- Volume 58, Issue 8, 2008
Volume 58, Issue 8, 2008
- Notification List
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Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 58, part 5, of the IJSEM
This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles). Taxonomic opinions included in this List (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission.
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- New Taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Thermobifida halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a salt mine sample, and emended description of the genus Thermobifida
More LessThe actinomycete strain YIM 90462T was isolated from a salt mine sample collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate, which had sequence similarities of more than 97 % to Thermobifida alba, Thermobifida fusca and Thermobifida cellulosilytica, was a candidate member of the genus Thermobifida. Subsequently, a polyphasic approach was used to clarify the taxonomic position of strain YIM 90462T. Its diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars contained galactose, xylose and glucose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Results of DNA–DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests enabled genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM 90462T from the three Thermobifida species with validly published names. Consequently, it is proposed that strain YIM 90462T should be recognized as a representative of a novel species of Thermobifida, Thermobifida halotolerans sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 90462T (=KCTC 19123T =DSM 44931T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Thermobifida is presented.
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Aeromicrobium flavum sp. nov., isolated from air
More LessA Gram-positive, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic actinobacterium, designated TYLN1T, was isolated from an air sample from the campus of Wuhan University, China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain TYLN1T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 °C. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. The G+C content of the strain was 73.3 mol%. The cell-wall diamino acid was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4) and the predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1 ω9c (68.38 %). These chemotaxonomic data also support the affiliation of strain TYLN1T to the genus Aeromicrobium. The values for DNA–DNA hybridization between strain TYLN1T and the phylogenetically closest relatives Aeromicrobium tamlense DSM 19087T and Aeromicrobium panaciterrae DSM 17939T were respectively 35 and 11.5 %. On the basis of the data from this study, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Aeromicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TYLN1T (=CCTCC AB 206046T =DSM 19355T).
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Nocardioides fonticola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from spring water
More LessA Gram-positive, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented actinomycete, designated strain NAA-13T, was isolated from a freshwater spring located in Kaoshiung, southern Taiwan. This strain was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardioides. The strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the principal diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the strain formed a monophyletic branch at the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Nocardioides; its closest neighbours were Nocardioides insulae DS-51T (94.9 % similarity), Nocardioides pyridinolyticus KCTC 0074BPT (96.5 % similarity) and Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9T (96.6 % similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain NAA-13T was 71.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NAA-13T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides fonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAA-13T (=LMG 24213T=BCRC 16874T).
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Frigoribacterium mesophilum sp. nov., a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from Bigeum Island, Korea
More LessA taxonomic study was performed on strain MSL-08T, which was isolated from a soil sample collected from Bigeum Island. The novel isolate was aerobic and Gram-positive. Cells were short and motile rods. Growth temperature ranged from 20 to 28 °C and the pH for growth ranged from 6.5 to 12.0. The optimum growth temperature and pH were 28 °C and 7.3, respectively. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. Cell wall analysis showed B-type peptidoglycan containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine, glutamate and lysine. The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were ai-C15 : 0, i-C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and ai-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 67.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain MSL-08T had less than 97 % similarity to any recognized species of the genus Frigoribacterium. Frigoribacterium faeni DSM 10309T was found to be the closest neighbour (96.95 %) to the novel strain. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain MSL-08T represents a novel member of the genus Frigoribacterium for which the name Frigoribacterium mesophilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSL-08T (=DSM 19442T=KCTC 19311T).
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Microlunatus aurantiacus sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample
A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic strain, designated YIM 45721T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Yunnan Province, China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain YIM 45721T was assigned to the genus Microlunatus and was most closely related to the type strain of Microlunatus phosphovorus (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Chemotaxonomic data, including cell-wall peptidoglycan structure, menaquinones and fatty acid profile, supported affiliation of strain YIM 45721T to the genus Microlunatus. Results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests enabled strain YIM 45721T to be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from M. phosphovorus. Therefore, strain YIM 45721T represents a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 45721T (=CCTCC AB 206067T=DSM 18424T).
