Proposal of Minimal Standards for Descriptions of New Species of the Class Mollicutes: International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes †

References

1. Aluotto B. B., Wittier R.G., Williams C.O., Faber J.E. 1970; Standardized bacteriologic techniques for the characterization of Mycoplasma species. Int. J. Syst. Bacterid 20:35–58
   [Google Scholar]
2. Andrews B. E., Leach R.H., Gourlay R.N., Howard C.J. 1973; Enhanced isolation of Mycoplasma dispar by substitution of ampicillin for benzylpenicillin in growth media. Vet. Rec 93:603
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bak A. L., Black F.T., Christiansen C., Freundt E.A. 1969; Genome size of mycoplasmal DNA. Nature (London) 224:1209–1210
   [Google Scholar]
4. Barber T. L., Fabricant J. 1971; Identification of Mycoplasmatales: characterization procedures. Appl. Microbiol 21:600–605
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bebear C., Latrille J., Fleck J., Roy B., Bové J. M. 1974; Spiroplasma citri: un mollicute. p 35–42 In Bové J. M., Duplan J.F. ed Les mycoplasmes. vol 33: Colloques de Inst. Nat. Sante Res. Med. (IN- SERM). Paris:
   [Google Scholar]
6. Belly R. T., Bohlool B.B., , and T, Brock D. 1973; The genus Thermoplasma.. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 225:94–107
   [Google Scholar]
7. Clyde W. A. Jr 1964; Mycoplasma species identification based upon growth inhibition by specific antisera. J. Immunol 92:958–965
   [Google Scholar]
8. Cole B. C., Ward J.R., Martin C.H. 1968; Hemolysin and peroxide activity of Mycoplasma species. J. Bacterid 95:2022–2030
   [Google Scholar]
9. Cole R. M., Tully J.G., Popkin T.J., Bové J. M. 1973; Morphology, ultrastructure, and bacteriophage infection of the helical mycoplasma-like organism (Spiroplasma citri gen. nov., sp. nov.) cultured from “stubborn” disease of citrus. J. Bacterid 115:367–386
   [Google Scholar]
10. Darland G., Brock T.D., Samsonoff W., Conti S.F. 1970; A thermophilic acidophilic mycoplasma isolated from a coal refuse pile. Science 170:1416–1418
    [Google Scholar]
11. Davis R. E., Worley J.F. 1973; Spiroplasma: motile, helical microorganism associated with com stunt disease. Phytopathology 63:403–408
    [Google Scholar]
12. Del Giudice R. A., Robillard N.F., Carski T.R. 1967; Immunofluorescence identification of Mycoplasma on agar by use of incident illumination. J. Bacterid 93:1205–1209
    [Google Scholar]
13. Edward D. G. ff 1971; Determination of sterol requirement for Mycoplasmatales. J. Gen. Microbiol 69:205–210
    [Google Scholar]
14. Edward D. G. If, Freundt E.A. 1967; Proposal for Mollicutes as name of the class established for the order Mycoplasmatales.. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 17:267–268
    [Google Scholar]
15. Edward D. G., If., and Freundt E.A. 1969; Classification of the Mycoplasmatales,. p 147–200 In Hayflick L. ed The Mycoplasmatales and L-phase of bacteria Appleton-Century-Crofts; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
16. Edward D. G. ff, Freundt E.A. 1970; Amended nomenclature for strains related to Mycoplasma laid- lawii.. J. Gen. Microbiol 62:1–2
    [Google Scholar]
17. Ernø H., Stipkovits L. 1973; Bovine mycoplasmas: cultural and biochemical studies. I. Acta Vet. Scand 14:436–449
    [Google Scholar]
18. Ernø H., Stipkovits L. 1973; Bovine mycoplasmas: cultural and biochemical studies. II. Acta Vet. Scand 14:450–463
    [Google Scholar]
19. Fabricant J., Freundt E.A. 1967; Importance of extension and standardization of laboratory tests for the identification and classification of mycoplasma. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 143:50–58
    [Google Scholar]
20. Fallon R. J., Whittlestone P. 1969; Isolation, cultivation and maintenance of mycoplasmas. p 211–267 In Norris J.R., Robbins D.W. ed Methods in microbiology vol 3B: Academic Press, Inc; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
21. Freundt E. A. 1958; The Mycoplasmataceae.. Munks-gaard, Copenhagen
    [Google Scholar]
22. Freundt E. A. 1974; Mycoplasma Nowak 1929. p 930–932 In Buchanan R.E., Gibbons N.E. ed Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
    [Google Scholar]
23. Freundt E. A. 1974; Taxonomy and host relationships of mycoplasmas. p 19–25 In Bové J. M., Duplan J.F. ed Les mycoplasmes vol 33: Colloques de Inst. Nat. Sante Res. Med. (INSERM); Paris:
    [Google Scholar]
24. Fruendt E. A., Andrews B.E., Ernø H., Kunze M., Black F.T. 1973; The sensitivity of Mycoplas-matales to sodium-polyanethol-sulfonate and digitonin. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkde. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. Reihe A 225:104–112
    [Google Scholar]
25. Friis N. F. 1971; Sensitivity of Mycoplasma suipneumon- iae to penicillin-G. Acta Vet. Scand 12:120–121
    [Google Scholar]
26. Gilliam J. M., Morowitz H.J. 1972; Characterization of the plasma membrane of Mycoplasma laid- lawii IX. Isolation and characterization of the mem-brane polyhexosamine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 274:353–363
    [Google Scholar]
27. Gourlay R. N., Leach R.H. 1970; A new myco plasma species isolated from pneumonic lungs of calves (Mycoplasma dispar sp. nov.). J. Med. Microbiol 3:111–123
    [Google Scholar]
28. Gourlay R. N., Thrower K.J. 1968; Morphology of Mycoplasma mycoides thread-phase growth. J. Gen. Microbiol 54:155–159
    [Google Scholar]
29. Hopps H. E., Meyer B.C., Barile M.F., DelGiudice R.A. 1973; Problems concerning "noncultivable” mycoplasma contaminants in tissue cultures. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 225:265–276
    [Google Scholar]
30. Hughes J. H., Thomas D.C., Hamparian V.V., , and Somerson N.L. 1974; Characterization of Mycoplasma pneumoniae growth factors in bovine serum fraction. J. Med. Microbiol 7:35–40
    [Google Scholar]
31. International Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria 1971; Xth International Congress for Microbiology. Minutes of the Meetings, 8 and 13 August 1970. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 21111–118
    [Google Scholar]
32. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology 1974; 1st International Congress for Bacteriology. Minutes of the Meetings, 2 and 6 September 1973. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 24375–387
    [Google Scholar]
33. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplasmatales. 1967; Recommendations on nomenclature of the order Mycoplasmatales. Science 1551694–1696
    [Google Scholar]
34. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplasmatales. 1972; Proposal for minimal standards for descriptions of new species of the order Mycoplasmatales. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 22184–188
    [Google Scholar]
35. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplas- matales. 1974; Minutes of Meeting, 5 and 6 September 1973. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 24390–392
    [Google Scholar]
36. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplas- matales. 1975; Minutes of Interim Meeting, 18 September 1974. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 25237–239
    [Google Scholar]
37. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplas- matales. 1977; Minutes of Interim Meeting, 22 September 1976. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 27392–394
    [Google Scholar]
38. Kelton W. H., Mandel M. 1969; Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of mycoplasma strains of avian origin. J. Gen. Microbiol 56:131–135
    [Google Scholar]
39. Kenny G. E., Grayston J.T. 1965; Eaton pleuro pneumonia-like organism (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) complement-fixing antigen: extraction with organic solvents. J. Immunol 95:19–25
    [Google Scholar]
40. Krogsgaard-Jensen A. 1971; Indirect hemagglutination with Mycoplasma antigens: effects of pH on antigen sensitization of tanned fresh and formalinized sheep erythrocytes. Appl. Microbiol 22:756–759
    [Google Scholar]
41. Lapage S. P., Sneath P. H. A., Lessel E. F., Skerman V. B. D., Seeliger H. P. R., Clark W.A. ed 1975; International code of nomenclature of bacteria, 1976 revision. American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D. C:
    [Google Scholar]
42. Leach R. H. 1976; The inhibitory effect of arginine on growth of some mycoplasmas. J. Appl. Bacteriol 41:259–264
    [Google Scholar]
43. Lemcke R. M. 1971; Sizing small organisms. Nature (London) 229:492–493
    [Google Scholar]
