- Volume 66, Issue 6, 2016
Volume 66, Issue 6, 2016
- Obituary
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- Notification List
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Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 66, part 3, of the IJSEM
More LessThis listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
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- Review
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Notes on the use of Greek word roots in genus and species names of prokaryotes
More LessThis paper provides a survey of the ways in which Greek words and word roots have been used in the nomenclature of prokaryotes and explores the extent to which the different uses agree with the wording of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. We here give recommendations on how to use Greek words and word roots in new genus names and specific epithets so that the resulting names are in agreement both with the rules of Greek grammar and with Principle 3 of the Code.
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- New taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Actinocorallia lasiicapitis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus L.)
A novel actinomycete, designated strain 3H-GS17T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain 3H-GS17T belongs to the genus Actinocorallia with high sequence similarity to Actinocorallia glomerata JCM 9376T (98.13 %) and Actinocorallia longicatena JCM 9377T (97.64 %). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain 3H-GS17T were also consistent with those of members of the genus Actinocorallia . The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars were ribose, mannose, glucose, galactose and madurose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7с. A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and phenotypic tests were carried out between strain 3H-GS17T and its closely related strains, which further clarified their relatedness and demonstrated that 3H-GS17T could be distinguished from these strains. Therefore, strain 3H-GS17T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Actinocorallia , for which the name Actinocorallia lasiicapitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3H-GS17T (=DSM 100595T=CGMCC 4.7282T).
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Leucobacter populi sp. nov. isolated from a symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker
More LessA Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated 06C10-3-11T, was isolated from the symptomatic bark of a Populus × euramericana canker. Growth occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6–11 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–1 %) and in the presence of 20 mM Cr (VI). The major fatty acids (≥10 %) of the novel strain were identified as anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, glycolipid and two unknown lipids. The strain contained the respiratory quinone MK-10 (71 %) as a major component and MK-11 (29 %) in lesser amounts. The cell wall amino acids were 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 69.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain 06C10-3-11T belongs to the genus Leucobacter, showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Leucobacter celer NAL101T (96.19 %), ‘Leucobacter kyeonggiensis’ F3-P9T (96.18 %), Leucobacter denitrificans M1T8B10T (96.10 %) and Leucobacter aridicollis CIP 108388T (96.06 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 06C10-3-11T was 69.8 mol%. Based on the molecular data and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain 06C10-3-11T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter populi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 06C10-3-11T (= CFCC 12199T = KCTC 39685T).
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Nonomuraea zeae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.)
A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-ND5T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.) collected in Heilongjiang Province, north-east China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-ND5T was a member of the genus Nonomuraea , with highest sequence similarities to Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea rosea GW12687T (98.25 %), Nonomuraea candida HMC10T (98.22 %), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.04 %) and Nonomuraea kuesteri NRRL B-24325T (98.04 %). Similarities to other type strains of the genus Nonomuraea were lower than 98 %. Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-ND5T were also consistent with the description of the genus Nonomuraea . The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were glucose, ribose and madurose. The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H0). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and 10-methyl C17:0. A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-ND5T was clearly distinguished from its closely related Nonomuraea species. Consequently, it is concluded that strain NEAU-ND5T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea , for which the name Nonomuraea zeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ND5T (=CGMCC 4.7280T=DSM 100528T).
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Agromyces binzhouensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated OAct353T, belonging to the genus Agromyces was isolated from a soil sample collected from a coastal wetland of the Yellow River delta, PR China. The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain grew in the presence of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2–3 %), at pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 12–36 °C (optimum 28 °C). The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and glycine in its peptidoglycan. The acyl type of the cell-wall muramic acid was N-acetyl. The whole-cell sugars of this novel strain were glucose, xylose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-12 (74 %) and MK-11 (21 %). The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and three unknown polar lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol %. DNA-DNA relatedness clearly separated strain OAct353T from its closest relatives. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, a novel species, Agromyces binzhouensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is OAct353T (=CGMCC4.7180T=DSM 28305T=NRRL B-59115T).
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Kribbella pittospori sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the surface-sterilized stem of an Australian native apricot tree, Pittosporum angustifolium
More LessAn endophytic actinobacterium, strain PIP 158T, was isolated from the stem of a native apricot tree (Pittosporum angustifolium) collected from the grounds of Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. As a result of a polyphasic taxonomic study, this strain was identified as a member of the genus Kribbella . This strain was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia which were non-motile and with hyphae fragmenting into short to elongated rod-like elements. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed this isolate in the family Nocardioidaceae , being most closely related to Kribbella sandramycini ATCC 39419T and Kribbella albertanoniae BC640T which share a similarity of 99. 26 and 99.18 % with Kribbella hippodromi S1.4T, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data including cell-wall components, major menaquinones and major fatty acids confirmed the affiliation of strain PIP 158T to the genus Kribbella . The results of the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies in combination with DNA–DNA hybridization, allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain PIP 158T from the closest related species with validly published names. The name proposed for the novel species is Kribbella pittospori sp. nov. The type strain is PIP 158T (=DSM 23717T=NRRL B-24813T).
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Rhodococcus pedocola sp. nov. and Rhodococcus humicola sp. nov., two antibiotic-producing actinomycetes isolated from soil
More LessTwo novel actinobacterial strains, UC12T and UC33T, were isolated from forest topsoil in Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea. Comparative analysis of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of UC12T and UC33T revealed close pairwise similarity with species of the genus Rhodococcus , and the UC12T and UC33T sequences were most closely related to Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus triatomae IMMIB RIV-085T (97.71 %), respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization showed 33.05–35.60 % genomic similarity between strains UC12T and UC33T, while strain UC12T shared DNA–DNA relatedness values of 32.71–41.29 % with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus and strain UC33T shared 29.12–37.91 % genomic relatedness with the closest species of the genus Rhodococcus. Both strains showed similar chemotaxonomic characteristics. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major quinone derived was MK-8(H2). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected in whole cells. Mycolic acids were detected. The DNA G+C content of strains UC12T and UC33T was 72.7 mol% and 68.8 mol%, respectively. Both strains produced antibiotic(s) that inhibited bacterial pathogens but not fungi. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic features and the DNA–DNA hybridization between the isolates and type strains of closely related species, we propose that these bacteria be classified as novel species of the genus Rhodococcus with the names Rhodococcus pedocola sp. nov. (type strain UC12T=KACC 18499T=NBRC 111580T) and Rhodococcus humicola sp. nov. (type strain UC33T=KACC 18500T=NBRC 111581T).