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Cellulomonas chitinilytica sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from cattle-farm compost
More LessA bacterial strain, designated X.bu-bT, with chitin-, xylan-, cellulose- and starch-degrading activities, was isolated from compost at a cattle farm near Daejeon, Republic of Korea. The strain comprised Gram-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria. On the basis of an analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the phylogenetic position of X.bu-bT was within the genus Cellulomonas, and the strain exhibited relatively high sequence similarities with respect to Cellulomonas biazotea DSM 20112T (98.1 %), C. cellasea DSM 20118T (98.1 %), C. fimi DSM 20113T (98.0 %), C. terrae DB5T (97.9 %), C. humilata ATCC 25174T (97.7 %), C. xylanilytica XIL11T (97.5 %), C. uda DSM 20107T (97.4 %), C. gelida DSM 20111T (97.3 %), C. iranensis OT (97.3 %) and C. flavigena DSM 20109T (97.0 %). The phylogenetic distance from other Cellulomonas species with validly published names was greater than 3 % (i.e. less than 97.0 % sequence similarity). Chemotaxonomic data also supported the classification of strain X.bu-bT within the genus Cellulomonas: l-ornithine was the cell-wall diamino acid, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the major fatty acids, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and ribose were the cell-wall sugars, MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were present in the polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 73.6 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the values for DNA–DNA relatedness between strain X.bu-bT and the phylogenetically closest neighbours were below 23 %. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain X.bu-bT represents a novel species of the genus Cellulomonas, for which the name Cellulomonas chitinilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X.bu-bT (=KCTC 19133T =DSM 17922T).
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Arthrobacter defluvii sp. nov., 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from sewage
More LessTwo 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria, strains 4C1-aT and 4C1-b, were isolated from sewage flowing into Geumho River near the Daegu industrial complex in Korea. Cells of the strains were Gram-positive and non-motile, displayed a rod–coccus life cycle and formed creamy white colonies on R2A agar or peptone-carbohydrate agar. The strains had chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Arthrobacter, i.e. MK-9(H2) as the major menaquinone, iso- and anteiso-branched components as the predominant fatty acids, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as cell-wall sugars, peptidoglycan-type A3α, and DNA G+C content of 63.5–64.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that the strains were most similar to Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus DSM 12829T, Arthrobacter oxydans DSM 20119T and Arthrobacter scleromae JCM 12642T (with 98.4, 97.8 and 97.8 % similarity, respectively) and formed a separate lineage with A. chlorophenolicus in the genus Arthrobacter. Combined phenotypic data and DNA–DNA hybridization data supported the conclusion that strains 4C1-aT and 4C1-b represent a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4C1-aT (=KCTC 19209T=DSM 18782T).
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Nesterenkonia flava sp. nov., isolated from paper-mill effluent
A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated CAAS 251T, was isolated from paper-mill effluent in Wuhan, China. The organism grew optimally at 40–42 °C and at pH 9.0–10.0. The major menaquinones were MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.78 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (25.24 %) and C16 : 0 (13.37 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAAS 251T belongs to the genus Nesterenkonia, having sequence identities ranging from 96.0 to 97.0 % with respect to eight recognized species of the genus Nesterenkonia. Data from DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests indicated that strain CAAS 251T represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia, for which the name Nesterenkonia flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAAS 251T (=CCTCC AB 207010T=JCM 14814T).