44. Lemcke R. M. 1965; A serological comparison of various species of mycoplasma by an agar gel double-diffusion technique. J. Gen. Microbiol 38:91–100
    [Google Scholar]
45. Lind K. 1968; An indirect haemagglutination test for serum antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae using formalinized, tanned sheep erythrocytes. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand 73:459–472
    [Google Scholar]
46. Lind K. 1970; A simple test for peroxide secretion by Mycoplasma.. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sec. B 78:256–257
    [Google Scholar]
47. Marmur J., Doty P. 1962; Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J. Mol. Biol 5:109–118
    [Google Scholar]
48. Masover G. K., Sawyer J.E., Hayflick L. 1976; Urea-hydrolyzing activity of a T-strain mycoplasma: Ureaplasma urealyticum.. J. Bacteriol 125:581–587
    [Google Scholar]
49. Mayberry-Carson K. J., Roth I.L., Harris J.L., , and Smith P.F. 1974; Scanning electron microscopy of Thermoplasma acidophilum.. J. Bacteriol 120:1472–1475
    [Google Scholar]
50. Mayberry-Carson K. J., Roth I.L., Smith P.F. 1975; Ultrastructure of lipopolysaccharide isolated from Thermoplasma acidophilum.. J. Bacteriol 121:700–703
    [Google Scholar]
51. McGee Z. A., Rogul M., Wittier R.G. 1967; Molecular genetic studies of relationships among mycoplasmas, L-forms and bacteria. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 143:21–30
    [Google Scholar]
52. Morton H. E. 1966; Mycoplasma-latex agglutination re action. J. Bacteriol 92:1196–1205
    [Google Scholar]
53. Mouches C., Vignault J.C., Tully J. G., Whitcomb R.F., Bové J. M. 1979; Characterization of spi- roplasmas by one and two dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide slab gels. Curr. Microbiol 2:69–74
    [Google Scholar]
54. Purcell R. H., Chanock R.M., Taylor-Robin-son D. 1969; Serology of the mycoplasmas of man. p 221–264 In Hayflick L. ed The Mycoplasmatales and the L-phase of bacteria Appletbn-Century-Crofts; New York:
    [Google Scholar]
55. Purcell R. H., Taylor-Robinson D., Wong D.C., Chanock R.M. 1966; A color test for the measurement of antibody to the nonacid-forming human mycoplasma species. Am. J. Epidemiol 84:51–66
    [Google Scholar]
56. Purcell R. H., Taylor-Robinson D., Wong D., Chanock R.M. 1966; Color test for the measurement of antibody to T-strain mycoplasmas. J. Bacteriol 92:6–12
    [Google Scholar]
57. Razin S., Cleverdon R.C. 1965; Carotenoids and cholesterol in membranes of Mycoplasma laidlawii.. J. Gen. Microbiol 41:409–415
    [Google Scholar]
58. Razin S., Hasin M., Ne’eman Z., Rottem S. 1973; Isolation, chemical composition, and ultrastructural features of the cell membrane of the mycoplasma-like organism Spiroplasma citri.. J. Bacteriol 116:1421–1435
    [Google Scholar]
59. Razin S., Rottem S. 1967; Identification of Myco plasma and other microorganisms by polyacrylamide- gel electrophoresis of cell proteins. J. Bacteriol 94:1807–1810
    [Google Scholar]
60. Razin S., Tully J.G. 1970; Cholesterol requirements of mycoplasmas. J. Bacteriol 102:306–310
    [Google Scholar]
61. Robertson J., Gomersall M., Gill P. 1975; Myco plasma hominis: growth, reproduction, and isolation of small viable cells. J. Bacteriol 124:1007–1018
    [Google Scholar]
62. Robinson I. M., Allison M.J. 1975; Transfer of Acholeplasma bactoclasticum Robinson and Hungate to the genus Anaeroplasma (Anaeroplasma bactoclasticum [Robinson and Hungate] comb, nov.): emended description of the species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 25:182–186
    [Google Scholar]
63. Robinson I. M., Allison M.J., Hartman P.A. 1975; Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: an obligately anaerobic mycoplasma from the rumen. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 25:173–181
    [Google Scholar]
64. Rodwell A. W., Rodwell E.S. 1978; Relationships between strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subspp. my- coides and capri studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins. J. Gen. Microbiol 109:259–263
    [Google Scholar]
65. Rosendal S., Black F.T. 1972; Direct and indirect immunofluorescence of unfixed and fixed mycoplasma colonies. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sec. B 80:615–622
    [Google Scholar]
