- Volume 66, Issue 8, 2016
Volume 66, Issue 8, 2016
- New taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Actibacterium ureilyticum sp. nov., isolated from seawater
A polyphasic approach was used to characterize a novel marine bacterial strain, designated LS-811T, isolated from seawater of the South China Sea (Taiwan). Cells of strain LS-811Twere Gram-staining negative, aerobic and rod-shaped with polar flagella. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain LS-811T showed highest sequence similarity to Actibacterium mucosum (96.5 %) and Actibacterium atlanticum (95.6 %), and lower sequence similarity (<96.0 %) to members of all other related genera. Strain LS-811Twas able to grow at 15–40 °C and pH 5.0–9.0. The quinone system was ubiquinone (Q-10), and the DNA G+C content was 60.1 mol%. The major fatty acids (>5 %) found in strain LS-811T were C18 : 0, C10 : 0 3-OH, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c. The major polar lipid profile consisted of glycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits together with results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain LS-811T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Actibacterium , for which the name Actibacterium ureilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LS-811T (=BCRC 80823T=JCM 30681T).
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Reclassification of Enterobacter oryziphilus and Enterobacter oryzendophyticus as Kosakonia oryziphila comb. nov. and Kosakonia oryzendophytica comb. nov.
More LessThe taxonomic positions of Enterobacter oryziphilus and Enterobacter oryzendophyticus were re-examined on the basis of concatenated partial rpoB, atpD, gyrB and infB gene sequence analysis. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based upon concatenated partial rpoB, atpD, gyrB and infB gene sequences clearly showed that E . oryziphilus and E . oryzendophyticus and all defined species of the genus Kosakonia form a clade separate from other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae , and, therefore, these species of the genus Enterobacter should be transferred to the genus K osakonia . E . oryziphilus and E . oryzendophyticus are reclassified as K. oryziphila comb. nov. (type strain REICA_142T=LMG 26429T=NCCB 100393T) and K. oryzendophytica comb. nov. (type strain REICA_082T=LMG 26432T=NCCB 100390T), respectively.
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Undibacterium arcticum sp. nov., isolated from arctic alpine soil
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium, designated 6-67T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Its taxonomic position was investigated by genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses. This isolate grew at 4–28 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–0.2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain 6-67T contained Q-8 as a major respiratory quinone and MK-7 as a minor component; the major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The polyamines were putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain 6-67T belonged to the family Oxalobacteraceae within the class Betaproteobacteria . The DNA G+C content of strain 6-67T was 56.21 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain 6-67T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Undibacterium , for which the name Undibacterium arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 6-67T (=CCTCC AB 2015162T=KCTC 42986T).
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Ideonella sakaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a microbial consortium that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate)
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designed strain 201-F6T, was isolated from a microbial consortium that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) collected in Sakai city, Japan, and was characterized on the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic study. The cells were motile with a polar flagellum. The strain contained cytochrome oxidase and catalase. It grew within the pH range 5.5–9.0 (optimally at pH 7–7.5) and at 15–42 ºC (optimally at 30–37 ºC). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8). C16 : 0, C1 7 : 0 cyclo, C18 :1ω7c and C12 : 0 2-OH were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 201-F6T was affiliated to the genus Ideonella , and was closely related to Ideonella dechloratans LMG 28178T (97.7 %) and Ideonella azotifigens JCM 15503T (96.6 %). Strain 201-F6T could be clearly distinguished from the related species of the genus Ideonella by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as by its phylogenetic position and DNA–DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Ideonella , for which the name Ideonella sakaiensis sp. nov. (type strain 201-F6T=NBRC 110686T=TISTR 2288T) is proposed.
