- Volume 63, Issue Pt_10, 2013
Volume 63, Issue Pt_10, 2013
- New Taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Roseovarius lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a marine tidal flat
More LessA novel Gram-staining-negative, moderately halophilic and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain 112T, was isolated from a tidal flat at Taean, Korea. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive ovoids to rods and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. Optimum growth of strain 112T was observed at 30 °C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 2–4 % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 and Q-10 was detected as the predominant ubiquinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 112T was 58.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 112T formed a phyletic lineage within the genus Roseovarius of the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strain 112T was most closely related to Roseovarius mucosus DFL-24T, with 96.52 % similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain 112T represents a novel species of the genus Roseovarius , for which the name Roseovarius lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 112T ( = KACC 16185T = JCM 17743T).
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Falsochrobactrum ovis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a sheep
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium (B1315T) was isolated from the placenta of a sheep with abortion. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses the strain was assigned to the Brucella – Ochrobactrum – Paenochrobactrum – Pseudochrobactrum group with 94.5–94.8 %, 94.3–96.1 %, 95.0–95.1 %, and 95.9–96.1 % sequence similarities to type strains of species of the four genera, respectively. Phylogenetic trees indicated a close relationship to the type strains of Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis and Ochrobactrum oryzae (95.9 and 96.1 % sequence similarity, respectively). Chemotaxonomic data confirmed the allocation of strain B1315T to the family Brucellaceae (quinone system: ubiquinone Q-10 and major fatty acids: C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c). The polar lipid profile contained the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and the unidentified but unique phospholipid PL7. The polyamine pattern of strain B1315T contained the major polyamines spermidine and putrescine. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene and recA sequence phylogeny and chemotaxonomic data strain B1315T was clearly different from the genera Brucella , Ochrobactrum , Paenochrobactrum and Pseudochrobactrum . On the basis of these data we propose the novel genus Falsochrobactrum gen. nov. with the type species Falsochrobactrum ovis sp. nov. with the type strain B1315T ( = CCM 8460T = LMG 27356T.) The taxonomic allocation of O. gallinifaecis , which grouped inconsistently together with strain B1315T on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data, but shows the chemotaxonomic features of the genus Ochrobactrum , remains to be clarified.
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Sphingomonas kyungheensis sp. nov., a bacterium with ginsenoside-converting activity isolated from soil of a ginseng field
A bacterial strain THG-B283T, which has β-glucosidase activity, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, motile with one polar flagellum and rod-shaped. The strain was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain THG-B283T grew optimally at around pH 7.0, at 25–28 °C and in the absence of NaCl on R2A agar. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain THG-B283T belongs to the family Sphingomonadaceae and is closely related to Sphingomonas melonis DAPP-PG 224T (98.2 %), S. aquatilis JSS7T (98.1 %), S. insulae DS-28T (97.6 %), S. mali IFO 15500T (97.1 %) and S. pruni IFO 15498T (97.0 %). Strain THG-B283T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone. The major fatty acids included summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω7c, C14 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 72.2 mol%. The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and unidentified lipids. Genomic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain THG-B283T to the genus Sphingomonas . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain THG-B283T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours was below 23 %. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain THG-B283T represents a novel species of genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas kyungheensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-B283T ( = KACC 16224T = LMG 26582T).
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Amorphus suaedae sp. nov., isolated from the root of a tidal flat plant, Suaeda maritima
More LessA novel bacterial strain, YC6899T, was isolated from the root of Suaedae maritima growing on a tidal flat of Namhae Island, Korea. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, slightly halophilic and heterotrophic. Strain YC6899T grew optimally at a salinity of 2–4 %, at 25–37 °C and at pH 6.5–8.0. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain YC6899T was closely related to Amorphus orientalis YIM D10T (96.1 % similarity) and Amorphus coralli RS.Sph.026T (95.9 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown aminoglycolipid, unknown glycolipids and unknown lipids. The major fatty acids of strain YC6899T were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C18 : 1ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.3 mol%. Strain YC6899T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone system. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YC6899T represents a novel species within the genus Amorphus , for which the name Amorphus suaedae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6899T ( = KACC 14912T = NBRC 107845T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Flavobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SW105T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strain produced flexirubin-type pigments and grew at 15–45 °C (optimum, 35 °C), at pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and in the presence of 0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0–1.5 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C17 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SW105T was 36.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate was related to members of the genus Flavobacterium , showing the highest similarity to Flavobacterium ummariense DS-12T and Flavobacterium ceti CCUG 52969T (94.3 and 93.0 % sequence similarity, respectively). On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain SW105T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW105T ( = CGMCC 1.10825T = JCM 18132T).
