T = DSM 15562T = CIP 108892T).
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Fontimonas thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a freshwater hot spring, and proposal of Solimonadaceae fam. nov. to replace Sinobacteraceae Zhou et al. 2008
A novel bacterial strain designated HA-01T was isolated from a freshwater terrestrial hot spring located at Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, USA. Cells were Gram-negative-staining, rod-shaped, aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at 37–60 °C, with an optimum between 45 and 50 °C, and at pH 6.5–8.5, with an optimum between pH 6.5 and 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives of strain HA-01T were Solimonas aquatica NAA-16T (93.8 %), Solimonas flava CW-KD 4T (94.1 %), Solimonas soli DCY12T (93.1 %), Solimonas variicoloris MN28T (94.0 %), Nevskia ramosa Soe1T (91.2 %) and Hydrocarboniphaga effusa AP103T (91.1 %). Major fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c). Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 64.4 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is proposed that strain HA-01T represents a novel species in a new genus for which the name Fontimonas thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HA-01T ( = DSM 23609T = CCUG 59713T). A new family, Solimonadaceae fam. nov., is also proposed to replace Sinobacteriaceae Zhou et al. 2008.
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Budvicia diplopodorum sp. nov. and emended description of the genus Budvicia
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, weakly motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (D9T) was isolated from the gut of Cylindroiulus fulviceps (Diplopoda) on 1/3-strength nutrient agar plates. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain D9T was shown to be phylogenetically closely related to the type strain of Budvicia aquatica , the sole species of the genus Budvicia , family Enterobacteriaceae . The similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain D9T and B. aquatica DSM 5075T was 98.4 %. Other strains that showed high pairwise similarities with the isolate belonged to the genus Yersinia : Y. frederiksenii ATCC 33641T (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Y. massiliensis CCUG 53443T (96.8 %), Y. pestis NCTC 5923T (96.8 %), Y. pseudotuberculosis ATCC 29833T (96.8 %), Y. similis CCUG 52882T (96.7 %) and Y. ruckeri ATCC 29473T (96.5 % ). The similarities of sequences of the housekeeping genes rpoB, hsp60 and gyrB between strain D9T and B. aquatica DSM 5075T and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae were less than 94 %. Phylogenetic trees based on all four gene sequences unequivocally grouped the isolate with the type strain of B. aquatica and separately from the genus Yersinia . Cells contained the quinones Q-8, Q-7 and MK-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the DNA (48.3 mol%) and the whole-cell fatty acid composition of strain D9T (C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, cyclo-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c as major components) were typical for members of the Enterobacteriaceae . DNA–DNA hybridization of strain D9T with B. aquatica DSM 5075T resulted in a relatedness of 30.4 %, indicating that the isolate did not belong to B. aquatica . Physiological tests allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain D9T from B. aquatica DSM 5075T as well as from members of the genus Yersinia . From these results, it is concluded that strain D9T represents a novel species, for which the name Budvicia diplopodorum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain D9T = DSM 21983T = CCM 7845T). The description of the genus Budvicia is emended.
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Transfer of Pseudomonas flectens Johnson 1956 to Phaseolibacter gen. nov., in the family Enterobacteriaceae , as Phaseolibacter flectens gen. nov., comb. nov.
More LessPseudomonas flectens Johnson 1956, a plant-pathogenic bacterium on the pods of the French bean, is no longer considered to be a member of the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto. A polyphasic approach that included examination of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and atpD gene sequences supported the transfer of Pseudomonas flectens Johnson 1956 to a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae as Phaseolibacter flectens gen. nov., comb. nov. Two strains of Phaseolibacter flectens were studied (ATCC 12775T and LMG 2186); the strains shared 99.8 % sequence similarity in their 16S rRNA genes and the housekeeping gene sequences were identical. Strains of Phaseolibacter flectens shared 96.6 % or less 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of different genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae and only 84.7 % sequence similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa LMG 1242T, demonstrating that they are not related to the genus Pseudomonas . As Phaseolibacter flectens formed an independent phyletic lineage in all of the phylogenetic analyses, it could not be affiliated to any of the recognized genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae and therefore was assigned to a new genus. Cells were Gram-negative, straight rods, motile by means of one or two polar flagella, fermentative, facultative anaerobes, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Growth occurred in the presence of 0–60 % sucrose. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 44.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, Pseudomonas flectens Johnson 1956 is transferred to the novel genus Phaseolibacter gen. nov. as Phaseolibacter flectens gen. nov., comb. nov. The type strain of Phaseolibacter flectens is ATCC 12775T = CFBP 3281T = ICMP 745T = LMG 2187T = NCPPB 539T.