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Streptosporangium jiaoheense sp. nov. and Streptosporangium taraxaci sp. nov., actinobacteria isolated from soil and dandelion root (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)
Two novel actinobacteria, designated strains NEAU-Jh1-4T and NEAU-Wp2-0T, were isolated from muddy soil collected from a riverbank in Jiaohe and a dandelion root collected from Harbin, respectively. A polyphasic study was carried out to establish the taxonomic positions of these two strains. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains NEAU-Jh1-4T and NEAU-Wp2-0T indicated that strain NEAU-Jh1-4T clustered with Streptosporangium nanhuense NEAU-NH11T (99.32 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Streptosporangium purpuratum CY-15110T (98.30 %) and Streptosporangium yunnanense CY-11007T (97.95 %) and strain NEAU-Wp2-0T clustered with ‘ Streptosporangium sonchi ’ NEAU-QS7 (99.39 %), ‘ Streptosporangium kronopolitis ’ NEAU-ML10 (99.26 %), ‘ Streptosporangium shengliense ’ NEAU-GH7 (98.85 %) and Streptosporangium longisporum DSM 43180T (98.69 %). Moreover, morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the two isolates also confirmed their affiliation to the genus Streptosporangium . However, the low level of DNA–DNA hybridization and some phenotypic characteristics allowed the isolates to be differentiated from the most closely related species. Therefore, it is proposed that strains NEAU-Jh1-4T and NEAU-Wp2-0T represent two novel species of the genus Streptosporangium , for which the name Streptosporangium jiaoheense sp. nov. and Streptosporangium taraxaci sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are NEAU-Jh1-4T (=CGMCC 4.7213T=JCM 30348T) and NEAU-Wp2-0T (=CGMCC 4.7217T=JCM 30349T), respectively.
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Streptomyces indoligenes sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Populus euphratica
More LessA novel actinobacterium, designated TRM 43006T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Populus euphratica in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis demonstrated that strain TRM 43006T belongs to the genus Streptomyces . The strain was aerobic and Gram-stain-positive; the aerial mycelium branched monopodially, forming chains of arthrospores. The spores were oval to cylindrical with smooth surfaces. The whole-cell sugar pattern of strain TRM 43006T consisted of xylose, mannitol, galactose and ribose. The menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H10). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and four unknown phospholipids. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1, iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.0 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TRM 43006T was phylogenetically most closely related to Streptomyces roseolilacinus NBRC 12815T (98.6 % similarity) and Streptomyces sudanensis SD 504T (98.3 %); however, DNA–DNA hybridization studies between S. roseolilacinus NBRC 12815T, S. sudanensis SD 504T and TRM 43006T showed only 30.28 and 30.65 % relatedness, respectively. Based on the evidence from this polyphasic study, strain TRM 43006T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces indoligenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 43006T (=KCTC 39611T=CCTCC AA 2015010T).
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- Archaea
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Haloparvum sedimenti gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Haloferacaceae
More LessTwo extremely halophilic archaeal strains, DYS4T and Y2, were isolated from rock salt of the Jiangcheng Salt Mine, Yunnan province, China. Cells of the two strains were non-motile, pleomorphic rods and Gram-stain-negative. The cells produced light red-pigmented colonies. Strains DYS4T and Y2 required 2.6-3.4 M NaCl, pH 7.5– 8.0 and 42 ºC in aerobic conditions for optimal growth. Mg2+ was required for growth. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate and sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether. An unidentified minor glycolipid spot was present for strains DYS4T and Y2, which differentiates them from the closely related species of the genera Halorubrum and Halopenitus . The lipid core of the glycolipid was sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol (C20C20). The sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the closest relatives of strains DYS4T and Y2 were Halorubrum aidingense 31-hongT (94.1 % and 93.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to DYS4T and Y2, respectively) and Halopenitus salinus SKJ47T (93.4% and 93.1%). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the rpoB′ gene revealed that strains DYS4T and Y2 formed an independent lineage closely related to the genera Halorubrum and Halopenitus . The DNA G+C contents of strains DYS4T and Y2 were 68.2 and 67.0 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strains DYS4T and Y2 was 90.0 ± 0.5%, while that between strain DYS4T and other closest relatives was less than 26 % (19 ± 0.7 % for Halorubrum aidingense 31-hongT and 25 ± 0.3% for Halopenitus salinus SKJ47T). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strains DYS4T and Y2 (=CGMCC 1.15000=JCM 30892) represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Haloferacaceae , for which the name Haloparvum sedimenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is DYS4T (=CGMCC 1.14998T=JCM 30891T).
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Halanaeroarchaeum sulfurireducens gen. nov., sp. nov., the first obligately anaerobic sulfur-respiring haloarchaeon, isolated from a hypersaline lake
Anaerobic enrichments with acetate as electron donor and carbon source, and elemental sulfur as electron acceptor at 4 M NaCl using anaerobic sediments and brines from several hypersaline lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in isolation in pure culture of four strains of obligately anaerobic haloarchae growing exclusively by sulfur respiration. Such metabolism has not yet been demonstrated in any known species of Halobacteria, and in the whole archaeal kingdom, acetate oxidation with sulfur as acceptor was not previously demonstrated. The four isolates had nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and formed a novel genus-level branch within the family Halobacteriaceae . The strains had a restricted substrate range limited to acetate and pyruvate as electron donors and elemental sulfur as electron acceptor. In contrast to aerobic haloarchaea, the biomass of anaerobic isolates completely lacked the typical red pigments. Growth with acetate+sulfur was observed between 3–5 M NaCl and at a pH range from 6.7 to 8.0. The membrane core lipids were dominated by archaeols. On the basis of distinct physiological and phylogenetic data, the sulfur-respiring isolates represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halanaeroarchaeaum sulfurireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HSR2T (=JCM 30661T=UNIQEM U935T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Psychroflexus aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated DB-3T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain DB-3T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DB-3T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Psychroflexus . Strain DB-3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.2–96.9 % to the type strains of species of the genus Psychroflexus . Strain DB-3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major or significant amounts of polar lipids detected in strain DB-3T were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and seven unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 34.7 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DB-3T is separated from recognized species of the genus Psychroflexus . On the basis of the data presented, strain DB-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Psychroflexus , for which the name Psychroflexus aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB-3T (=KCTC 52037T=NBRC 111757T).