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Leifsonia bigeumensis sp. nov., isolated from soil on Bigeum Island, Korea
More LessA Gram-positive, motile, mesophilic bacterium that formed yellowish-white, circular, convex, glistening colonies, strain MSL-27T, was isolated from a soil sample from Bigeum Island, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain MSL-27T are non-spore-forming, irregular rods, usually fragmenting into shorter rods or coccoid elements. The growth temperature and pH ranges are 20–37 °C and pH 6.0–12.0, with optimum growth at 28 °C and pH 8.0. MK-11 is the major menaquinone and dl-2,4-diaminobutyric acid is found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major fatty acids are i-C16 : 0 (39 %), ai-C15 : 0 (36 %), ai-C17 : 0 (18 %) and i-C15 : 0 (2 %). The G+C content is 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MSL-27T should be placed in the genus Leifsonia. Levels of similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MSL-27T and those of the type strains of the other members of the genus Leifsonia ranged from 95.8 to 96.7 %. Based on phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and chemotaxonomic features, strain MSL-27T (=KCTC 19268T =DSM 19322T) represents the type strain of a novel species of Leifsonia, for which the name Leifsonia bigeumensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Transfer of Catellatospora koreensis Lee et al. 2000 as Catelliglobosispora koreensis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Catellatospora tsunoense Asano et al. 1989 as Hamadaea tsunoensis gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Catellatospora Asano and Kawamoto 1986 emend. Lee and Hah 2002
More LessA polyphasic taxonomic analysis of all species of the genus Catellatospora with validly published names revealed morphological, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic heterogeneity. The type species, Catellatospora citrea, and Catellatospora methionotrophica, Catellatospora chokoriensis, Catellatospora coxensis and Catellatospora bangladeshensis had similar morphological and chemotaxonomical properties. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Catellatospora koreensis and Catellatospora tsunoense were heterogeneous and were also heterogeneous with other species of the genus Catellatospora with respect to the menaquinone composition. DNA–DNA hybridization data showed that the type strains of Catellatospora koreensis and Catellatospora tsunoense were significantly different from each other and other recognized species in the genus Catellatospora. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic differences, two new genera with the names Catelliglobosispora gen. nov. and Hamadaea gen. nov. are proposed to accommodate two species classified originally as belonging to the genus Catellatospora and Catelliglobosispora koreensis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Hamadaea tsunoensis gen. nov., comb. nov. are described. The type species of the genus Catelliglobosispora is Catelliglobosispora koreensis (type strain LM 042T=JCM 10976T=DSM 44566T=IMSNU 50729T) and the type species of the genus Hamadaea is Hamadaea tsunoensis (type strain 6420-PT=JCM 9105T=DSM 44101T=IMSNU 22005T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity
More LessThree strains of anaerobic, variably pigmenting, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from human oral mucosal tissue were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization revealed that the strains constituted a novel group within the genus Prevotella, being most closely related to Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella veroralis. A novel species, Prevotella histicola sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. Prevotella histicola is saccharolytic and produces acetic acid and succinic acid as major end products of fermentation and trace to minor amounts of isovaleric acid and lactic acid. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 43 mol%. The type strain of Prevotella histicola is T05-04T (=DSM 19854T=CCUG 55407T).
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Tamlana agarivorans sp. nov., isolated from seawater off Jeju Island in Korea
More LessA Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, agarolytic bacterial strain, designated JW-26T, was isolated from seawater off Jeju Island in Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Strain JW-26T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of approximately 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JW-26T joins Tamlana crocina HST1-43T, with which it exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 95.5 %. Strain JW-26T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 36.8 mol%. There were no distinct phenotypic and, particularly, chemotaxonomic properties to differentiate strain JW-26T from the genus Tamlana. DNA–DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain JW-26T is distinguishable from the type strain of T. crocina. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, therefore, strain JW-26T represents a novel species within the genus Tamlana, for which the name Tamlana agarivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JW-26T (=KCTC 22176T =CCUG 55327T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Rhodobacter megalophilus sp. nov., a phototroph from the Indian Himalayas possessing a wide temperature range for growth
More LessTwo strains of phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacteria capable of growing at low temperatures (5 °C) were isolated from the Himalayas. The two strains showed positive phototaxis and grew over a relatively wide temperature range (5–40 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA194T clustered with members of the genus Rhodobacter. Strain JA194T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158T (99 %). However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158T and strain JA194T revealed a level of relatedness of only 67 %. The DNA base composition of strain JA194T was 66.67 mol% G+C (by HPLC). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological, physiological, Fourier transform infrared fingerprinting and DNA–DNA hybridization studies, strain JA194T (=KCTC 5602T =JCM 14598T) is sufficiently different from other Rhodobacter species to merit its description as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Rhodobacter megalophilus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Rubellimicrobium mesophilum sp. nov., a mesophilic, pigmented bacterium isolated from soil
More LessA pink- to light-reddish-pigmented, aerobic, pointed, budding, mesophilic strain designated MSL-20T was isolated from soil from Bigeum island, Korea. The isolate was Gram-negative. Cells were motile rods without flagella. The temperature and pH for growth were 20–37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and pH 7.0–11.0 (optimum pH 7.0±0.2). Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (37 %), C18 : 1 ω7c (36 %) and 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c (12 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that Rubellimicrobium thermophilum DSM 16684T was its closest neighbour (95.2 % similarity); the isolate had less than 97.0 % similarity to all species with validly published names. Chemotaxonomic data were determined for this isolate, including peptidoglycan type, diagnostic sugar composition, fatty acid profiles, ubiquinones and polar lipids; the results supported the affiliation of strain MSL-20T to the genus Rubellimicrobium. The DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain MSL-20T represents a novel species of the genus Rubellimicrobium, for which the name Rubellimicrobium mesophilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSL-20T (=KCTC 22012T =DSM 19309T).
