- Volume 66, Issue 8, 2016
Volume 66, Issue 8, 2016
- New taxa
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- Bacteroidetes
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Gelatiniphilus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium from the culture broth of a microalga, Picochlorum sp. 122, and emended description of the genus Hwangdonia
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain GYP-24T, was isolated from the culture broth of a marine microalga, Picochlorum sp. 122. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GYP-24T forms a robust cluster with H.wangdonia seohaensis KCTC 32177T (95.8 % sequence similarity) in the family Flavobacteriaceae . Growth of strain GYP-24T was observed at 15, 22, 28, 30, 33 and 37 °C (optimal 30–33 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimal pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0.5–4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 2–3 %). The only menaquinone of strain GYP-24T was MK-6, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.9 mol%. The major fatty acid profile comprised iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/ω6c), iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids of strain GYP-24T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. Comprehensive analyses based on polyphasic characterization of GYP-24T indicated that it represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Gelatiniphilus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYP-24T (=KCTC 42903T=MCCC 1K01730T). An emended description of the genus Hwangdonia is also given.
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Aureisphaera salina sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from an ascidian
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, pale-yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain A6D-50T, was isolated from an ascidian collected at Kohama Island offshore Okinawa, Japan. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (97.6 %) to Aureisphaera galaxeae 04OKA003-7T. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain A6D-50T and A. galaxeae 04OKA003-7T was 23.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain A6D-50T was 40.8 mol%, MK-6 was the only menaquinone, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C1 6 : 1 ω6c) were the major (>10 %) cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified lipid. From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aureisphaera for which the name Aureisphaera salina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A6D-50T (= KCTC 42975T=NBRC 111827T).
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Prevotella colorans sp. nov., isolated from a human wound
More LessA strain of obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative and non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a human wound and characterized both phenotypically and genotypically. The strain was moderately saccharolytic and proteolytic. Phylogenetic analysis was based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and revealed the strain to represent a member of the genus Prevotella , but to be different from the described species, with the closest relationship to Prevotella bergensis and Prevotella multisaccharivorax. The genomic DNA G+C content was 43.2 mol%. The most abundant cellular long-chain fatty acids were 3-OH iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. In view of phenotypical and biochemical characteristics as well as gene sequencing, strain A1336T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella , for which the name Prevotella colorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A1336T (=DSM 100333T =CCUG 67421T =CCOS 902T).
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Marinirhabdus gelatinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and slightly halophilic bacterium was isolated from the South China Sea, and was subjected to characterization using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate, designated NH83T, were non-motile and rod-shaped. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NH83Twas closely related to members of the genera Aureisphaera (with sequence similarity of 92.9 %), Jejudonia (92.8 %), Marixanthomonas (92.6 %), Altuibacter (92.6 %), Ulvibacter (91.5–91.9 %), Gilvibacter (91.8 %) and Aequorivita (89.6–91.2 %), all of which belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae . Phylogenetic analysis indicated that it represented an independent lineage and its closest relatives belonged to the genus Marixanthomonas . The sole respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, one aminophospholipid and one unidentified lipid. The principal fatty acids were branched fatty acids, including iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.0 mol%. Strain NH83T was positive for hydrolysis of aesculin, gelatin and Tween 60. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic differences, together with differential phenotypic properties, revealed that strain NH83T could be differentiated from closely related genera. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NH83T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Marinirhabdus gelatinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain NH83T=CGMCC 1.15462T=DSM 101478T) is proposed.
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Flavobacterium fulvum sp. nov., Flavobacterium pedocola sp. nov. and Flavobacterium humicola sp. nov., three new members of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from soil
More LessFour Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming, non-motile strains were found in soil, South Korea. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains UCM-R15T and UCM-R21 are most closely related to Flavobacterium enshiense DK69T (97.4–97.5 %, pairwise similarity) while strains UCM-R36T and UCM-46T are most closely related to Flavobacterium suncheonense GH29-5T (97.5 % and 98.3 %, respectively), with all four strains sharing less than 97 % pairwise similarity to the type strain of any other species of the genus Flavobacterium . None of the four strains can reduce/digest nitrate or urea. The only menaquinone detected was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 9 in all the type strains. Phosphatidylethanolamine was found in three strains as the major polar lipid, phosphatidylserine was found in both strains UCM-R15T and UCM-R36T, but not UCM-46T, and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine only occurred in strain UCM-R15T. The genomic DNA G+C content values of strains UCM-R15T, UCM-R21, UCM-R36T and UCM-46T were 35.3–39.0 mol%. Taking into account their physiological and biochemical characteristics, we suggest that three of the strains are novel members of the genus Flavobacterium . We propose the names Flavobacterium fulvum sp. nov. for type strain UCM-R15T (=KACC 18666T=NBRC 111764T), and strain UCM-R21 as an additional strain Flavobacterium pedocola sp. nov. for type strain UCM-R36T (=KACC 18668T=NBRC 111765T), and Flavobacterium humicola sp. nov. for type strain UCM-46T (=KACC 18575T=NBRC 111657T).