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Silanimonas mangrovi sp. nov., a member of the family Xanthomonadaceae isolated from mangrove sediment, and emended description of the genus Silanimonas
More LessA novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain AK13T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from mangrove of Namkhana, Sunderbans, West Bengal, India. Strain AK13T was positive for oxidase, DNase and lipase activities and negative for catalase, gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, nitrate reductase, aesculinase and urease activities. The fatty acids were dominated by iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). Strain AK13T contained Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid as the polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain AK13T was 55.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the type strain of Silanimonas lenta , of the family Xanthomonadaceae (phylum Proteobacteria ), was the closest neighbour of strain AK13T, with 95.2 % sequence similarity. Other members of the family showed sequence similarities <94.4 %. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain AK13T is proposed as a member of a novel species of the genus Silanimonas , Silanimonas mangrovi sp. nov.; the type strain is AK13T ( = MTCC 11082T = DSM 24914T). An emended description of the genus Silanimonas is also provided.
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Description of Cobetia amphilecti sp. nov., Cobetia litoralis sp. nov. and Cobetia pacifica sp. nov., classification of Halomonas halodurans as a later heterotypic synonym of Cobetia marina and emended descriptions of the genus Cobetia and Cobetia marina
More LessA group of five Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, non-pigmented bacteria isolated from shallow sediment samples and invertebrate specimens collected from the Gulf of Alaska and the Sea of Japan was subjected to taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel isolates were affiliated to the genus Cobetia , sharing the highest sequence similarity of 99.3–99.9 % with Cobetia marina DSM 4741T. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between and among the novel strains and C. marina DSM 4741T and Cobetia crustatorum JCM 15644T revealed that the five strains represent three separate genospecies, which could be differentiated in their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Halomonas halodurans NBRC 15607T was included in this study as it has recently been reported to exhibit high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to C. marina DSM 4741T, and it showed a high DNA relatedness value of 96 % with C. marina DSM 4741T, indicating that they belong to the same species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization, three novel species are proposed, named Cobetia amphilecti sp. nov. (type strain KMM 1561T = NRIC 0815T = CCUG 49560T), Cobetia litoralis sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3880T = NRIC 0814T = CCUG 49563T) and Cobetia pacifica sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3879T = NRIC 0813T = CCUG 49562T). It is also proposed that Halomonas halodurans is a later heterotypic synonym of Cobetia marina , and emended descriptions of the genus Cobetia and the species Cobetia marina are provided.
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Description of Kordiimonas aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genus Kordiimonas Kwon et al. 2005 emend. Xu et al. 2011 and of its existing species
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped (0.6–0.9×0.7–1.2 µm), motile marine bacterium, designated MEBiC06554T, was isolated from seawater collected from the East Sea, Korea (also known as the Sea of Japan). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MEBiC06554T was affiliated to the order Kordiimonadales and showed high similarity to Kordiimonas gwangyangensis GW14-5T (95.4 %), but formed a distinct phyletic line. Growth was observed at 10.5–35.0 °C (optimum 20 °C), at pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0–13 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0–3.5 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (14.9 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (44.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 (6.3 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 13.9 %). The DNA G+C content was 50.3 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified glycolipids, six unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminophospholipid were detected as major polar lipids. On the basis of the data from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain MEBiC06554T should be classified within a novel species of the genus Kordiimonas , as Kordiimonas aquimaris sp. nov. The type strain is MEBiC06554T ( = KCCM 42940T = JCM 16665T). Emended descriptions of the genus Kordiimonas and of its species Kordiimonas gwangyangensis and Kordiimonas lacus are also proposed.