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Sphingobium rhizovicinum sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Fortunella hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Swingle
More LessThe taxonomic status of a pale-yellow-coloured bacterial isolate from rhizosphere soil of Fortunella hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Swingle was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate constituted a distinct branch within the genus Sphingobium. The generic assignment was confirmed by chemotaxonomic data, which revealed the presence of a fatty acid profile that was characteristic for the genus Sphingobium, consisting of straight-chain saturated and unsaturated as well as 2-OH fatty acids and the lack of 3-OH fatty acids, ubiquinone with ten isoprene units (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and a polar lipid pattern that consisted of the predominant compounds phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and an unknown glycolipid. Spermidine was the major polyamine component. The genotypic and phenotypic data (physiology and fatty acid and polar lipid profiles) showed that the isolate merits classification as representing a novel species of the genus Sphingobium, for which the name Sphingobium rhizovicinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-FH12-1T (=CCM 7941T=BCRC 17770T).
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Spongiispira norvegica gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the boreal sponge Isops phlegraei
The bacterial strain Gp_4_7.1T, isolated from the marine sponge Isops phlegraei collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast, was characterized. The isolate was a motile spirillum that was monopolarly and monotrichously flagellated. It was aerobic, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred between 20 and 30 °C, at pH 7–8 and with a salt concentration of 2–3 % (w/v). The isolate showed a relatively restricted nutritional profile. Substrate utilization tests were only positive for arabinose. Enzyme tests were positive for esterase lipase C8, lipase C14, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. The strain was not able to reduce nitrate. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 62.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the order Oceanospirillales in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain Gp_4_7.1T formed a distinct phyletic line with less than 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relatives with validly published names. Based on the determined data, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species in a new genus, Spongiispira norvegica gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiispira norvegica is Gp_4_7.1T (=DSM 17749T =NCIMB 14401T).
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Thiofaba tepidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the Gammaproteobacteria isolated from a hot spring
More LessA novel obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium designated strain BDA453T was isolated from a hot spring in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. The cells were short-rod-shaped and possessed an inclusion, a Gram-negative type cell wall and a single polar flagellum. Strain BDA453T grew by sulfur-oxidizing respiration with thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfide and tetrathionate as electron donors and used only carbon dioxide as a carbon source. The optimum growth conditions were 45 °C, pH 6.5 and the absence of NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolate was a member of the Gammaproteobacteria and related to the genera Halothiobacillus and Thiovirga in the family Halothiobacillaceae. However, the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BDA453T was distant from any other known bacteria with sequence similarities of less than 90 %. On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic analysis, strain BDA453T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Halothiobacillaceae, for which the name Thiofaba tepidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Thiofaba tepidiphila is BDA453T (=NBRC 103218T=DSM 19618T).
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Vibrio areninigrae sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from black sand
More LessA Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, slightly curved rod-shaped bacterial strain was isolated from black sand collected from Soesoggak, Jeju island, Korea. The strain, designated J74T, was able to grow in the presence of 1–7.5 % NaCl, at temperatures of 4–45 °C and at pH 5–10. Strain J74T was oxidase- and catalase-positive, arginine dihydrolase-negative and sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Strain J74T was characterized based on physiology, morphology, biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolate required sodium ions for growth and utilized a wide range of compounds as sole sources of carbon and energy. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain J74T belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria. It was found to be associated with the genus Vibrio and was phylogenetically related most closely to the type strain of Vibrio hispanicus (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain J74T and V. hispanicus KCTC 12827T revealed a level of relatedness of 37.7 %. Thus, phenotypic and phylogenetic data suggested that J74T should be placed in the genus Vibrio as representing a novel species, for which the name Vibrio areninigrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J74T (=KCTC 22122T =JCM 14949T).
