- Volume 66, Issue 11, 2016
Volume 66, Issue 11, 2016
- Validation List
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
More LessThe purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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- Notification List
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- New taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov.
More LessThe genus Propionibacterium in the family Propionibacteriaceaeconsists of species of various habitats, including mature cheese, cattle rumen and human skin. Traditionally, these species have been grouped as either classical or cutaneous propionibacteria based on characteristic phenotypes and source of isolation. To re-evaluate the taxonomy of the family and to elucidate the interspecies relatedness we compared 162 public whole-genome sequences of strains representing species of the family Propionibacteriaceae . We found substantial discrepancies between the phylogenetic signals of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and our high-resolution core-genome analysis. To accommodate these discrepancies, and to address the long-standing issue of the taxonomically problematic Propionibacterium propionicum , we propose three novel genera, Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov., and an amended description of the genus Propionibacterium . Furthermore, our genome-based analyses support the amounting evidence that the subdivision of Propionibacterium freudenreichii into subspecies is not warranted. Our proposals are supported by phylogenetic analyses, DNA G+C content, peptidoglycan composition and patterns of the gene losses and acquisitions in the cutaneous propionibacteria during their adaptation to the human host.
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Brevibacterium massiliense (Roux and Raoult 2009) is a later heterotypic synonym of Brevibacterium ravenspurgense (Mages, Frodl, Bernard and Funke 2009), using whole-genome sequence analysis as a comparative tool
A patient strain derived from urine was found by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related (99.6 % identity) to sequences derived from both Brevibacterium ravenspurgense CCUG 56047T and Brevibacterium massilienseCCUG 53855T. Those species had been described during the same 11 month period in 2008–2009. Further characterization revealed that those isolates could not be readily distinguished from each other biochemically, by cellular fatty acids, antimicrobial susceptibility, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing or by whole-genome sequence (WGS) analyses. By WGS comparison, these isolates had an aerage nucleotide identity using blastn (ANIb) scores of 95.7 % or higher to each other, DNA G+C content in the range of 62.3 mol%–62.4 mol%, with genome sizes ranging from 2.28×106 to 2.41×106 bases. Based on these data, we propose that the name B. massiliense is a later heterotypic synonym of B. ravenspurgense and provide an emended description of B. ravenspurgense .
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Microbacterium faecale sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of Columba livia
More LessA novel, yellow, aerobic strain, YIM 101168T, isolated from the faeces of a dove (Columba livia), was studied to determine its taxonomic position. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile. The strain could grow at 7–37 °C, at pH 6-10 and in the presence of 0–13 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness value with Microbacterium gubbeenense NCIMB 30129T of 97.8 % and 41.5±8.7 %, respectively. Ornithine was detected as the diagnostic amino acid in the hydrolysate of the cell wall. Whole-cell sugars were found to be galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose and ribose. Major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Major menaquinones were identified as MK-10, MK-11 and MK-12. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and four unidentified lipids. The phylogenetic analyses as well as the chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics indicate that strain YIM 101168T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium ; the name Microbacterium faecale sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species and the type strain is YIM 101168T (=DSM 27232T=KCTC 39554T=CGMCC 1.15152T).
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Emended description of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii and designation of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense comb. nov.
Enrico Tortoli, Thomas A. Kohl, Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, Alberto Trovato, Sylvia Cardoso Leão, Maria Jesus Garcia, Sruthi Vasireddy, Christine Y. Turenne, David E. Griffith, Julie V. Philley, Rossella Baldan, Silvia Campana, Lisa Cariani, Carla Colombo, Giovanni Taccetti, Antonio Teri, Stefan Niemann, Richard J. Wallace Jr. and Daniela M. CirilloThe taxonomic position of members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex has been the subject of intensive investigation and, in some aspects confusion, in recent years as a result of varying approaches to genetic data interpretation. Currently, the former species Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii are grouped together as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii . They differ greatly, however, as the former M. bolletii has a functional erm(41) gene that confers inducible resistance to macrolides, the primary therapeutic antimicrobials for M. abscessus , while in the former M. massiliense the erm(41) gene is non-functional. Furthermore, previous whole genome studies of the M. abscessus group support the separation of M. bolletii and M. massiliense . To shed further light on the population structure of Mycobacterium abscessus , 43 strains and three genomes retrieved from GenBank were subjected to pairwise comparisons using three computational approaches: verage ucleotide dentity, enome to enome istance and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. The three methods produced overlapping results, each demonstrating three clusters of strains corresponding to the same number of taxonomic entities. The distances were insufficient to warrant distinction at the species level, but met the criteria for differentiation at the subspecies level. Based on prior erm(41)-related phenotypic data and current genomic data, we conclude that the species M. abscessus encompasses, in adjunct to the presently recognized subspecies M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii , a third subspecies for which we suggest the name M. abscessus subsp. massiliense comb. nov. (type strain CCUG 48898T=CIP 108297T=DSM 45103T=KCTC 19086T).