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Kordia antarctica sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic seawater
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, chemoheterotrophic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, flexirubin-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain IMCC3317T, was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from the Antarctic Penninsula. Optimal growth of strain IMCC3317T was observed at 20 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMCC3317T belonged to the genus Kordia and was closely related to Kordia algicida OT-1T (96.7 % sequence similarity) and Kordia periserrulae IMCC1412T (96.1 % sequence similarity). The major fatty acids were 10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. The strain contained menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the respiratory quinone. The polar lipids detected in the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminophospholipids, aminolipids and polar lipids. On the basis of phylogenetic distinction and differential phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain IMCC3317T ( = KCTC 32292T = NBRC 109401T) be assigned to the genus Kordia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Kordia antarctica sp. nov. is proposed.
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Dyadobacter tibetensis sp. nov., isolated from glacial ice core
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated Y620-1T, was isolated from a glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate shared 93.6–95.1 % similarity with type strains of species of the genus Dyadobacter . The major fatty acids of strain Y620-1T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant isoprenoid quinone and polar lipid were MK-7 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively. The DNA G+C content was 44.4±0.3 mol% (T m). Flexirubin-type pigment was produced. The novel isolate was classified in the genus Dyadobacter , but a number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished the novel isolate from type strains of species of the genus Dyadobacter . From these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is evident that strain Y620-1T represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter , for which the name Dyadobacter tibetensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y620-1T ( = JCM 18589T = CGMCC 1.12215T).
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Gillisia marina sp. nov., from seashore sand, and emended description of the genus Gillisia
A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CBA3202T, was isolated from seashore sand on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CBA3202T was allocated to the genus Gillisia (family Flavobacteriaceae ) and was most closely related to the type strain of Gillisia mitskevichiae (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C and with 3 % NaCl. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6), the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), and the DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and several unidentified polar lipids. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, we conclude that strain CBA3202T represents a novel species of the genus Gillisia , for which the name Gillisia marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3202T ( = KACC 16693T = KCTC 32030T = JCM 18402T). An emended description of the genus Gillisia is also provided.
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Algibacter undariae sp. nov., isolated from a brown algae reservoir
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterial strain able to move by gliding, designated WS-MY9T, was isolated from a brown algae reservoir in South Korea. Strain WS-MY9T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WS-MY9T clustered with the type strain of Algibacter lectus with a bootstrap resampling value of 100 %. Strain WS-MY9T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.5 and 96.7 % to the type strains of A. lectus and Algibacter mikhailovii , respectively, and less than 96.1 % sequence similarity to other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Strain WS-MY9T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain WS-MY9T were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain WS-MY9T was 35.0 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness value with A. lectus KCTC 12103T was 15 %. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain WS-MY9T is separate from the two recognized species of the genus Algibacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain WS-MY9T represents a novel species of the genus Algibacter , for which the name Algibacter undariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS-MY9T ( = KCTC 32259T = CCUG 63684T).
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Fabibacter pacificus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, strain DY53T, was isolated from a deep-seawater sample collected from the eastern Pacific Ocean. This isolate grew in the presence of 0.5–10.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.5–8.5 and at 15–40 °C. The optimum NaCl concentration for growth of DY53T was 2 % (w/v) at 35 °C. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Fabibacter halotolerans UST030701-097T was the closest neighbour, with 96.7 % sequence similarity. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we propose that strain DY53T represents a novel species of the genus Fabibacter , for which the name Fabibacter pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DY53T( = CGMCC 1.12402T = JCM 18885T).
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Taibaiella smilacinae gen. nov., sp. nov., an endophytic member of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from the stem of Smilacina japonica, and emended description of Flavihumibacter petaseus
More LessA light-yellow-coloured bacterium, designated strain PTJT-5T, was isolated from the stem of Smilacina japonica A. Gray collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China, and was subjected to a taxonomic study by using a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate grew optimally at 25–28 °C and pH 6.0–7.0. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PTJT-5T was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes , exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Lacibacter cauensis NJ-8T (87.7 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The only polyamine was homospermidine and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain PTJT-5T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae , for which the name Taibaiella smilacinae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Taibaiella smilacinae is PTJT-5T ( = CCTCC AB 2013017T = KCTC 32316T). An emended description of Flavihumibacter petaseus is also proposed.