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Pseudorhodobacter sinensis sp. nov. and Pseudorhodobacter aquaticus sp. nov., isolated from crater lakes
More LessThree Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, Y1R2-4T, Y3R2-3 and DC2N1-10T, isolated from two crater lakes of the Daxinganling Mountains, northern China, were studied to determine their taxonomic position. They grew at 4–30 °C (optimally at 20–25 °C), at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimally at pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains showed 95.3–96.6 % similarity to members of the genus Pseudorhodobacter , including Pseudorhodobacter ferrugineus DSM 5888T, Pseudorhodobacter wandonensis WT-MW11T, Pseudorhodobacter antarcticus ZS3-33T and Pseudorhodobacter aquimaris HDW-19T. All strains contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The main polar lipids for strains Y1R2-4T and Y3R2-3 were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids, and those for strain DC2N1-10T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and several unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains Y1R2-4T, Y3R2-3 and DC2N1-10T were 61.9, 61.0 and 60.0 mol%, respectively. In addition, strain Y1R2-4T shared less than 50 % DNA–DNA relatedness to strain DC2N1-10T. Based on these differences in genetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties, strains Y1R2-4T, Y3R2-3 and DC2N1-10T were considered to represent two novel species of the genus Pseudorhodobacter , for which the names Pseudorhodobacter sinensis sp. nov. (type strain Y1R2-4T=CGMCC1.14435T=KCTC 52039T) and Pseudorhodobacter aquaticus sp. nov. (type strain DC2N1-10T=CGMCC1.14433T=KCTC 52040T) are proposed.
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Chenggangzhangella methanolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Methylocystaceae, transfer of Methylopila helvetica Doronina et al. 2000 to Albibacter helveticus comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Albibacter
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterial strain, designated CHL1T, was isolated from a sludge sample collected from a sewage treatment tank of an agricultural chemical factory. The strain grew at salinities of 0.5–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5 %). Growth occurred at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 5–40 °C (optimum 28–30 °C). The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 70.4 mol%. Q-10 was detected as the respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CHL1T formed a distinct clade with Albibacter methylovorans DSM 22840T and Methylopila helvetica DM9T within the family Methylocystaceae . On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, the strain merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of a new genus within the family Methylocystaceae , for which the name Chenggangzhangella methanolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is CHL1T (=KCTC 42661T=CCTCC AB 2015175T). In addition, the species Methylopila helvetica Doronina et al. (2000) is proposed to be transferred to the genus Albibacter as Albibacterhelveticus comb. nov. (type strain DM9T=CIP 106788=VKM B-2189) on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis. An emended description of the genus Albibacter is also provided.
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Dickeya fangzhongdai sp. nov., a plant-pathogenic bacterium isolated from pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Gram-stain-negative, pectinolytic bacteria were repeatedly isolated from pear trees displaying symptoms of bleeding canker in China. Three strains, JS5T, LN1 and QZH3, had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences that shared 99 % similarity to the type strain of Dickeya dadantii . Phylogenetic analysis of strains JS5T, LN1 and QZH3 with isolates representing all species of the genus Dickeya and related Pectobacterium species supported their affiliation to Dickeya . Multi-locus sequence typing employing concatenated sequences encoding recA, fusA, gapA, purA, rplB, dnaX and the intergenic spacer illustrated a phylogeny which placed strains JS5T, LN1 and QZH3 as a distinct clade, separate from all other species of the genus Dickeya . Average nucleotide identity values obtained in comparison with all species of the genus Dickeya supported the distinctiveness of strain JS5T within the genus Dickeya . Additionally, all three strains were phenotypically distinguished from other species of the genus Dickeya by failing to hydrolyse casein, and by producing acids from (−)-d-arabinose, (+)melibiose, (+)raffinose, mannitol and myo-inositol, but not from 5-keto-d-gluconate or β-gentiobiose. The name Dickeya fangzhongdai sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains; the type strain is JS5T (=CGMCC 1.15464T=DSM 101947T).