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Shewanella basaltis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from black sand
More LessA Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from black sand collected at Soesoggak, Jeju island, Korea. The strain, designated J83T, was able to grow in the presence of 5 % NaCl, at temperatures of 4–45 °C and over the pH range 5.5–9.5. The isolate reduced nitrate to nitrite and was positive for oxidase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase. Strain J83T utilized malate, maltose, mannitol and glucose as sole sources of carbon. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain J83T belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria and is related to species of the genus Shewanella. Strain J83T exhibited 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Shewanella hafniensis. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization, the level of relatedness between strain J83T and S. hafniensis NBRC 100975T was 39.3 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain J83T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella basaltis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J83T (=KCTC 22121T =JCM 14937T).
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Pseudomonas xiamenensis sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from activated sludge
More LessA taxonomic study was carried out on strain C10-2T, a moderately halophilic denitrifier isolated from activated sludge samples collected in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain C10-2T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, with highest sequence similarity of 98.1 and 97.7 % to ‘Pseudomonas denitrificans’ IAM 12023 and Pseudomonas pertucinogena JCM 11590T, respectively. The gyrB, rpoD and rpoB gene sequence similarity between strain C10-2T and P. pertucinogena JCM 11590T was respectively 84.1, 79.0 and 88.2 %. Phylogenetic trees based on these housekeeping genes showed that strain C10-2T and P. pertucinogena JCM 11590T form a clade at the periphery of the genus Pseudomonas. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain C10-2T and P. pertucinogena JCM 11590T was 30–32 %. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 61.2 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain C10-2T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas xiamenensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain C10-2T (=CGMCC 1.6446 =JCM 13530T =MCCC 1A00089T).
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Colwellia polaris sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Arctic sea ice
More LessA novel psychrotolerant, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain 537T, was isolated from sea-ice samples from the Arctic. Strain 537T was able to grow at 4–26 °C, with optimum growth occurring at 20–21 °C. Strain 537T had Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone and contained iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c (22.95 %), C15 : 1 (17.64 %) and C17 : 1 ω8c (13.74 %) as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 537T formed a coherent cluster within the genus Colwellia. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.5 %) exhibited by strain 537T was obtained with respect to the type strain of Colwellia aestuarii. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties and DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain 537T represents a novel species of the genus Colwellia, for which the name Colwellia polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 537T (=CGMCC 1.6132T =JCM 13952T).
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Phylogeny by a polyphasic approach of the order Caulobacterales, proposal of Caulobacter mirabilis sp. nov., Phenylobacterium haematophilum sp. nov. and Phenylobacterium conjunctum sp. nov., and emendation of the genus Phenylobacterium
Three strains of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from fresh water and human blood. As determined by analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the prosthecate strain FWC 38T was affiliated to the alphaproteobacterial genus Caulobacter, with Caulobacter henricii (96.8 %) and Caulobacter fusiformis (96.8 %) as its closest relatives. The non-prosthecate strain LMG 11050T and the prosthecate strain FWC 21T both belonged to the genus Phenylobacterium with Phenylobacterium koreense (96.9 %) and Phenylobacterium immobile (96.3 %) as the closest relatives. This affiliation was supported by chemotaxonomic data (polar lipids and cellular fatty acids). Physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strains from all hitherto recognized species of the genera Caulobacter and Phenylobacterium. The strains therefore represent novel species, for which the names Caulobacter mirabilis sp. nov. (type strain FWC 38T=LMG 24261T=CCUG 55073T), Phenylobacterium conjunctum (type strain FWC 21T=LMG 24262T=CCUG 55074T), the first described prosthecate Phenylobacterium species, and Phenylobacterium haematophilum sp. nov. (type strain LMG 11050T=CCUG 26751T) are proposed. Marker nucleotides within the 16S rRNA genes were determined for the genera Asticcacaulis, Brevundimonas, Caulobacter and Phenylobacterium and the description of the genus Phenylobacterium is emended.
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- Eukaryotic Micro-Organisms
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Cryptococcus pinus sp. nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from pine litter
More LessA novel species of the genus Cryptococcus, isolated from dead needles of Pinus sylvestris, was identified using mycocinotyping and rDNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel species was located in the Kwoniella clade of the Tremellales and was closely related to Cryptococcus dejecticola. The type strain of the novel species, Cryptococcus pinus sp. nov., is VKM Y-2958T (=CBS 10737T).