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Winogradskyella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, gliding bacterial strain, designated S5-23-3T, was isolated from a sediment sample of the Yellow Sea in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S5-23-3T was related to the genus Winogradskyella and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Winogradskyella arenosi JCM 15527T (97.6 %), Winogradskyella rapida CECT 7392T (97.4 %) and Winogradskyella undariae KCTC 32261T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C1 5 : 1 G, iso-C1 5 : 0 3-OH and iso-C1 7 : 0 3-OH. Strain S5-23-3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, one aminoglycolipid, one aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and seven unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S5-23-3T was 36.1 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain S5-23-3T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella , for which the name Winogradskyella sediminis sp. nov. (type strain S5-23-3T=LMG 28075T=DSM 28134T) is proposed.
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Taibaiella soli sp. nov., isolated from pine forest soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, motile by gliding, non-spore-forming and oval-shaped bacterial strain designated T1-10T was isolated from pine forest soil, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6–7 and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) (optimum, 0 %) NaCl. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain T1-10T was assigned to the genus Taibaiella of the phylum Bacteroidetes , and the most closely related species was Taibaiella koreensis THG-DT86T with 97.11 % sequence similarity, but the strain formed an independent lineage in the phylogenetic tree. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain T1-10T was 42.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in the strain was MK-7, and the major polyamine was homospermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified aminophospholipids. Strain T1-10T could be distinguished from related species by physiological and biochemical properties. Phenotypic and phylogenetic data supported that strain T1-10T represents a novel species of the genus Taibaiella , for which the name Taibaiella soli sp. nov. is proposed (type strain T1-10T=KCTC 42277T=JCM 31014T).
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- Firmicutes and related organisms
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Paenibacillus arachidis sp. nov., isolated from groundnut seeds
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain E3T, was isolated from groundnut seeds. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E3T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus with P aenibacillus thailandensis S3-4AT (96.0 %), Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus 11N27T (95.7 %), Paenibacillus mendelii C/2T (95.7 %) and other members of the genus Paenibacillus (<95.5 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The DNA G+C content of strain E3T was 53 mol%. Strain E3T was positive for gelatin hydrolysis, ammonification, catalase, chitinase production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, HCN production, siderophore production, biofilm formation, and urea and starch hydrolysis. Strain E3T had phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids as polar lipids. Strain E3T had diploptene, deplopterol and bacteriohopaneterol as major hopanoids. anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant cellular fatty acid with significant proportions of iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C14 : 0. Strain E3T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analysis, strain E3T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus arachidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E3T (=KCTC 33574T=LMG 28417T).
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Descriptions of Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. nov. and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste and reclassification of Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium jejuense and Clostridium xylanovorans as Anaerocolumna species
More LessStrictly anaerobic bacterial strains (FH052T and SN021T) belonging to clostridial cluster XIVa were isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-positive, slender or curved rods producing terminal spores. The strains were slightly alkaliphilic. They fermented various carbohydrates including xylan and produced acetate, ethanol and H2. Strain SN021T decomposed cellulose. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 47.2 mol% for strain FH052T and 38.1 mol% for strain SN021T. The two strains had common cellular fatty acids such as C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethylacetal and C18 : 1 ω7c dimethylacetal as major components. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 94.3 % and they shared closely related species such as Clostridium jejuense , Clostridium xylanovorans and Clostridium aminovalericum (92.6–95.7 % sequence similarity). Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two isolates should be assigned to novel genera other than the genus Clostridium , and thus the genera Anaerotaenia gen. nov. and Anaerocolumna gen. nov. in the family Lachnospiraceae were proposed to accommodate them as Anaerotaenia torta gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain FH052T (=JCM 30820T=DSM 100431T) and Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain SN021T (=JCM 30819T=DSM 100423T). For the three related Clostridium species, Anaerocolumna aminovalerica DSM 1283T (=JCM 11016T=ATCC 13725T) comb. nov., Anaerocolumna jejuensis HY-35-12T (=DSM 15929T=KCTC 5026T) comb. nov. and Anaerocolumna xylanovoransstrain HESP1T (=DSM 12503T=JCM 31057T) comb. nov. are proposed with emended descriptions of these species.
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Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station
A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7–8. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus , and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus , for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T).
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Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov., a black-pigment-producing strain
Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) and Bacillus axarquiensis (99.7 %). In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5–10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0–8.0). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (21.9 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. A draft genome of both strains was completed. The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . DNA–DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA–DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T).