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Transfer of eleven species of the genus Burkholderia to the genus Paraburkholderia and proposal of Caballeronia gen. nov. to accommodate twelve species of the genera Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia
More LessIt has been proposed to split the genus Burkholderia into two genera according to phylogenetic clustering: (1) a genus retaining this name and consisting mainly of animal and plant pathogens and (2) the genus Paraburkholderia including so-called environmental bacteria. The latter genus name has been validly published recently. During the period between the effective and valid publications of the genus name Paraburkholderia , 16 novel species of the genus Burkholderiawere described, but only two of them can be classified as members of this genus based on the emended genus description. Analysis of traits and phylogenetic positions of the other 11 species shows that they belong to the genus Paraburkholderia , and we propose to transfer them to this genus. The reclassified species names are proposed as Paraburkholderia dipogonis comb. nov., Paraburkholderia ginsengiterrae comb. nov., Paraburkholderia humisilvae comb. nov., Paraburkholderia insulsa comb. nov., Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis comb. nov., Paraburkholderia metalliresistens comb. nov., Paraburkholderia monticola comb. nov., Paraburkholderia panaciterrae comb. nov., Paraburkholderia rhizosphaerae comb. nov., Paraburkholderia solisilvae comb. nov. and Paraburkholderia susongensis comb. nov. The remaining three species are transferred to the new genus Caballeronia gen. nov. proposed to accommodate twelve species of the genera Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia forming a distinctive clade in phylogenetic trees. The new genus members are Caballeronia choica comb. nov., Caballeronia cordobensis comb. nov., Caballeronia glathei comb. nov., Caballeronia grimmiae comb. nov., Caballeronia humi comb. nov., Caballeronia megalochromosomata comb. nov., Caballeronia jiangsuensis comb. nov., Caballeronia sordidicola comb. nov., Caballeronia telluris comb. nov., Caballeronia terrestris comb. nov., Caballeronia udeis comb. nov., and Caballeronia zhejiangensis comb. nov.
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Sphingomonas faucium sp. nov., isolated from canyon soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain E62-3T, was isolated from soil of Enshi Grand Canyon, Hubei province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain E62-3T was most closely related to Sphingomonas laterariae LNB2T. Strain E62-3T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sphingosinicella vermicomposti YC7378T (96.0 %), Sphingobium xanthum NL9T (95.8 %), Sphingobium boeckii 469T (95.7 %) and Sphingomonas laterariae LNB2T (95.5 %) within the family Sphingomonadaceae . The major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain E62-3T were C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C14 : 0 2-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone and polyamine were ubiquinone Q-10 and homospermidine, respectively. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.4 mol%. The genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data revealed that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas faucium sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E62-3T (=KCTC 42834T=CCTCC AB 2015300T).
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Ventosimonas gracilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Gammaproteobacteria isolated from Cephalotes varians ant guts representing a new family, Ventosimonadaceae fam. nov., within the order ‘Pseudomonadales’
More LessCephalotes ‘turtle’ ants are known to harbor a core group of gut symbionts, including members belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria . Here, we describe the cultivation and characterization of strain CV58T, a novel member of the Gammaproteobacteria order Pseudomonadales isolated from the guts of the ant Cephalotes varians. Strain CV58T was rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and formed pale-yellow colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 4–20 % (v/v) O2. Growth was possible for strain CV58Tat NaCl concentrations of 0–1.5 % (w/v), temperatures of 23–40 °C, and pH values of 5.5–8.5. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54.9 mol% and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C12 : 0 and C12 : 03OH. The only respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone–9 (Q–9) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain CV58T shared an 88.3 % nucleotide identity with its closest cultivated neighbor, Pseudomonas putida R43. We believe that this, combined with the housekeeping gene phylogeny, differences in phenotypic characteristics and cellular fatty acid compositions of other cultivated members indicates that strain CV58T represents a novel species occupying a novel genus and family within the order Pseudomonadales . Thus, we propose the name Ventosimonadaceae fam nov., followed by Ventosimonas gracilis gen. nov., sp. nov., to classify strain CV58T (=NCIMB 15011T =DSM 100910T).