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- Other Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Lentibacillus salis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake
More LessA Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain BH113T, was isolated from a salt lake located in Xinjiang Province, China. Cells of the strain were aerobic, spore-forming, motile rods with flagella. The organism grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of 10 % (w/v) NaCl. A phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a clade with the type strains of the genus Lentibacillus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain BH113T and Lentibacillus lacisalsi KCTC 3915T, Lentibacillus juripiscarius JCM 12147T and Lentibacillus kapialis JCM 12580T were 96.7, 96.3 and 96.1 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.2 mol% and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ (meso-diaminopimelic acid) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Therefore, on the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain BH113T represents a novel species within the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus salis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH113T (=KCTC 3936T =DSM 16817T).
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Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from activated sludge foam
More LessThe taxonomic position of a Gram-positive coccus, designated strain CAU 28T, isolated from activated sludge foam was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical tests, strain CAU 28T was identified tentatively as a member of the genus Lactococcus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that levels of similarity between strain CAU 28T and the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species ranged from 90.4 to 97.2 %. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed that strain CAU 28T displayed less than 26.1 % relatedness to the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species. The rep-PCR fingerprints revealed that strain CAU 28T was well separated from reference Lactococcus species. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that strain CAU 28T represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 28T (=KCTC 13185T =CCUG 55099T).
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Saccharibacillus sacchari gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sugar cane
A bacterial strain designated GR21T was isolated from apoplastic fluid of Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family ‘Paenibacillaceae’, with Paenibacillus as the closest related genus. Within this genus, the closest related species is Paenibacillus xylanilyticus, with 93.4 % similarity to the sequence of the type strain. The isolate has Gram-variable, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped cells, motile by polar and subpolar flagella. Round, non-ornamented, central or subterminal spores are formed in unswollen sporangia. The strain is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative on nutrient agar medium. Cellulose and aesculin were hydrolysed, whereas xylan, starch and gelatin were not. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates as carbon sources. Strain GR21T displayed a lipid profile consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phosphoglycolipid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 57.8 mol%. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, including assimilation of carbon sources and exoenzyme production commonly used for classification within the family ‘Paenibacillaceae’, showed that strain GR21T belongs to a new genus within this family, for which the name Saccharibacillus sacchari gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Saccharibacillus sacchari is GR21T (=LMG 24085T =DSM 19268T).
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Cohnella phaseoli sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus coccineus in Spain, and emended description of the genus Cohnella
More LessA bacterial strain designated GSPC1T was isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus coccineus in Segovia (Spain). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 95.9 and 94.7 % sequence similarity, respectively, with those of the type strains of Cohnella hongkongensis and Cohnella thermotolerans. Strain GSPC1T presented phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular differences with respect to Cohnella species which indicated that it belonged to a different species. The isolate was a Gram-positive, aerobic, sporulated rod, motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strain was catalase-positive and showed weak oxidase activity. It grew in the presence of 2 % NaCl. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content was 60.3 mol%. The results of this study suggest that isolate GSPC1T should be classified within a novel Cohnella species, for which the name Cohnella phaseoli sp. nov. is proposed, with strain GSPC1T (=LMG 24086T =DSM 19269T) as the type strain.
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Reclassification of Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus and Ruminococcus schinkii as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov., Blautia schinkii comb. nov. and description of Blautia wexlerae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces
More LessPhenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on 15 isolates of an unidentified Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-sporulating coccobacillus-shaped bacterium isolated from human faeces. The novel organisms were catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and succinate as end products of metabolism. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the 15 isolates were highly related to each other and formed a hitherto unknown subline within the clostridial rRNA cluster XIVa. The novel isolates formed a robust phylogenetic group with a number of organisms which included Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus obeum and a number of other misclassified ruminococci. On the basis of these studies, a novel genus, Blautia gen. nov., is proposed. It is suggested that Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus, and Ruminococcus schinkii are transferred to this genus as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov. and Blautia schinkii comb. nov. One of the new isolates, the hitherto unknown coccus-shaped bacterial strain WAL 14507T (=ATCC BAA-1564T=DSM 19850T) is proposed as representing the type strain of a novel species, Blautia wexlerae sp. nov.