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Ammoniphilus resinae sp. nov., an endospore-forming bacterium isolated from resin fragments
More LessA polyphasic approach was used to characterize an endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain CC-RT-ET, isolated from resin fragments. Strain CC-RT-ET was Gram-stain-variable and facultatively anaerobic, able to grow at 20–37 °C (optimal 30 °C) and pH6.0–9.0 (optimal pH 7.0). Ellipsoidal and terminal endospores were observed. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-RT-ET showed highest sequence similarity to Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST (97.8 %) and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T (97.7 %). According to the DNA–DNA hybridization, the relatedness values of strain CC-RT-ET with Ammoniphilus oxalivorans RAOx-FST and Ammoniphilus oxalaticus RAOx-1T were 21 % and 29 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.2 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polyamine pattern showed predominance of sym-homospermidine and putrescine. The major fatty acids found in strain CC-RT-ET were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-RT-ET is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ammoniphilus , for which the name Ammoniphilus resinaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-RT-ET (=BCRC 80314T=DSM 24738T).
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Desulfotomaculum ferrireducens sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic sulfate-reducing and dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium isolated from compost
More LessA novel dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, designated strain GSS09T, was isolated from a compost sample by using a solid medium containing acetate and ferrihydrite as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively. Cells of strain GSS09T were anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 30–55 °C (optimum 50 °C), at pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). Both sulfur compounds such as sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate and Fe(III) oxides such as ferrihydrite could be utilized as electron acceptors. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GSS09T was related closely to Desulfotomaculum hydrothermale Lam5T (94.5 % sequence similarity). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.1 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characterization and physiological tests, strain GSS09T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Desulfotomaculum, for which the name Desulfotomaculum ferrireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GSS09T (=KCTC 15523T=MCCC 1K01254T).
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Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, lactate-producing member of the family Ruminococcaceae isolated from human faeces
Two novel strains of Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the faeces of healthy human subjects. The strains, designated as 585-1T and 668, were characterized by mesophilic fermentative metabolism, production of d-lactic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid as end products of d-glucose fermentation, prevalence of C18 : 1 ω9, C18 : 1 ω9 aldehyde, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c fatty acids, presence of glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, alanine and aspartic acid in the petidoglycan peptide moiety and lack of respiratory quinones. Whole genome sequencing revealed the DNA G+C content was 56.4–56.6 mol%. The complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains shared 91.7/91.6 % similarity with Anaerofilum pentosovorans FaeT, 91.3/91.2 % with Gemmiger formicilis ATCC 27749T and 88.9/88.8 % with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ATCC 27768T. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and genomic properties it was concluded that the strains represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae , for which the name Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans is 585-1T (=DSM 100348T=VKM B-2901T).
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Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov., isolated from litter of a geyser
A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus , but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov. is thus proposed. The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T).
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Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessA novel bacterial strain, designated as LNUB461T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the countryside of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobiotic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. The organism grew optimally at 30–33 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high sequence similarity with Paenibacillus algorifonticola XJ259T (98.5 %), Paenibacillus xinjiangensis B538T (96.8 %), Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1T (96.1 %) and Paenibacillus lupini RLAHU15T (96.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acid and the only menaquinone were anteiso-C15:0 and MK-7, respectively. The main polar lipids of LNUB461T included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and two unknown amino phospholipids (APL), and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). The DNA G+C content of LNUB461T was 49.1 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between LNUB461T and the most closely related species ( P. algorifonticola ) was 41.8 %. On the basis of these data, LNUB461T was classified as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus liaoningensis sp. nov was proposed. The type strain is LNUB461T (=JCM 30712T=CGMCC 1.15101T).
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Tepidibacillus infernus sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic, selenate- and arsenate-respiring hydrolytic bacterium isolated from a gold mine, and emended description of the genus Tepidibacillus
A novel aerotolerant anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, organotrophic bacterium, strain MBL-TLPT, was isolated from a sample of microbial mat, developed under the flow of subsurface water in TauTona gold mine, South Africa. Cells of the new isolate were flagellated, spore-forming rods, 0.25–0.5 µm in width and 3–15 µm in length. Strain MBL-TLPT grew in the temperature range from 25 to 58 °C, pH range from 5.6 to 8.8 and at NaCl concentration from 0 to 85 g l−1. The isolate was able to ferment yeast extract and mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including starch and xanthan gum. The G+C content of the DNA was 35 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain MBL-TLPT and relatives showed its affiliation to the genus Tepidibacillus . Tepidibacillus fermentans STGHT was its closest relative (97.1 % identity of 16S rRNA gene sequences). Based on phylogenetic analysis and the physiological properties of the novel isolate, we propose a novel species, Tepidibacillus infernus sp. nov., with MBL-TLPT(=DSM 28123T=VKM В-2949T) as the type strain.