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Helicobacter apri sp. nov., isolated from wild boars
Three isolates (A19T, C21 and F12) with spiral-shaped cells and one bipolar sheathed flagellum were obtained from gastric mucosa and caecal contents of three different wild boars (Sus scrofa) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. A genus-specific PCR showed that these isolates belonged to the genus Helicobacter . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, 60-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP60) and atpA genes demonstrated they formed a novel lineage within this genus. Pairwise 16S rRNA, HSP60 and atpA gene sequence comparisons of the three isolates revealed 99.7, 99.4 and 99.9 % similarity, respectively, among the three isolates; the 16S rRNA gene of isolate A19T shared 98.5 % sequence similarity with its nearest validly named neighbouring species, Helicobacter mastomyrinus (to the type strain MIT 97-5577T). The taxonomic uniqueness of the wild boar isolates was confirmed by protein analysis performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS and by a distinctive biochemical profile. These data indicated that isolates A19T, C21 and F12 represent a novel taxon, for which the name Helicobacter apri sp. nov. is proposed, with isolate A19T (=DSM 28990T=LMG 28471T) as the type strain.
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Reclassification of four Polynucleobacter necessarius strains as representatives of Polynucleobacter asymbioticus comb. nov., Polynucleobacter duraquae sp. nov., Polynucleobacter yangtzensis sp. nov. and Polynucleobacter sinensis sp. nov., and emended description of Polynucleobacter necessarius
More LessGenome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of four strains currently classified as Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus resulted in ANI values of 75.7–78.4 %, suggesting that each of those strains represents a separate species. The species P . necessarius was proposed by Heckmann and Schmidt in 1987 to accommodate obligate endosymbionts of ciliates affiliated with the genus Euplotes. The required revision of this species is, however, hampered by the fact, that this species is based only on a description and lacks a type strain available as pure culture. Furthermore, the ciliate culture Euplotes aediculatus ATCC 30859, on which the description of the species was based, is no longer available. We found another Euplotes aediculatus culture (Ammermann) sharing the same origin with ATCC 30859 and proved the identity of the endosymbionts contained in the two cultures. A multilocus sequence comparison approach was used to estimate if the four strains currently classified as Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus share ANI values with the endosymbiont in the Ammermann culture above or below the threshold for species demarcation. A significant correlation (R2 0.98, P<0.0001) between multilocus sequence similarity and ANI values of genome-sequenced strains enabled the prediction that it is highly unlikely that these four strains belong to the species P . necessarius . We propose reclassification of strains QLW-P1DMWA-1T (=DSM 18221T=CIP 109841T), MWH-MoK4T (=DSM 21495T=CIP 110977T), MWH-JaK3T (=DSM 21493T=CIP 110976T) and MWH-HuW1T (=DSM 21492T=CIP 110978T) as Polynucleobacter asymbioticus comb. nov., Polynucleobacter duraquae sp. nov., Polynucleobacter yangtzensis sp. nov. and Polynucleobacter sinensis sp. nov., respectively.
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Shewanella gelidii sp. nov., isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii, and emended description of Shewanella waksmanii
A novel Gram-stain-negative, straight or slightly curved rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium with a single polar flagellum, designated RZB5-4T, was isolated from a sample of the red algae Gelidium amansii collected from the coastal region of Rizhao, PR China (119.625° E 35.517° N). The organism grew optimally between 24 and 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain required seawater or artificial seawater for growth, and NaCl alone did not support growth. Strain RZB5-4T contained C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acids. The respiratory quinones detected in strain RZB5-4T were ubiquinone 7, ubiquinone 8, menaquinone 7 and methylmenaquinone 7. The polar lipids of strain RZB5-4T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RZB5-4T was 47 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrase B (gyrB) gene sequences showed that strain RZB5-4T belonged to the genus Shewanella , clustering with Shewanella waksmanii ATCC BAA-643T. Strain RZB5-4T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (96.6 %) and the highest gyrB gene sequence similarity value (80.7 %), respectively, to S. waksmanii ATCC BAA-643T. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, strain RZB5-4T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella gelidii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RZB5-4T (=JCM 30804T=KCTC 42663T=MCCC 1K00697T).