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Heliimonas saccharivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from a mineral water aquifer, and emended description of Filimonas lacunae
More LessTwo isolates, with optimum growth temperature and pH of about 30 °C and 6.0–7.0, were recovered from a borehole head of a mineral water aquifer in Portugal. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were species of genera of the family Chitinophagaceae . Strains L2-4T and L2-109 formed translucent colonies and non-motile pleomorphic cells. Strains were strictly aerobic, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids of strains L2-4T and L2-109 were 17 : 0 iso 3-OH, 15 : 0 iso and 15 : 1 iso G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, four unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. Menaquinone 7 was the only respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the DNA of strains L2-4T and L2-109 was 42.0 and 41.4 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strains L2-4T ( = CECT 8122T = LMG 26919T) and L2-109 ( = CECT 8121 = LMG 26920) are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Heliimonas saccharivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Heliimonas saccharivorans is L2-4T. Due to additional results obtained in this study an emended description of Filimonas lacunae is provided.
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Fluviimonas pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from a freshwater river
More LessA bacterial strain designated TQQ6T was isolated from a freshwater river in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain TQQ6T were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-containing, non-motile, non-spore-forming, long rods surrounded by a thick capsule and forming pale orange colonies. Growth occurred at 20–40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0–0.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 42.2 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two uncharacterized aminophospholipids and three uncharacterized phospholipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TQQ6T represents a distinct phyletic line that reflects a novel generic status within the family Cytophagaceae with relatively low sequence similarities (less than 90 %) to members of other genera with validly published names. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain TQQ6T represents a new genus and novel species of the family Cytophagaceae , for which the name Fluviimonas pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TQQ6T ( = BCRC 80447T = LMG 27056T = KCTC 32035T).
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- Eukaryotic Micro-organisms
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Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from Reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of Trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts
More LessHistorically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. For example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, Trichonympha agilis (Leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of Reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in Reticulitermes flavipes. Here we revisit one of these, Reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from single-cell isolates and show that the Trichonympha in R. virginicus is distinct from isolates in the type host and describe this novel species as Trichonympha burlesque i n. sp. We also show the molecular diversity of Trichonympha from the type host R. flavipes is greater than supposed, itself probably representing more than one species. All of this is consistent with recent data suggesting a major underestimate of termite symbiont diversity.
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Description of Ambrosiozyma oregonensis sp. nov., and reassignment of Candida species of the Ambrosiozyma clade to Ambrosiozyma kashinagacola f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma llanquihuensis f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma maleeae f.a., comb. nov., Ambrosiozyma pseudovanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov., and Ambrosiozyma vanderkliftii f.a., comb. nov.
More LessAmbrosiozyma oregonensis sp. nov. is described from two strains, one isolated from a mountain stream in Oregon, USA (NRRL Y-6106T = CBS 5560T), and a second (NRRL YB-4169) from an unknown substrate from Marion, Illinois, USA. The species forms four hat-shaped ascospores in each deliquescent ascus and appears to be homothallic. Abundant true hyphae are produced with some having apparent dolipore-like septa. Analyses of nuclear gene sequences for the D1/D2 domains of large-subunit rRNA, small-subunit rRNA, translation elongation factor-1α, and subunits B1 and B2 of RNA polymerase II show the proposed novel species to be distinct from other species of the Ambrosiozyma clade. Because of their placement in the Ambrosiozyma clade, Candida kashinagacola, Candida llanquihuensis, Candida maleeae, Candida pseudovanderkliftii and Candida vanderkliftii are reassigned to the genus Ambrosiozyma as new combinations, and the description of the genus Ambrosiozyma is emended to reflect the resulting changes in phenotypic characters.
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Rhodotorula portillonensis sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from Antarctic shallow-water marine sediment
More LessDuring the characterization of the mycobiota associated with shallow-water marine environments from Antarctic sea, a novel pink yeast species was isolated. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA gene and 5.8S-ITS regions revealed that the isolated yeast was closely related to Rhodotorula pallida CBS 320T and Rhodotorula benthica CBS 9124T. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, a novel basidiomycetous yeast species, Rhodotorula portillonensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Pi2T ( = CBS 12733T = CECT 13081T) which was isolated from shallow-water marine sediment in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica.