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- other bacteria
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Aliterella atlantica gen. nov., sp. nov., and Aliterella antarctica sp. nov., novel members of coccoid Cyanobacteria
Two C yanobacteria isolated from South Atlantic Ocean continental shelf deep water and from a marine green algae inhabiting the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica were investigated based on morphological and ultrastructural traits, phylogeny of 16S rRNA gene sequences, secondary structure of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer regions and phylogenomic analyses. The majority of these evaluations demonstrated that both strains differ from the genera of cyanobacteria with validly published names and, therefore, supported the description of the novel genus as Aliterella gen. nov. The identity and phylogeny of 16S rRNA gene sequences, together with the secondary structure of D1D1′ and BoxB intergenic regions, further supported the two strains representing distinct species: Aliterella atlantica gen. nov., sp. nov. (type SP469036, strain CENA595T) and Aliterella antarctica sp. nov. (type SP469035, strain CENA408T). The phylogenomic analysis of A. atlantica sp. nov. CENA595T, based on 21 protein sequences, revealed that this genus belongs to the cyanobacterial order Chroococcidiopsidales. The isolation and cultivation of two geographically distant unicellular members of a novel cyanobacterial genus and the sequenced genome of the type strain bring new insights into the current classification of the coccoid group, and into the reconstruction of their evolutionary history.
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The first representative of the globally widespread subdivision 6 Acidobacteria, Vicinamibacter silvestris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from subtropical savannah soil
Members of the phylum Acidobacteria are abundant in a wide variety of soil environments. Despite this, previous cultivation attempts have frequently failed to retrieve representative phylotypes of Acidobacteria , which have, therefore, been discovered by culture-independent methods (13175 acidobacterial sequences in the SILVA database version 123; NR99) and only 47 species have been described so far. Strain Ac_5_C6T represents the first isolate of the globally widespread and abundant subdivision 6 Acidobacteria and is described in the present study. Cells of strain Ac_5_C6T were Gram-stain-negative, immotile rods that divided by binary fission. They formed yellow, extremely cohesive colonies and stable aggregates even in rapidly shaken liquid cultures. Ac_5_C6T was tolerant of a wide range of temperatures (12–40 °C) and pH values (4.7–9.0). It grew chemoorganoheterotrophically on a broad range of substrates including different sugars, organic acids, nucleic acids and complex proteinaceous compounds. The major fatty acids of Ac_5_C6T were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c, C18 : 1 ω7c and iso-C15 : 0. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 were also detected. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified glycolipid were identified as polar lipids. The major quinone was MK-8. The DNA G+C content of Ac_5_C6T was 65.9 mol%. With 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 83–84 %, the closest described relatives were Acidicapsa borealis KA1T, Acidobacterium capsulatum 161T, Granulicella pectinovorans TPB6011T, Occallatibacter riparius 277T and Paludibaculum fermentans P105T. According to the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, the novel genus Vicinamibacter gen. nov., and the novel species, Vicinamibacter silvestris sp. nov. (type strain Ac_5_C6T = DSM 29464T = LMG 29035T) are proposed.
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Cephaloticoccus gen. nov., a new genus of ‘Verrucomicrobia’ containing two novel species isolated from Cephalotes ant guts
More LessTwo novel members of the bacterial phylum ‘ Verrucomicrobia ’, strains CAG34T and CV41T, were isolated from the guts of Cephalotes rohweri and Cephalotes varians ants, respectively. Strains CAG34T and CV41T were coccoid, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, and formed cream-coloured colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 12–20 % O2 and 1 % CO2 for both strains, although strain CV41T could not grow without supplemental CO2. Growth was possible under NaCl concentrations of 0.5–1.5 % (w/v) and temperatures of 23–37 °C for both strains, and pH values of 6.9–7.7 for strain CAG34T and 6.9–7.3 for strain CV41T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.7 mol% for strain CAG34T and 60.5 mol% for strain CV41T. The major fatty acids for both strains were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, and C16 : 1 ω5c. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the closest cultivated relative for both strains was the type strain of Opitutus terrae (91.8 % similarity). Hence, strains CAG34T and CV41T are considered to represent a new genus within the ‘ Verrucomicrobia' family Opitutaceae , for which we propose the name Cephaloticoccus gen. nov. Given that strains CAG34T and CV41T share 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and are physiologically distinct, we propose to classify the isolates as representing two novel species, Cephaloticoccus primus sp. nov. for strain CAG34T (=NCIMB 15004T =ATCC TSD-38T) and Cephaloticoccus capnophilus sp. nov. for strain CV41T (=NCIMB 15005T =ATCC TSD-39T =DSM 100879T).
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