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Grimontia celer sp. nov., from sea water
Strain 96-237T, a Gram-reaction-negative, curved- to spiral-shaped motile bacterium, isolated from coastal marine water, was found to be related to species of the genus Grimontia by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, sharing 98.3 % similarity to Grimontia marina CECT 8713Tand 98.8 % to ‘Grimontiaindica’ AK16. Phenotypic analysis revealed that strain 96-237T is slightly halophilic, mesophilic and facultatively anaerobic, fermenting d-glucose, d-ribose, d-mannose, d-mannitol, maltose and sucrose. It was positive for oxidase and indole production and negative for arginine dihydrolase and lysine and ornithine decarboxylases. Its major fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c (SF3), C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. Its DNA G+C content was 48.4 mol%. The strain was different at the species level from all other species of the genus Grimontia , with average nucleotide identity indices of 79.6 % to Grimontia. hollisae CECT 8713T, 87.8 % to G. marina CECT 5069T and 89.1 % to ‘ G. indica ’ AK16 genomes. Thus, the strain represents a novel species for which we propose the name Grimontia celer and 96-237T (=CECT 9029T =KCTC 42960T =LMG 29238T) as the type strain.
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Ensifer glycinis sp. nov., a rhizobial species associated with species of the genus Glycine
More LessRhizobial strains from root nodules of Astragalus mongholicus and soybean (Glycine max) were characterized phylogenetically as members of the genus Ensifer (formerly named Sinorhizobium ), based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. Results based upon concatenated sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes (recA, atpD and glnII, ≤ 93.8 % similarities to known species) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of whole genome sequence comparisons (ranging from 89.6 % to 83.4 % to Ensifer fredii and Ensifer saheli , respectively) indicated the distinct positions of these novel strains within the genus Ensifer . Phylogeny of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH) of three novel strains clustered them with rhizobial species Ensifer fredii and Ensifer sojae , both isolated from nodules of Glycine max. Cross-nodulation tests showed that the representative strain CCBAU 23380T could form root nodules with nitrogen fixation capability on Glycine soja, Albizia julibrissin, Vigna unguiculata and Cajanus cajan, but failed to nodulate Astragalus mongholicus, its original host legume. Strain CCBAU 23380T formed inefficient nodules on G. max, and it did not contain 18 : 0, 18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl or summed feature 1 fatty acids, which differed from other related strains. Failure to utilize malonic acid as a carbon source distinguished strain CCBAU 23380T from the type strains of related species. The genome size of CCBAU 23380T was 6.0 Mbp, comprising 5624 predicted genes with DNA G+C content of 62.4 mol%. Based on the results above, a novel species, Ensifer glycinis sp. nov., is proposed, with CCBAU 23380T (=LMG 29231T =HAMBI 3645T) as the type strain.
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Larsenimonas suaedae sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, endophytic bacterium isolated from the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa
More LessA moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming endophytic bacterium designated strain ST307T was isolated from the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa in Dongying, China. Strain ST307T was aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and orange–yellow-pigmented. The organism grew at NaCl concentrations of 0.6–20 % (w/v) (optimum 5–6 %, w/v), at temperatures of 5–45 °C (optimum 35 °C) and at pH 5–9 (optimum pH 7–8). It accumulated poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid and produced exopolysaccharides. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c. The predominant lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-9. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, a glycoaminolipid and a phosphoglycoaminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 60.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenated atpA, rpoD and secA gene sequences revealed that the strain represents a member of the genus Larsenimonas . The closest related type strain was Larsenimonas salina M1-18T. Mean DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain ST307T and the related species L. salina M1-18T, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii DSM 7218T, C. canadensis DSM 6769T, C. israelensis DSM 6768T, C. marismortui CGMCC 1.2321T, C. nigrandesensis DSM 14323T, C. salexigens DSM 3043T and C. sarecensis DSM 15547T were 15±2−45±1 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain ST307T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Larsenimonas . The name Larsenimonas suaedae sp. nov. is proposed, with ST307T (=CGMCC 1.8902T=DSM 22428T) as the type strain.