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Pedobacter humicola sp. nov., a member of the genus Pedobacter isolated from soil
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, light pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R135T, was isolated from soil in Hwaseong, South Korea. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain R135T formed a lineage within the family Sphingobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes . It was distinct from various species of the genus Pedobacter , including P. terrae DS-57T (98.13 % sequence similarity), P. alluvionis NWER-II11T (97.76 %), P. suwonensis 15-52T (97.71 %), P. kyungheensis KACC 16221T (97.37 %), P. roseus CG-GP80T (97.24 %), P. soli 15-51T (97.23 %) and P. sandarakinus DS-27T (97.09 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain R135T was 40.4 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA hybridization similarities between strain R135Tand other members of the genus Pedobacter ranged from 25 % to 43 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain R135T represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter humicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R135T (=KEMB 9005-332T=KACC 18452T=JCM 31010T).
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Hymenobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative and non-motile bacterial strain that formed straight rods and reddish colonies, designated KJ035T, was isolated from seawater from the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KJ035T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter . The most closely related species were Hymenobacter metalli A2-91T (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Hymenobacter flocculans A2-50AT (96.7 %) and Hymenobacter ginsengisoli DCY57T (96.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). The major isoprenoid quinone and polyamine were menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and homospermidine, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.0 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of the new isolate from its phylogenetic relatives. Strain KJ035T is thus considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacter marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJ035T (=KCTC 42854T=CECT 9069T).
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Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic member of the genus Aliifodinibius, and proposal of Balneolaceae fam. nov.
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated 2W32T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern on the coast of Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Strain 2W32T was tolerant to moderate salt conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 33–37 °C (range 20–45 °C) and pH 7.5–8.0 (range pH 7.0–8.5) with 6–10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2–18 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 2W32T shared highest similarity with Aliifodinibius sediminis YIM J21T (94.6 %), Aliifodinibius roseus YIM D15T (94.4 %), Fodinibius salinus YIM C003T (93.6 %), Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (88.6 %) and Balneola vulgaris 13IX/A01/164T (86.4 %) and less than 83.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes . The isolate and closely related species formed a novel family-level clade in the phylum Bacteroidetes . The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of strain 2W32T was 47.5 mol %. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and characterization indicated that strain 2W32T represents a novel species within the genus Aliifodinibius , for which the name Aliifodinibius halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2W32T (=KCTC 42497T=CICC 23869T). In addition, a novel family, Balneolaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genera Fodinibius, Aliifodinibius, Gracilimonas , , and Balneola .
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Pontibacter mucosus sp. nov., isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated pond sediment
More LessA halotolerant, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and light-pink-pigmented bacterial strain, PB3T, was isolated from a pond sediment near a hexachlorocyclohexane-producing factory, located at Chinhat, Lucknow, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PB3T formed a distinct phyletic clade along with the members of the genus Pontibacter . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other members of the genus Pontibacter ranged from 94.5 to 98.9 %. The cells were motile, aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C17:0 3-OH, C16:1ω5c, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1I/ anteiso-C17:1 B). The polar lipid profile of strain PB3T showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, unknown aminolipids and other unknown polar lipids. DNA–DNA hybridization based homology of strain PB3T with respect to its most closely related species, Pontibacter chinhatensis LP51T, was 44.7 %. The DNA G+C content was 53.5 mol%. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the isolate belongs to the genus Pontibacter and represents a novel species, for which the name Pontibacter mucosus is proposed. The type strain is PB3T (=DSM 100162T=KCTC 42942T).
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Flavobacterium tistrianum sp. nov., a gliding bacterium isolated from soil
A novel gliding bacterial strain, GB 56.1T, was obtained from soil at the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand; the strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod shaped and devoid of flagella, but showed gliding motility. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences found that GB 56.1T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium and that the strain shared the highest sequence similarities with Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens (98.4 %), Flavobacterium anhuiense (98.3 %) and Flavobacterium ginsenosidimutans (97.9 %). The similarities of the sequences of all other species of the genus Flavobacterium were below 97.4 %. The major respiratory quinone of strain GB 56.1T was MK-6; fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c, C16:0 and C16:0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, an unidentified amino lipid and four polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 34.2 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness of GB 56.1T was highest against F. anhuiense , with a value of 37.6 %. On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we conclude that strain GB 56.1T represents a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium tistrianum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GB 56.1T (=TISTR 1612T =KCTC 42679T).
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Spirosoma aerophilum sp. nov., isolated from an air sample
A rod-shaped, yellow, Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic bacterium, designated 5516J-17T, was isolated from an air sample collected from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. It grew in the temperature range of 10−37 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic trees generated using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 5516J-17T belongs to the genus Spirosoma , showing 96.9 % sequence similarity to the most closely related species, Spirosoma linguale DSM 74T. The cellular fatty acids comprised large amounts (>10 % of total fatty acids) of summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C16:1ω5c, and moderate amounts (5–10 % of total fatty acids) of iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0 and C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 55.7 mol % and MK-7 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown aminolipid and one unknown lipid. On the basis of this phenotypic and polyphasic taxonomy study, it is suggested that strain 5516J-17T represents a novel species within the genus Spirosoma , with the proposed name Spirosoma aerophilum. The type strain is 5516J-17T (= KACC 17323T = DSM 28388T = JCM 19950T).
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Jiulongibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from the surface sediment of the Jiulong River in China
More LessA bacterial strain, designated JN14-9T, was isolated from surface sediment of the Jiulong River and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain JN14-9T was Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented. It can grow at 15–37 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), at pH 7–8 (optimum pH 7) and in 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3–4 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JN14-9T formed an independent lineage related to the family Cytophagaceae with low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<92.5 %) to members of other genera with validly published names. The principal fatty acids of strain JN14-9T were summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c) and iso-C15:0. The isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-7. The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three aminophospholipids and five unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.6 mol%. Results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses clearly indicate that strain JN14-9T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Cytophagaceae , for which the name Jiulongibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is JN14-9T (=MCCC 1A00733T=KCTC 42153T).