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Mycobacterium sarraceniae sp. nov. and Mycobacterium helvum sp. nov., isolated from the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea
More LessSeveral fast- to intermediate-growing, acid-fast, scotochromogenic bacteria were isolated from Sarracenia purpurea pitcher waters in Minnesota sphagnum peat bogs. Two strains (DL734T and DL739T) were among these isolates. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the phylogenetic positions of both strains is in the genus Mycobacterium with no obvious relation to any characterized type strains of mycobacteria. Phenotypic characterization revealed that neither strain was similar to the type strains of known species of the genus Mycobacterium in the collective properties of growth, pigmentation or fatty acid composition. Strain DL734T grew at temperatures between 28 and 32 °C, was positive for 3-day arylsulfatase production, and was negative for Tween 80 hydrolysis, urease and nitrate reduction. Strain DL739T grew at temperatures between 28 and 37 °C, and was positive for Tween 80 hydrolysis, urea, nitrate reduction and 3-day arylsulfatase production. Both strains were catalase-negative while only DL739T grew with 5 % NaCl. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were unique for each strain. DL739T showed an ability to survive at 8 °C with little to no cellular replication and is thus considered to be psychrotolerant. Therefore, strains DL734T and DL739T represent two novel species of the genus Mycobacterium with the proposed names Mycobacterium sarraceniae sp. nov. and Mycobacterium helvum sp. nov., respectively. The type strains are DL734T (=JCM 30395T=NCCB 100519T) and DL739T (=JCM 30396T=NCCB 100520T), respectively.
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Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. nov., isolated from Halimione portulacoides, which contains diaminobutyric acid in its cell wall, and emended description of the genus Microbacterium
More LessThree actinobacterial strains were isolated from roots of the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides collected in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Molecular typing using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed the strains to be highly similar. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using gyrB, rpoB, recA and ppk and 16S rRNA genes sequences showed that the strains represented a member of the genus Microbacterium , with Microbacterium lacus DSM 18910T as the closest phylogenetic relative. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain RZ63T and its closest relative was below 70 %, supporting the hypothesis that it represented a distinct genomic species. Chemotaxonomic analyses of the novel strains and their DNA G+C contents confirmed their affiliation to the genus Microbacterium , however, the peptidoglycan of RZ63T contained diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. In addition, physiological and fatty acid analyses revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic relatives, reinforcing their status as a distinct species. Based on the physiological, genetic and chemotaxonomic characterisation it is proposed that the strains studied represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium for which the name Microbacterium diaminobutyricum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain RZ63T=DSM 27101T=CECT 8355T).
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Mycobacterium oryzae sp. nov., a scotochromogenic, rapidly growing species is able to infect human macrophage cell line
More LessGram-stain-positive, acid-fast-positive, rapidly growing, rod-shaped bacteria (designated as strains JC290T, JC430 and JC431) were isolated from paddy cultivated soils on the Western Ghats of India. Phylogenetic analysis placed the three strains among the rapidly growing mycobacteria, being most closely related to Mycobacterium tokaiense 47503T (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Mycobacterium murale MA112/96T (98.8 %) and a few other Mycobacterium species. The level of DNA–DNA reassociation of the three strains with M. tokaiense DSM 44635T was 23.4±4 % (26.1±3 %, reciprocal analysis) and 21.4±2 % (22.1±4 %, reciprocal analysis). The three novel strains shared >99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA reassociation values >85 %. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences (3071 bp) of four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and sodA) revealed that strain JC290T is clearly distinct from all other Mycobacterium species. The three strains had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannosides, unidentified phospholipids, unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified lipid as polar lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone for all three strains was MK-9(H2). Fatty acids were C17 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c and C19 : 1 ω7c/C19 : 1 ω6c for all the three strains. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, it was concluded that strains JC290T, JC430 and JC431 are members of a novel species within the genus Mycobacterium and for which the name Mycobacterium oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC290T (=KCTC 39560T=LMG 28809T).