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Aquisalibacillus elongatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium of the family Bacillaceae isolated from a saline lake
More LessA novel moderately halophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a saline lake, Lake Shangmatala, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. This bacterium, designated SH4sT, was strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. It grew at salinities of 3–20 % (w/v) NaCl, with an optimum at 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A4β type, based on l-Orn–d-Asp, and the major quinone was a menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a glycolipid and four different unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. In a maximum-parsimony phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain SH4sT was found to belong to the family Bacillaceae and to be most closely related to members of the genera Filobacillus (95.9 % sequence similarity), Piscibacillus (95.7 %) and Tenuibacillus (95.4 %). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed 10 % relatedness (12 %, reciprocally) between strain SH4sT and Filobacillus milosensis DSM 13259T, the sole species of the genus. All of these data show that strain SH4sT represents a novel genus and species in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Aquisalibacillus elongatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aquisalibacillus elongatus is SH4sT (=CCM 7366T =CECT 7149T =DSM 18090T).
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Sediminibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive bacterium from a hypersaline lake
More LessA Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain EN8dT, was isolated from sediment from Lake Erliannor in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Cells were facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and motile and did not display endospore formation. Isolate EN8dT grew in a complex medium supplemented with 0–20 % (w/v) marine salts (optimally at 5–7.5 %, w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain EN8dT was a member of the family Bacillaceae, belonging to a cluster with Thalassobacillus (96.3 % gene sequence similarity) and Halobacillus (95.0–96.0 %), albeit emerging as an independent lineage from members of these two genera. Strain EN8dT contained cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and possessed MK-7 as the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 47.5 mol%. Strain EN8dT could be clearly differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore strain EN8dT is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Sediminibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sediminibacillus halophilus is EN8dT (=CCM 7364T =CECT 7148T =CGMCC 1.6199T =DSM 18088T).
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- Evolution, Phylogeny And Biodiversity
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Phytoplasma phylogenetics based on analysis of secA and 23S rRNA gene sequences for improved resolution of candidate species of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’
More LessPhytoplasma phylogenetics has focused primarily on sequences of the non-coding 16S rRNA gene and the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (16–23S ISR), and primers that enable amplification of these regions from all phytoplasmas by PCR are well established. In this study, primers based on the secA gene have been developed into a semi-nested PCR assay that results in a sequence of the expected size (about 480 bp) from all 34 phytoplasmas examined, including strains representative of 12 16Sr groups. Phylogenetic analysis of secA gene sequences showed similar clustering of phytoplasmas when compared with clusters resolved by similar sequence analyses of a 16–23S ISR–23S rRNA gene contig or of the 16S rRNA gene alone. The main differences between trees were in the branch lengths, which were elongated in the 16–23S ISR–23S rRNA gene tree when compared with the 16S rRNA gene tree and elongated still further in the secA gene tree, despite this being a shorter sequence. The improved resolution in the secA gene-derived phylogenetic tree resulted in the 16SrII group splitting into two distinct clusters, while phytoplasmas associated with coconut lethal yellowing-type diseases split into three distinct groups, thereby supporting past proposals that they represent different candidate species within ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’. The ability to differentiate 16Sr groups and subgroups by virtual RFLP analysis of secA gene sequences suggests that this gene may provide an informative alternative molecular marker for pathogen identification and diagnosis of phytoplasma diseases.
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- Methods
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Complete rpoB gene sequencing as a suitable supplement to DNA–DNA hybridization for bacterial species and genus delineation
More LessDNA–DNA hybridization (DDH), the gold standard for bacterial species delineation, is a laborious method and the alternative, average nucleotide identity (ANI), a genomic sequence-derived parameter, is not applicable to non-sequenced species. A universal cut-off value to delineate bacterial species does not exist, yet a DDH value <70 % and ANI <95±0.5 % have proved useful in selected examples. We herein compare published values for DDH and ANI with sequence similarity of rpoB gene sequences retrieved from GenBank for strains of 230 bacterial species representative of 45 genera. Intraspecific rpoB sequence similarity was 98.2–100 %. We observed that an rpoB gene sequence similarity ≤97.7 % significantly correlated with a DDH value <70 % and an ANI value <94.3 %. An rpoB gene sequence similarity <85.5 % correlated with membership of different genera. When applied to fastidious and as-yet-uncultivated organisms lacking experimental DDH values, these cut-off values suggested that ‘Candidatus Blochmannia pennsylvanicus’ and ‘Candidatus Blochmannia floridarius’ may belong to different genera, that the different endosymbiotic Buchnera aphidicola organisms may belong to different genera and that, while the tsetse fly enteric symbiont Sodalis glossinidius may belong to the Enterobacteriaceae, the endocellular obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia glossinidia from the same host may belong to the group of as-yet-uncultivated gammaproteobacteria. rpoB gene sequence similarity provides an efficient supplement to DDH and ANI measurements to delineate bacterial species and genera, including delineation of as-yet-uncultivated, non-sequenced organisms.