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Pedobacter humi sp. nov., isolated from a playground soil
Huan Trinh and Tae-Hoo YiA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG S15-2T, was isolated from playground soil in Sindorim-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG S15-2T was found to be related most closely to Pedobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T (97.5 % similarity), Pedobacter panaciterrae Gsoil 042T (97.4 %), Pedobacter seoulensis THG-G12T (97.1 %) and Pedobacter caeni LMG 22862T (97.1 %). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain THG S15-2T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 30.0 %. The only isoprenoid quinone detected in strain THG S15-2T was menaquinone-7. The DNA G+C content was 45.9 mol%. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), iso-C15:0 and C16:0. These data supported the affiliation of strain THG S15-2T to the genus Pedobacter . Strain THG S15-2T was distinguished from related Pedobacter species by physiological and biochemical tests. Therefore, strain THG S15-2T represents a novel species, for which the name Pedobacter humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG S15-2T (= KCTC 42735T = CCTCC AB 2015293T).
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- Firmicutes and related organisms
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Tumebacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from non-rhizosphere soil
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, CAU 11108T, was isolated from soil in Danghangpo, Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The bacterium grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8, and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain CAU 11108T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Tumebacillus and was most closely related to Tumebacillus luteolus U13T (98.2 %). The strain contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 54.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic differentiation, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain CAU 11108T represents a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus , for which the name Tumebacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 11108T (=KCTC 33141T=CECT 8918T).
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Fermentibacillus polygoni gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkaliphile that reduces indigo dye
More LessFacultatively alkaliphilic strains, designated as strains IEB3T and IEB14, were isolated as indigo-reducing strains from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour) liquor sample prepared in our laboratory using a medium containing an indigo fermentation liquor as a sole substrate. The 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny and similarity suggested that strains IEB3T and IEB14 exhibit distinctive positions among the members of the genus Bacillus , and their closest neighbour was Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (similarity: 97.4 %) among the species with validly published names. The 16S rRNA sequence of strain IEB3Twas identical to that of strain IEB14. The cells of the isolates stained Gram-positive and were facultatively anaerobic, straight rods that were motile by a pair of subpolar flagella. Strains IEB3T and IEB14 grew at temperatures between 12 and 40 °C with optimum growth at 30‒33 °C and in the range of pH 7.5–12. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was detected as the major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains IEB3T and IEB14 were 49.1 and 49.9 mol%, respectively. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly (>10 %) consisted of iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness value between strain IEB3T and the phylogenetically most closely related species, Bacillus nanhaiisediminis JCM 16507T (<7 % ). On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Fermentibacillus polygoni gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IEB3T (=JCM 30817T=NCIMB 14984T).
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Bacillus urumqiensis sp. nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, designated BZ-SZ-XJ18T, was isolated from the mixed water and sediment of a saline-alkaline lake located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T was a member of the genus Bacillus . The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), ‘ Bacillus daqingensis’ X10-1 (96.6 %), Bacillus luteus JC167T (96.5 %), Bacillus daliensis DLS13T (96.2 %), Bacillus chagannorensis CG-15T (95.2 %) and Bacillus polygoni YN-1T (95.0 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T and the reference type strains of the related species of the genus Bacillus was lower than 27 %. The isolate formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.22–4.32 M Na+ (equivalent to 1.3–25.3 %, w/v, NaCl) (optimum 1.08 M Na+, equivalent to 6.3 %, w/v, NaCl), at pH 6.5–10.0 (optimum pH 8.5–9.5) and at 8–41 ºC (optimum 37 ºC). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (43.0 %), C16:0 (18.1 %), iso-C15:0 (11.3 %), anteiso-C17:0 (8.0 %) and iso-C16:0 (7.0 %). The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol% (HPLC) or 41.4 mol% (T m). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain BZ-SZ-XJ18T is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillus urumqiensis within the genus Bacillus . The type strain is BZ-SZ-XJ18T (=DSM 29145T=JCM 30195T).
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Fictibacillus halophilus sp. nov., from a microbial mat of a hot spring atop the Himalayan Range
More LessA Gram-stain-positive staining, motile, endospore forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated as strain AS8T, was isolated from a microbial mat deposited at thermal discharges of Manikaran hot spring (with surface water temperature ~95 °C) located in Himachal Pradesh, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AS8T belonged to the genus Fictibacillus with the highest sequence similarity to Fictibacillus nanhaiensis DSM 23009T (99.9 %) and Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7T (99.9 %), followed by Fictibacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (99.1 %) and Fictibacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (97.4 %). The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A1γ based on directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain AS8T was found to be 46.9 mol%. The quinone system of strain AS8T consisted of MK-7 predominantly, and the polyamine pattern primarily contained spermidine and spermine. The major cellular fatty acids in strain AS8T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The strain showed DNA–DNA relatedness of 52.7 % with F. nanhaiensis DSM 23009T, 50.7 % with F. phosphorivorans Ca7T, 34.8 % with F. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T and 38.0 % with F. arsenicus Con a/3T. In spite of the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the DNA–DNA hybridization and gyr B gene sequencing results (≤87 %) supported by physiological and biochemical tests demonstrated that strain AS8T is a representative of a novel species, for which the name Fictibacillus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AS8T (=MCC 2765T=DSM 100124T=KCTC 33758T).
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Genome analysis shows Bacillus axarquiensis is not a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus mojavensis; reclassification of Bacillus malacitensis and Brevibacterium halotolerans as heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus axarquiensis
More LessBacillus axarquiensis and Bacillus malacitensis were previously reported to be later heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus mojavensis , based primarily on DNA–DNA relatedness values. We have sequenced draft genomes of Bacillus axarquiensis NRRL B-41617T and Bacillus malacitensis NRRL B-41618T. Comparative genomics and DNA–DNA relatedness calculations showed that while Bacillus axarquiensis and Bacillus malacitensis are synonymous with each other, they are not synonymous with Bacillus mojavensis . In addition, a draft genome was completed for Brevibacterium halotolerans , a strain long suspected of being a Bacillus subtilis group member based on 16S rRNA similarities (99.8 % with Bacillus mojavensis ). Comparative genomics and DNA–DNA relatedness calculations showed that Brevibacterium halotolerans is synonymous with Bacillus axarquiensis and Bacillus malacitensis . The pairwise in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values calculated in comparisons between the three conspecific strains were all greater than 92 %, which is well above the standard species threshold of 70 %. While the pairwise in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values calculated in comparisons of the three conspecific strains with Bacillus mojavensis were all less than 65 %. The combined results of our genotype and phenotype studies showed that Bacillus axarquiensis, Bacillus malacitensis , and Brevibacterium halotolerans are conspecific and distinct from Bacillus mojavensis . Because the valid publication of the name Bacillus axarquiensis predates the publication of the name Bacillus malacitensis , we propose that Bacillus malacitensis be reclassified as a synonym of Bacillus axarquiensis . In addition, we propose to reclassify Brevibacterium halotolerans as a synonym of Bacillus axarquiensis . An amended description of Bacillus axarquiensis is provided.