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Kurtzmanomyces shapotouensis sp. nov., an anamorphic, basidiomycetous yeast isolated from desert soil crusts
More LessTwo yeast strains isolated from soil crusts in the Shapotou region of Tengger Desert (north-western China) were grouped in the genus Kurtzmanomyces based on morphological characteristics. rRNA gene sequence analyses (including the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region) indicated that these two strains represented a novel species of the genus Kurtzmanomyces, for which the name Kurtzmanomyces shapotouensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain: CPCC 300020T = DSM 26579T = CBS 12707T). The MycoBank number of the novel species is MB 804959.
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Starmerella neotropicalis f. a., sp. nov., a yeast species found in bees and pollen
A novel yeast species was found repeatedly and in high cell densities in underground-nesting stingless bees of the species Melipona quinquefasciata and their provisions in northern Minas Gerais (Brazil). One additional strain was isolated from bee-collected pollen in Cuba. Phylogenetic analyses based on rRNA gene sequences (D1/D2 large subunit gene and internal transcribed spacer) indicated that the novel species belongs to the Starmerella clade and is most closely related to Candida (iter. nom. Starmerella) apicola. Growth reactions on carbon and nitrogen sources were typical of those observed in related species of the Starmerella clade. PCR-fingerprinting with mini- and microsatellite specific primers allowed the distinction of the novel species from Candida apicola, Candida bombi and a yet undescribed species represented by strain CBS 4353. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, the novel species is assigned to the genus Starmerella despite the failure to observe sexual reproduction after extensive mating tests. We propose the name Starmerella neotropicalis f. a., sp. nov. (Mycobank MB 804285) and designate UFMG PST 09T ( = MUCL 53320T = CBS 12811T) as the type strain.
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- Other Bacteria
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Seleniivibrio woodruffii gen. nov., sp. nov., a selenate- and arsenate-respiring bacterium in the Deferribacteraceae
A Gram-type-negative, obligately anaerobic, selenate-respiring bacterium, strain S4T, was isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in New Jersey after enrichment with 10 mM selenate as the sole electron acceptor. In addition to its selenate-respiring capability, strain S4T also respired arsenate with acetate as carbon source and electron donor. Fermentative growth was not observed. The optimum growth temperature was 37 °C and optimum pH was pH 7. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain S4T is a novel member of the family Deferribacteraceae , with the type strain of Denitrovibrio acetiphilus as its closest cultivated relative, with 91.5 % sequence similarity. The cellular fatty acid profile was composed predominantly of straight-chain fatty acids C14 : 0, C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 and C18 : 0, which distinguishes this organism from its closest relatives. The DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. Together, these findings support the conclusion that strain S4T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Seleniivibrio woodruffii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Seleniivibrio woodruffii is S4T ( = DSM 24984T = ATCC BAA-2290T).
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- Evolution, Phylogeny and Biodiversity
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Evaluation of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase β-subunit gene (rpoB) for phytoplasma classification and phylogeny
More LessPhytoplasmas are classified into 16Sr groups and subgroups and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’ species, largely or entirely based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Yet, distinctions among closely related ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’ species and strains based on 16S rRNA genes alone have limitations imposed by the high degree of rRNA nucleotide sequence conservation across diverse phytoplasma lineages and by the presence in a phytoplasma genome of two, sometimes sequence-heterogeneous, copies of the 16S rRNA gene. Since the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DpRp) β-subunit gene (rpoB) exists as a single copy in the phytoplasma genome, we explored the use of rpoB for phytoplasma classification and phylogenetic analysis. We sequenced a clover phyllody (CPh) phytoplasma genetic locus containing ribosomal protein genes, a complete rpoB gene and a partial rpoC gene encoding the β′-subunit of DpRp. Primers and reaction conditions were designed for PCR-mediated amplification of rpoB gene fragments from diverse phytoplasmas. The rpoB gene sequences from phytoplasmas classified in groups 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrX and 16SrXII were subjected to sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses. The rpoB gene sequences were more variable than 16S rRNA gene sequences, more clearly distinguishing among phytoplasma lineages. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences had similar topologies, and branch lengths in the rpoB tree facilitated distinctions among closely related phytoplasmas. Virtual RFLP analysis of rpoB gene sequences also improved distinctions among closely related lineages. The results indicate that the rpoB gene provides a useful additional marker for phytoplasma classification that should facilitate studies of disease aetiology and epidemiology.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)