66. Saglio P., Lhospital M., Lafléche D., Dupont G., Bové J. M., Tully J.G., Freundt E.A. 1973; Spiroplasma citri gen. and sp. n.: a mycoplasma-like organism associated with “stubborn” disease of citrus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 23:191–204
    [Google Scholar]
67. Schildkraut C. L., Marmur J., Doty P. 1962; Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its buoyant density in CsCl. J. Mol. Biol 4:430–443
    [Google Scholar]
68. Senterfit L. B., Jensen K.E. 1966; Antimetabolic antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae measured by tetrazolium reduction inhibition. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med 122:786–790
    [Google Scholar]
69. Shepard M. C., Howard D.R. 1970; Identification of “T” mycoplasmas in primary agar cultures by means of a direct test for urease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 174:809–819
    [Google Scholar]
70. Shepard M. C., Lunceford C.D., Ford D. K., Purcell R.H., Taylor-Robinson D., Razin S., Black F.T. 1974; Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: proposed nomenclature for the human T (T- strain) mycoplasmas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 24:160–171
    [Google Scholar]
71. Skripal I. G. 1974; On improvement of taxonomy of the class Mollicutes and establishment in the order Myco-plasmatales of the new family Spiroplasmataceae. Fam. Nova. Mikrobiol. Zh. Kiev 36:462–467
    [Google Scholar]
72. Smith P. F., Morton H.E. 1951; The separation and characterization of the growth factor in serum and ascitic fluid which is required by certain pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. Bacteriol 61:395–405
    [Google Scholar]
73. Sobeslavsky O., Chanock R.M. 1968; Peroxide formation by mycoplasmas which infect man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med 129:531–535
    [Google Scholar]
74. Sobeslavsky O., Prescott B., Chanock R.M. 1968; Adsorption of Mycopltisma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. J. Bacteriol 96:695–705
    [Google Scholar]
75. Somerson N. L., Reich P.R., Chanock R.M., Weissman S.M. 1967; Genetic differentiation by nucleic acid homology. III. Relationships among mycoplasma, L-forms, and bacteria. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 143:9–20
    [Google Scholar]
76. Taylor-Robinson D., Purcell R.H., Wong D.C., , and Chanock R.M. 1966; A colour test for the measurement of antibody to certain mycoplasma species based upon the inhibition of acid production. J. Hyg. Camb 64:91–104
    [Google Scholar]
77. Taylor-Robinson D., Somerson N.L., Turner H.C., Chanock R.M. 1963; Serological relationships among human mycoplasmas as shown by complement- fixation and gel diffusion. J. Bacteriol 85:1261–1273
    [Google Scholar]
78. Tully J. G. 1965; Biochemical, morphological, and sero logical characterization of mycoplasma of murine origin. J. Infect. Dis 115:171–185
    [Google Scholar]
79. Tully J. G. 1973; Biological and serological characteristics of the acholeplasmas. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 225:74–93
    [Google Scholar]
80. Tully J. G., Razin S. 1968; Physiological and serological comparisons among strains of Mycoplasma granularum and Mycoplasma laidlawii.. J. Bacteriol 95:1504–1512
    [Google Scholar]
81. Williams C. O., Wittier R.G. 1971; Hydrolysis of aesculin and phosphatase production by members of the order Mycoplasmatales which do not require sterol. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 21:73–77
    [Google Scholar]
82. Working Group on the FAO/WHO Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology 1974; The determination of metabolism of glucose. World Health Organization Working Document, VPH/MIC/74.2.
83. Working Group of the FAO/WHO Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology 1975; Identification of mycoplasmas by electrophoretic analysis of cell proteins. World Health Organization Working Document, VPH/MIC/75.3.
84. Working Group of the FAO/WHO Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology 1975; The metabolism-inhibition test. World Health Organization Working Document, VPH/MIC/75.6.
85. Working Group of the FAO/WHO Programme on Comparative Mycoplasmology 1976; The growth inhibition test. World Health Organization Working Document, VPH/MIC/76.7.