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- other bacteria
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Thermosporothrix narukonensis sp. nov., belonging to the class Ktedonobacteria, isolated from fallen leaves on geothermal soil, and emended description of the genus Thermosporothrix
More LessA thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium that formed branched vegetative and aerial mycelia was isolated from fallen leaves on geothermal soil. This strain, designated F4T, grew at temperatures between 30 and 60 °C; optimum growth temperature was 50 °C, whereas no growth was observed below 28 °C or above 65 °C. The pH range for growth was 4.9–9.5; the pH for optimum growth was 7.0, but no growth was observed at pH below 4.4 or above 10.0. Strain F4T was able to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as cellulose, xylan, chitin and starch. The G+C content in the DNA of strain F4T was 52.5 mol%. The major fatty acid was iso-C17 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). The cell wall of strain F4T contained glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine and ornithine in a molar ratio of 1.0:1.5:1.4:1.8:0.7. The polar lipids of this strain consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. The cell-wall sugar was mannose. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain F4T belongs to the genus Thermosporothrix , and that it was related most closely to Thermosporothrix hazakensis SK20-1T (98.7 % similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization showed relatedness values of less than 15 % with the type strain of Thermosporothrix hazakensis . On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, strain F4T is considered to represent a novel species, Thermosporothrix narukonensis sp. nov. The type strain is F4T(=NBRC 111777T=BCCM/LMG 29329T).
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Proposal of Ancylothrix gen. nov., a new genus of Phormidiaceae (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) based on a polyphasic approach
During a study about the diversity of Phormidioideae (Phormidiaceae, Oscillatoriales) in Brazil, seven strains from southern and southeastern regions were isolated in monospecifc cultures and submitted to polyphasic evaluation (morphological, ecological, cytological and molecular studies). The populations studied were found to be morphologically similar to Kamptonema (filaments narrowed and bent at the end) and cytologically different (thylakoids’ arrangement - radial distribution in Brazilian strains and parietal distribution in Kamptonema). The original habitats were very diverse among the Brazilian strains (freshwater, wet soil and barks of trees). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains were placed together in a very distinctive and highly supported clade. Thus, the set of characteristics of the strains resulted in the recognition of the new genus Ancylothrix Martins et Branco gen. nov. with two species [Ancylothrix rivularis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type species) and Ancylothrix terrestris sp. nov.], distinguishable by differences in genetic and ecological characteristics and described under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Secondary structures of D1-D1′, box-B and V3 regions were conserved in A. rivularis gen. nov. sp. nov. and more variable in A. terrestris sp. nov.
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Oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Leptotrichiaceae isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
A pleomorphic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, indole-, oxidase- and catalase- negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium was originally isolated in 1992 from moribund, seawater farmed Atlantic salmon with multifocal tissue necrosis. Strain AVG 2115T displayed considerable similarities with Streptobacillus moniliformis , one of the two etiological agents of rat bite fever, and has been stored as Streptobacillus sp. NCIMB 703044T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, this strain displayed >99 % sequence similarities with uncultured bacterial clones from the digestive tracts of marine mammals, followed by Sneathia sanguinegens CCUG 41628T (92.7 %), ‘ Sneathia amnii’ Sn35 (92.5 %), Caviibacter abscessus CCUG 39713T (92.2 %), Streptobacillus ratti OGS16T (91.3 %), Streptobacillus notomytis AHL 370-1T (91.2 %), S. moniliformis DSM 12112T (91.0 %), Streptobacillus felis 131000547T (90.9 %) and Streptobacillus hongkongensis DSM 26322T (89.7 %). Sequence similarities to all other taxa were below 89 %. Phylogenetic analysis for strain NCIMB 703044T revealed highly similar results for gyrB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses independent of the employed treeing method. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) for complete genomes ranged from 66.00 % to 72.08 % between strain NCIMB 703044T and the type strains of Sebaldella termitidis, Leptotrichia buccalis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Sneathia sanguinegens , , , and Caviibacter abscessus . Chemotaxonomic and physiological data of strain NCIMB 703044t were in congruence with closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae , represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis was capable to clearly discriminate strain NCIMB 703044T from all currently described taxa of the family Leptotrichiaceae . On the basis of these data we propose the novel taxon Oceanivirga salmonicida gen. nov. sp. nov. with the type strain AVG 2115T (=NCIMB 703044T) (=DSM 101867T). The G+C content is 25.4 %, genome size is 1.77 Mbp.
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- Proteobacteria
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Proteus cibarius sp. nov., a swarming bacterium from Jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, and emended description of the genus Proteus
More LessA novel Proteus -like, Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JS9T, was isolated from Korean fermented seafood, Jeotgal. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain JS9T belonged to the genus Proteus in the family Enterobacteriaceae . The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain JS9T was to Proteus vulgaris KCTC 2579T (98.98 %) and the genomic DNA G+C content is 39.0 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values were measured and strain JS9T showed <20.8 % genomic relatedness with closely-related members of the genus Proteus . The isolate showed bacterial motility and swarming activity similar to those of pathogenic Proteus mirabilis but distinct from those of other species of the genus Proteus . The isolate grows optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7, and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The main respiratory quinones are ubiquinone Q-8 and Q-10, and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, summed feature 3 and summed feature 8. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino lipid, two unidentified amino-phospholipids, and three unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, strain JS9T represents a novel species of the genus Proteus , for which the name Proteus cibarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS9T (=KACC 18404T=JCM 30699T). An emended description of the genus Proteus is also provided.
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Pseudoroseicyclus aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated DB-4T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, South Korea. Strain DB-4T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DB-4T clustered with the type strain of Roseicyclus mahoneyensis , showing sequence similarity of 94.8 %. It exhibited sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of Loktanella soesokkakensis, Loktanella hongkongensis, Loktanella variabilis, Loktanella aestuariicola , , , and Loktanella cinnabarina . Strain DB-4T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 ω7c and cyclo C19:0 ω8c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain DB-4T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain DB-4T were distinguished from those of the type strains of R. mahoneyensis and some phylogenetically related Loktanella species. The DNA G+C content of strain DB-4T was 69.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain DB-4T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name Pseudoroseicyclus aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain ofPseudoroseicyclus aestuarii is DB-4T (=KCTC 52038T=CECT 9025T).