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- Letter To The Editor
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- International Committee On Systematics Of Prokaryotes
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Van Niel International Prize for Studies in Bacterial Systematics, awarded by the University of Queensland
More LessThe Senate of the University of Queensland on the recommendation of the International Committee for Systematics of Prokaryotes is pleased to present the Van Niel International Prize for Studies in Bacterial Systematics for the triennium 2006–2008 to Professor Matthew David Collins in recognition of the contributions made to the field of bacterial systematics. The award, established by Professor V. B. D. Skerman of the University of Queensland, honours the contribution of scholarship in the field of microbiology of Professor Cornelis Bernardus van Niel.
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- Opinions
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The genus name Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 is a later synonym of Ensifer Casida 1982 and is not conserved over the latter genus name, and the species name ‘Sinorhizobium adhaerens’ is not validly published. Opinion 84
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that the genus name Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988 is a later synonym of Ensifer Casida 1982, and that the former genus name is not conserved over the latter genus name. The species name ‘Sinorhizobium adhaerens’ is not validly published.
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The adjectival form of the epithet in Tannerella forsythensis Sakamoto et al. 2002 is to be retained and the name is to be corrected to Tannerella forsythia Sakamoto et al. 2002. Opinion 85
More LessThe Judicial Commission rules that the adjectival form is to be conserved in the specific epithet forsythia in Tannerella forsythia.
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Necessary corrections to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names according to Rule 40d (formerly Rule 46). Opinion 86
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to Rule 40d, formerly Rule 46, of the Bacteriological Code, the authorship of a number of subspecies names included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names must be corrected. These names are Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii, Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. ruminantium, Streptoverticillium fervens subsp. fervens, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula and Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis.
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Corynebacterium ilicis is typified by ICMP 2608 =ICPB CI144, Arthrobacter ilicis is typified by DSM 20138 =ATCC 14264 =NCPPB 1228 and the two are not homotypic synonyms, and clarification of the authorship of these two species. Opinion 87
More LessThe Judicial Commission rules that the name Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961 is represented by the type strain ICMP 2608 =ICPB CI144 and is reported to be a plant-pathogenic species. Arthrobacter ilicis is represented by the type strain DSM 20138 =ATCC 14264 =NCPPB 1228 and is not a homotypic synonym of Corynebacterium ilicis Mandel et al. 1961, and is reported not to be a plant pathogen. The authorship is to be cited as Arthrobacter ilicis Collins et al. 1982 and typification and the description of this species are to be found in Collins et al. (1981) [ Collins, M. D., Jones, D. & Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1981). Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt I Orig C2, 318–323 ].
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- Taxonomic Notes
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Are the concepts of legitimate and illegitimate names necessary under the current International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria? A proposal to make changes to the Code
More LessThe International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (the Code) has retained the concept of legitimate and illegitimate names, despite the fact that the principle underlying valid publication of a name could easily dispense with this concept. Furthermore, changes in wording to the Code are proposed that would help to clarify the issue of names that contravene the Code.
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Proposals to clarify how type strains are deposited and made available to the scientific community for the purpose of systematic research
More LessThe principle of designating type material in codes of nomenclature in support of taxonomic descriptions is an important aspect in linking the names of taxa to the descriptions and the biological material to which they are meant to refer. In the case of species and subspecies type strains, one can examine those strains physically and carry out appropriate experimental work to confirm existing findings or expand on the dataset. As such, the availability of such strains is of central importance in a comparative science. The present article examines a number of issues relating to the availability of this important material and raises a series of points for public debate.
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Should we alter the way that authorship of a subspecies name that is automatically created under Rule 40d of the Bacteriological Code is cited?
More LessRule 40d of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria governs the way subspecies names are to be automatically created if they contain the type of the corresponding species. The way that authorship is to be cited is also covered by this Rule, but in its present form may not be helpful. Due consideration should be given to altering the way such subspecies names are cited.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)