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Algimonas porphyrae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Hyphomonadaceae , isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis
Three Gram-negative, stalked, motile bacteria, designated 0C-2-2T, 0C-17 and LNM-3, were isolated from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the three novel strains belonged to the family Hyphomonadaceae , and were closely related to Litorimonas taeanensis G5T (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Hellea balneolensis 26III/A02/215T (94.3 %). The DNA G+C contents of the novel isolates (58.5–60.2 mol%) were clearly distinguished from those of L. taeanensis G5T (47.1 mol%) and H. balneolensis DSM 19091T (47.9 mol%). The G+C content of L. taeanensis G5T obtained in this study was quite different from a previous report (63.6 mol%). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the novel strains constituted a single species. Eleven phenotypic features of the three isolates differed from those of both related genera. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the novel strains represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Algimonas porphyrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Algimonas porphyrae is 0C-2-2T ( = LMG 26424T = NBRC 108216T).
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Massilia namucuonensis sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain 333-1-0411T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Namucuo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The major fatty acid components of strain 333-1-0411T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0; its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Q-8 was the dominant ubiquinone, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 333-1-0411T fell within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Massilia . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain 333-1-0411T and recognized species of the genus Massilia ranged from 95.4 % to 97.2 %, and the most closely related strains were Massilia flava Y9T (97.2 %) and Massilia albidiflava 45T (97.0 %). However, the DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain 333-1-0411T and M. flava Y9T and M. albidiflava 45T were 20.2 % and 27.2 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain 333-1-0411T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Massilia , for which the name Massilia namucuonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 333-1-0411T ( = CGMCC 1.11014T = DSM 25159T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Thermophagus xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic and strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from hot spring sediment
More LessA moderately thermophilic and strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated HS1T, was isolated from offshore hot spring sediment in Xiamen, China. Cells were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, slender and flexible rods without flagella. The strain could grow at 35–55 °C (optimum at 50 °C) and in 1–8 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 2–4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HS1T was affiliated with the family Marinilabiliaceae and shared a distant relationship with the previously described genera. The isolate was most closely related to Anaerophaga thermohalophila Fru22T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 92.4 %, followed by the other members of the family Marinilabiliaceae with 88.7–91.1 % similarity. The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The predominant quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and an unknown polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. Besides the phylogenetically distant relationship, strain HS1T was obviously distinguished from the most closely related genera in several phenotypic properties including colony colour and pigment production, optimal temperature, optimal NaCl, relation to O2, bicarbonate/carbonate requirement, catalase activity, nitrate reduction, fermentation products and cellular fatty acid profile. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain HS1T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Thermophagus xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HS1T ( = DSM 19012T = CGMCCC 1.5071T).
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Arcicella rigui sp. nov., isolated from water of a wetland, and emended descriptions of the genus Arcicella , Arcicella aquatica , Arcicella rosea and Arcicella aurantiaca
More LessA bacterial strain, designated NSW-5T, was isolated from a water sample taken from Niao-Song Wetland Park in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain NSW-5T were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and polymorphic, being straight, vibrioid, curved and spiral-shaped rods surrounded by a thick capsule and forming light pink-coloured colonies. Some rings consisting of several cells were present. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), with 0–3.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %) and at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NSW-5T belonged to the genus Arcicella with sequence similarities of 98.6, 98.0 and 97.3 % with Arcicella aquatica NO-502T, Arcicella rosea TW5T and Arcicella aurantiaca TNR-18T, respectively. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 20.8 %), C16 : 0 (14.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (13.8 %), C16 : 1ω5c (12.5 %) and C18 : 0 (11.4 %), and the only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized glycolipids, aminolipids, phospholipids and aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain NSW-5T was 44.1 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain NSW-5T with respect to recognized species of the genus Arcicella was less than 70 %. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain NSW-5T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Arcicella rigui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NSW-5T ( = KCTC 23307T = BCRC 80260T). Emended descriptions of the genus Arcicella and of Arcicella aquatica , Arcicella rosea and Arcicella aurantiaca are also proposed.
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