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‘Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga', an uncultivated electroautotroph from a biocathode enrichment
Biocathode communities are of interest for a variety of applications, including electrosynthesis, bioremediation, and biosensors, yet much remains to be understood about the biological processes that occur to enable these communities to grow. One major difficulty in understanding these communities is that the critical autotrophic organisms are difficult to cultivate. An uncultivated, electroautotrophic bacterium previously identified as an uncultivated member of the family Chromatiaceae appears to be a key organism in an autotrophic biocathode microbial community. Metagenomic, metaproteomic and metatranscriptomic characterization of this community indicates that there is likely a single organism that utilizes electrons from the cathode to fix CO2, yet this organism has not been obtained in pure culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals that the organism grows as rod-shaped cells approximately 1.8 × 0.6 µm, and forms large clumps on the cathode. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.2 mol%. Here we identify the key features of this organism and propose ‘Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga’, within the Gammaproteobacteria on the basis of low nucleotide and predicted protein sequence identity to known members of the orders Chromatiales and Thiotrichales .
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Thalassobaculum fulvum sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater
A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped (1.0–1.2×2.0–8.0 µm), non-motile without flagella strain, designated HSF7T, was isolated from deep seawater. Strain HSF7T was able to grow at 20–40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum pH 6.5) and 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. Bacteriochlorophyll a and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules were not found. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (69.3 %), C16 : 0 (9.1 %) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (6.6 %). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, three unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminolipid and two unknown lipids. The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain HSF7T was most closely related toThalassobaculum salexigens DSM 19539T, Thalassobaculum litoreum DSM 18839T, Nisaeadenitrificans DSM 18348T and Oceanibaculum indicum MCCC 1A02083Twith pairwise sequence similarities of 95.56 %, 95.21 %, 93.64 % and 92.65 %, respectively. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain HSF7T represents a novel species of the genus Thalassobaculum , or which the name Thalassobaculum fulvum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HSF7T(=KCTC 42651T=MCCC 1K01158T).
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Kordiimonas lipolytica sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated M41T, was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected from the western Pacific Ocean. The isolate grew in medium containing 0.5–10.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 1.0–3.0 %) at 15–45 °C and pH 5.5–9.5. Positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reduction. The respiratory quinone is Q-10. The major fatty acids (>10 %) are iso-C15:0, iso-C17:1ω9c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified glycolipids.The genomic DNA G+C content is 56.3 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M41T should be assigned to the genus Kordiimonas . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of species of the genus Kordiimonas with validly published names were in the range 96.2– 98.6 %. Strain M41T exhibited average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 81.7 and 72.3 % with respect to Kordiimonas. lacus S3-22T and Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864T, respectively. The genome-to-genome distance analysis revealed that strain M41T shared 51.4 % DNA–DNA relatedness with K. lacus S3-22T and 16.3 % with K. gwangyangensis JCM 12864T. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain M41T represents a novel species of the genus Kordiimonas , for which the name Kordiimonas lipolytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M41T (=CGMCC 1.15304T=JCM 30877T). An emended description of Kordiimonas lacus is also provided.
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Shewanella algicola sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from brown algae
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium motile by means of a single polar flagella, strain ST-6T, was isolated from a brown alga (Sargassum thunbergii) collected in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Strain ST-6T was psychrotolerant, growing at 4–30 °C (optimum 20 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences revealed that strain ST-6T belonged to a distinct lineage in the genus Shewanella . Strain ST-6T was related most closely to Shewanella basaltis J83T, S. gaetbuli TF-27T, S. arctica IT12T, S. vesiculosa M7T and S. aestuarii SC18T, showing 96–97 % and 85–70 % 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences similarities, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain ST-6T and the type strains of two species of the genus Shewanella were <22.6 %. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c and/ or iso-C15:0 2-OH), C16:0, iso-C13:0 and C17:1ω8c. The DNA G+C content of strain ST-6Twas 42.4 mol%, and the predominant isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone MK-7 and ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain ST-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ST-6T (= KCTC 23253T = JCM 31091T).
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Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from a show cave
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain 0511ARD5E5T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Ardales Cave (Malaga, Spain). Strain 0511ARD5E5T grew at 4–37 °C and in the presence of 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl [optimally at 25 °C and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl]. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The predominant fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c and C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 63.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 0511ARD5E5T was a member of the genus Paracoccus and was related most closely to Paracoccus aminophilus DSM 8538T and Paracoccus marinus CIP 108500T (96.93 and 96.92 % similarity, respectively). Strain 0511ARD5E5T exhibited DNA–DNA relatedness of 47 % to P. aminophilus DSM 8538T and 31 % to P. marinus CIP 108500T. Chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain 0511ARD5E5T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus , for which the name Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0511ARD5E5T (=LMG 27962T=CECT 8482T).
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Maliponia aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, coccoid- or oval-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated MM-10T, belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria , was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, Korea, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain MM-10T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MM-10T fell within the clade comprising members of the genera Mameliella, Sagittula, Antarctobacter , , and Ponticoccus . Strain MM-10T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.7 % with respect to the type strain of Mameliella alba . The DNA G+C content of strain MM-10T was 66.0 mol% and its mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness with M. alba LMG 24665T was 12.3±1.4 % . Strain MM-10T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrate that strain MM-10T is distinguishable from recognized species of the genera Mameliella, Sagittula , and Antarctobacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain MM-10T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maliponia aquimaris gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Maliponia aquimaris is MM-10T (=KCTC 42721T=CECT 8898T).
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Luteimonas arsenica sp. nov., an arsenic-tolerant bacterium isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that formed yellow and viscous colonies was isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil of the Jianghan plain, Hubei Province, China, and it was designated 26-35T. This strain was capable of resisting arsenate and arsenite with MICs of 40 and 20 mM, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene of the novel isolate displayed 96.7–94.2 % sequence similarities to those of other known species of the genus Luteimonas . The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The DNA G+C content was 71.4 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic and physiological analysis indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas , for which the name Luteimonas arsenica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 26-35T (=KCTC 42824T=CCTCC AB 2014326T).