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Rhodobacter sediminis sp. nov., isolated from lagoon sediments
More LessTwo Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped phototrophic bacteria (designated strains N1T and C7) were isolated from lagoon sediments. Both strains were positive for catalase and oxidase activity. Casein, starch, urea and Tween 20 were hydrolysed by both strains while chitin, gelatin and Tween 80 were not. In both strains, C16 : 0, C18 : 0,C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω6c/ C18 : 1ω7c were the predominant fatty acids, with minor amounts of C8 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C14 : 0, C17 : 0, C14 : 1ω5c, C17 : 1 10-methyl and C18 : 1ω5c. Strains N1T and C7 contained phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids with minor amounts of phosphatidylcholine, unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The mean genomic DNA G+C content was 70.6±1 mol% and the two strains were closely related (mean DNA–DNA hybridization >90 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodobacter belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strain N1T has a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2 % with Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 11166T, 99.1 % with Rhodobacter viridis JA737T and <96.6 % with other members of the genus Rhodobacter . Strain N1T and C7 shared 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA– DNA hybridization values between strain N1T and the type strains of the nearest species were clearly below the 70 % threshold. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain N1T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter , for which the name Rhodobacter sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N1T (=KEMB 563-471T=JCM 31175T), and strain C7 is an additional strain of the species.
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Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GHD-30T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain GHD-30T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GHD-30Trepresented a member of the genus Paracoccus . Strain GHD-30T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.10–97.33 % to the type strains of Paracoccus lutimaris , Paracoccus limosus and Paracoccus halophilus and of 94.35–96.97 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Paracoccus. Strain GHD-30T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain GHD-30T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GHD-30T was 62.0 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. lutimaris, P. limosus , and P. halophilus were 11–19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GHD-30T is separated from recognized species of the genus Paracoccus. On the basis of the data presented, strain GHD-30T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus , for which the name Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GHD-30T (=KCTC 52214T =NBRC 111993T).
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Seohaeicola zhoushanensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater
A novel, Gram-stain-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain NF48T, was isolated from surface seawater around Zhoushan Islands. Cells were rod-shaped (1.1–3.9×0.5–0.9 µm). Strain NF48T was able to grow at 10–40 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum 6.5–8.0) and with 0.5–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.0 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 65.5 mol%. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the main isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids of strain NF48T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NF48T belonged to the genus Seohaeicola with similarity values of 95.5–97.2 % to members of this genus, and was most closely related to Seohaeicola nanhaiensis SS011A0-7#2-2T (97.2 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain NF48T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Seohaeicola , for which the name Seohaeicola zhoushanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NF48T (=MCCC 1K01157T=KCTC 42650T).
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Paraphotobacterium marinum gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Vibrionaceae, isolated from surface seawater
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium, named strain NSCS20N07DT, was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. Cells of this strain contained poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules. Growth was observed at 15–35 °C with optimum of 30 °C, at a salinity range of 1–6 % (w/v) NaCl with optimum of 3 % and at pH 5–8 with optimum of pH 5. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NSCS20N07DT showed highest similarity to Photobacterium iliopiscarium ATCC 51760T of 96.0 %, followed by Photobacterium kishitanii pjapo.1.1T, Photobacterium phosphoreum ATCC 11040T and Photobacterium aquimaris LC2-065T of 96.0, 95.8 and 95.7 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain NSCS20N07DT formed a separate clade distinct from species of the genus Photobacterium and other genera within the family Vibrionaceae , indicating that strain NSCS20N07DT represented a novel genus affiliated with this family. The genome size of strain NSCS20N07DT was 2.5 Mb, which was much smaller than those of related species in the family Vibrionaceae . The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C18 : 0 and summed feature 2 (C14 : 0 3-OH/iso-C16 : 1 I). The respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 30.7 mol%. Combined, these results suggest that strain NSCS20N07DT represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Paraphotobacterium marinum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Paraphotobacterium marinum is NSCS20N07DT (=KCTC 52126T=MCCC 1A01886T=CIP 111031T).
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