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Chania multitudinisentens gen. nov., sp. nov., an N-acyl-homoserine-lactone-producing bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from landfill site soil
Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization was performed for bacterium RB-25T, which was isolated from a soil sample collected in a former municipal landfill site in Puchong, Malaysia. Growth occurred at 20–37 °C at pH 5–8 but not in the presence of 9 % (w/v) NaCl or higher. The principal fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH). Ubiquinone-8 was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phospholipid, phosphoaminolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. DNA G+C content was 50.9 mol% phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain RB-25T formed a distinct lineage within the family Enterobacteriaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria . It exhibited a low level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its phylogenetic neighbours Pantoea rwandensis LMG 26275T (96.6 %), Rahnella aquatilis CIP 78.65T (96.5 %), Pectobacterium betavasculorum ATCC 43762T (96.4 %), Pantoea rodasii LMG 26273T (96.3 %), Gibbsiella dentisursi NUM 1720T (96.3 %) and Serratia glossinae C1T (96.2 %). Multilocus sequence analyses based on fusA, pyrG, rplB, rpoB and sucA sequences showed a clear distinction of strain RB-25T from the most closely related genera. Isolate RB-25T could also be distinguished from members of these genera by a combination of the DNA G+C content, respiratory quinone system, fatty acid profile, polar lipid composition and other phenotypic features. Strain RB-25T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Chania multitudinisentens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RB-25T (=DSM 28811T=LMG 28304T).
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Marinicella pacifica sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-gliding, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain sw153T, was isolated from surface seawater of the South Pacific Gyre (39° 19′ S 139° 48′ W) during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329. Growth occurred at 10–42 °C (optimum 28 °C), in the presence of 1–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2 %) and at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.5–8.5). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified polar lipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The DNA G+C content of strain sw153T was 44.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain sw153T within the genus Marinicella , class Gammaproteobacteria. The most closely related species was Marinicella litoralis KMM 3900T (96.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Based on the polyphasic analyses in this study, strain sw153T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinicella , for which the name Marinicella pacifica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is sw153T (=JCM 18208T=CGMCC 1.12181T).
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Crenalkalicoccus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from alkaline hot springs
Two closely related thermophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 78023T and YIM 78058, were isolated from samples collected from two alkaline hot springs in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. The novel isolates were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic ovoid- to coccoid-shaped and non-spore-forming. Strain YIM 78023T grew at 20–60 ºC and pH 6.0–9.0 with optimal growth observed at 40–50 ºC and pH 8.0, while strain YIM 78058 grew at 25–60 ºC and pH 6.0–10.0 with optimal growth at 45–50 ºC and pH 8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated these two isolates within the family Acetobacteraceae with high sequence similarities to members of the genera Roseomonas and Belnapia (all sequence similarities <94.5 %). In addition to the above two genera, these strains also clustered with the genera Craurococcus and Paracraurococcus (having sequence similarities <93.3 %) in the phylogenetic tree, but with a distinct lineage within the family Acetobacteraceae . The major ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids observed were C18:1 ω7c, summed feature 4 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G+C contents observed for strains YIM 78023T and YIM 78058 were 74.3 and 74.0 mol%, respectively. Morphological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results suggest that strains YIM 78023T and YIM 78058 are representatives of a novel species of a new genus within the family Acetobacteraceae , for which the name Crenalkalicoccus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Crenalkalicoccus roseus is YIM 78023T (=JCM 19657T=KACC 17825T).
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Cupriavidus nantongensis sp. nov., a novel chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium isolated from sludge
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, coccoid to small rod-shaped bacterium, designated X1T, was isolated from sludge collected from the vicinity of a pesticide manufacturer in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain X1T belonged to the genus Cupriavidus , and was most closely related to Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19424T (99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Cupriavidus alkaliphilus LMG 26294T (98.9 %). Strain X1T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2–98.2 % with other species of the genus Cupriavidus . The major cellular fatty acids of strain X1T were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (summed feature 3), C18 : 1ω7c and C17 : 0 cyclo, and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The major polar lipids of strain X1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 66.6 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain X1T with the five reference strains C. taiwanensis LMG 19424T, C. alkaliphilus LMG 26294T, Cupriavidus necator LMG 8453T, Cupriavidus gilardii LMG 5886T and ‘ Cupriavidus yeoncheonense ' KCTC 42053 were lower than 70 %. The results obtained from phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characterization and DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that strain X1T should be proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Cupriavidus , for which the name Cupriavidus nantongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X1T (=KCTC 42909T=LMG 29218T).
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Characterization of the N2O-producing soil bacterium Rhizobium azooxidifex sp. nov.
More LessIn the context of studying the bacterial community involved in nitrogen transformation processes in arable soils exposed to different extents of erosion and sedimentation in a long-term experiment (CarboZALF), a strain was isolated that reduced nitrate to nitrous oxide without formation of molecular nitrogen. The presence of the functional gene nirK, encoding the respiratory copper-containing nitrite reductase, and the absence of the nitrous oxide reductase gene nosZ indicated a truncated denitrification pathway and that this bacterium may contribute significantly to the formation of the important greenhouse gas N2O. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the housekeeping genes recA and atpD demonstrated that the investigated soil isolate belongs to the genus Rhizobium . The closest phylogenetic neighbours were the type strains of Rhizobium. subbaraonis and Rhizobium. halophytocola . The close relationship with R. subbaraonis was reflected by similarity analysis of the recA and atpD genes and their amino acid positions. DNA–DNA hybridization studies revealed genetic differences at the species level, which were substantiated by analysis of the whole-cell fatty acid profile and several distinct physiological characteristics. Based on these results, it was concluded that the soil isolate represents a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium azooxidifex sp. nov. (type strain Po 20/26T=DSM 100211T=LMG 28788 T ) is proposed.
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Racemicystis crocea gen. nov., sp. nov., a soil myxobacterium in the family Polyangiaceae
More LessA novel bacterial strain designated MSr9521T was isolated in 2014 from a soil sample collected in 1986 from the Philippines. The novel bacterium shows myxobacterial characteristics that include pseudoplasmodial swarming, fruiting body formation and predatory ability to lyse microorganisms. The strain is chemoheterotrophic, mesophilic and aerobic. Major fatty acids are C18:1, C17:1 2-OH and iso-C15:0, and also contains trace amounts of omega-3/-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 70.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence shows 95–96 % closest similarity to Sorangium cellulosum DSM 14627T, Polyangium fumosum Pl fu5T, Jahnella thaxteri Pl t4T and Byssovorax cruenta By c2T. The molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the novel isolate forms a novel branch in the family Polyangiaceae , suborder Sorangiineae. Polyphasic taxonomic characterization suggests that the strain MSr9521T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Polyangiaceae, for which the name Racemicystis crocea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Racemicystis crocea is MSr9521T (=DSM 100773T=NCCB 100574T).
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Klebsiella alba is a later heterotypic synonym of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae
More LessThe taxonomic position of Klebsiella alba was re-examined. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on multilocus sequence analysis showed that Klebsiella alba LMG 24441T (=KCTC 12878T) was closely related to Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae 07A044T, showing 99.5–100 % similarities for fusA, gapA, gyrA, leuS, pyrG, rpoB, rpoB2, atpD, gyrB and infB gene sequences and concatenated partial fusA, gapA, gyrA, leuS, pyrG, rpoB2, atpD, gyrB and infB gene sequences. High sequence similarities between Klebsiella alba LMG 24441T and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae 07A044T indicated that they have the same taxonomic position. Klebsiella alba was reclassified as Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae and Klebsiella alba is a later heterotypic synonym of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae .
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Methylovulum psychrotolerans sp. nov., a cold-adapted methanotroph from low-temperature terrestrial environments, and emended description of the genus Methylovulum
Two isolates of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, strains Sph1T and Sph2, were obtained from cold methane seeps in a floodplain of the river Mukhrinskaya, Irtysh basin, West Siberia. Another morphologically and phenotypically similar methanotroph, strain OZ2, was isolated from a sediment of a subarctic freshwater lake, Archangelsk region, northern Russia. Cells of these three strains were Gram-stain-negative, light-pink-pigmented, non-motile, encapsulated, large cocci that contained an intracytoplasmic membrane system typical of type I methanotrophs. They possessed a particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme and utilized only methane and methanol. Strains Sph1T, Sph2 and OZ2 were able to grow at a pH range of 4.0–8.9 (optimum at pH 6.0–7.0) and at temperatures between 2 and 36 °C. Although their temperature optimum was at 20–25 °C, these methanotrophs grew well at lower temperatures, down to 4 °C. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0; the DNA G+C content was 51.4–51.9 mol%. Strains Sph1T, Sph2 and OZ2 displayed nearly identical (99.1–99.7 % similarity) 16S rRNA gene sequences and belonged to the family Methylococcaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria . The most closely related organism was Methylovulum miyakonense HT12T (96.0–96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 90 % pmoA sequence similarity). The novel isolates, however, differed from Methylovulum miyakonense HT12T by cell morphology, pigmentation, absence of soluble methane monooxygenase, more active growth at low temperatures, growth over a broader pH range and higher DNA G+C content. On the basis of these differences, we propose a novel species, Methylovulum psychrotolerans sp. nov., to accommodate these methanotrophs. Strain Sph1T (=LMG 29227T=VKM B-3018T) is the type strain.
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- Eukaryotic micro-organisms
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Wickerhamomyces spegazzinii sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from the fungus garden of Acromyrmex lundii nest (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
More LessA novel ascomycetous yeast species in the genus Wickerhamomyces was isolated from the fungus garden of an attine ant nest, Acromyrmex lundii (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from Santa Fe province, Argentina. Pairwise sequence alignment of D1/D2 sequences in the GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) database revealed that the novel species is related most closely to Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus, Wickerhamomyces linferdii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Wickerhamomyces siamensis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii with 96% similarity to the first four. The species name Wickerhamomyces spegazzinii sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this novel strain, which differs from the above species in melibiose, 5-keto-D-gluconate, succinate, and DL-lactate assimilation among others. The type strain is JLU025T (=CBS 12756T=CBMAI 1619T).
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- Evolution, Phylogeny and Biodiversity
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Taxonomic evaluation of species in the Streptomyces hirsutus clade using multi-locus sequence analysis and proposals to reclassify several species in this clade
More LessPrevious phylogenetic analysis of species of the genus Streptomyces based on 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in a statistically well-supported clade (100 % bootstrap value) containing eight species that exhibited very similar gross morphology in producing open looped (Retinaculum–Apertum) to spiral (Spira) chains of spiny- to hairysurfaced, dark green spores on their aerial mycelium. The type strains of the species in this clade, specifically Streptomyces bambergiensis, Streptomyces cyanoalbus, Streptomyces emeiensis, Streptomyces hirsutus, Streptomyces prasinopilosus , , , , and Streptomyces prasinus , were subjected to multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) utilizing partial sequences of the housekeeping genes atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB to clarify their taxonomic status. The type strains of several recently described species with similar gross morphology, including Streptomyces chlorus, Streptomyces herbaceus, Streptomyces incanus, Streptomyces pratens , , , and Streptomyces viridis , were also studied along with six unidentified green-spored Streptomyces strains from the ARS Culture Collection. The MLSAs suggest that three of the species under study ( S. bambergiensis, S. cyanoalbus , and S. emeiensis ) represent synonyms of other previously described species ( S. prasinus, S. hirsutus , and S. prasinopilosus , respectively). These relationships were confirmed through determination of in silico DNA–DNA hybridization estimates based on draft genome sequences. The five recently described species appear to be phylogenetically distinct but the unidentified strains from the ARS Culture Collection could be identified as representatives of S. hirsutus, S. prasinopilosus , or S. prasinus .
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- Letter to the Editor
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- Taxonomic Note
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Formation of names of genera of prokaryotes that end on -oides or -opsis. A proposal for addenda to Rule 65(2) and Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
More LessIn view of the current confusion about the correct gender of genus names ending on –oides, and possible confusion in the future for genus names ending on –opsis, we propose non-retroactive addenda to Rule 65(2) and Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes so that new genera to be formed by adding the ending –oides to the stem of an existing genus name or another (Neo-) Latin word must be treated as neuter and genus names ending on –opsis are to be treated as feminine.
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- Erratum
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Erratum to Paraclostridium benzoelyticum gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment and reclassification of Clostridium bifermentans as Paraclostridium bifermentans comb. nov. Proposal of a new genus Paeniclostridium gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium ghonii
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- Corrigendum
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)