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Williamsia herbipolensis sp. nov., isolated from the phyllosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana
A Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming actinobacterium (ARP1T) was isolated from the phyllosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny strain ARP1T was placed into the genus Williamsia and the closest related species were Williamsia phyllosphaerae (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Williamsia deligens (98.5 %), Williamsia maris (98.3 %) and Williamsia serinedens (98.2 %). Genome-based comparison indicated a clear distinction to the type strains of those species with pairwise average nucleotide identities (ANI) between 76.4–78.4 %. The quinone system of strain ARP1T consisted predominantly of menaquinones MK-9(H2), MK-7(H2) and MK-8(H2), and the polar lipid profile contained the major compound diphosphatidylglycerol, and moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and numerous unidentified lipids. Mycolic acids were present. These chemotaxonomic traits and the major fatty acids, which were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and tuberculostearic acid supported the affiliation of strain ARP1T to the genus Williamsia . Genotypic, physiological and biochemical testing revealed clear differences of strain ARP1T to the most closely related species of the genus Williamsia . Therefore strain ARP1T represents a novel species of this genus, for which the name Williamsia herbipolensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ARP1T (=DSM 46872T=LMG 28679T).
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Nocardia jiangsuensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from coastal soil
A novel actinomycete strain, designated strain KLBMP S0027T, was isolated from a coastal soil collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China, and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to Nocardia harenae WS-26T (98.5 %), Nocardia asiatica NBRC 100129T (98.5 %), Nocardia abscessus NBRC 100374T (98.2 %), Nocardia brasiliensis NBRC 14402T (98.2 %) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica NBRC 100375T (98 %), respectively. The strain showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Nocardia . The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type IV), and whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. Strain KLBMP S0027T contained MK-8(H4ω-cycl) as the predominant menaquinone; C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown glycolipid and two unknown lipids. Mycolic acids were detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 70.5 %. However, a combination of DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain KLBMP S0027T could be clearly distinguished from the type strain of the most closely related species, N. harenae WS-26T. On the basis of the data presented from a polyphasic study, it was evident that this strain should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardia , for which the name Nocardia jiangsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP S0027T (=CGMCC 4.7330T=KCTC 39691T).
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Microbacterium aureliae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish
The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain JF-6T, isolated from Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, collected from the Bay of Bengal coast, Kanyakumari, India, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium . Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JF-6T with sequences from Microbacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-YT, Microbacterium yannicii G72T, Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum IFO 15077T, Microbacterium flavescens DSM 20643T, Microbacterium insulae DS-66T, Microbacterium resistens DMMZ 1710T and Microbacterium thalassium IFO 16060T revealed similarities of 98.95, 98.76, 98.43, 98.41, 98.41, 98.26 and 98.22 %, respectively. However, the levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it represents a novel species within the genus. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. The major menaquinones detected for strain JF-6T were MK-13 and MK-12. The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ornithine and the peptidoglycan was type B2β (Glu/Hyg–Gly–d-Orn). The DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. Based on these differences, strain JF-6T (=MTCC 11843T=JCM 30060T=KCTC 39828T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Microbacterium , for which the name Microbacterium aureliae sp. nov. is proposed.
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Brachybacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from seawater
A pale-yellowish bacterium, strain KWS-1T, was isolated from seawater during a study of the bacterial diversity of the marine environment of the Kanyakumari coastal region of the Bay of Bengal, India, and was studied by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain KWS-1T had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties (cell-wall diamino acid, menaquinone and fatty acid profile) consistent with its classification in the genus Brachybacterium . Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain KWS-1T was related most closely to Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum JCM 17781T, followed by Brachybacterium saurashtrense DSM 23186T, Brachybacterium gingengisoli JCM 19356T, Brachybacterium faecium JCM 11609T and Brachybacterium conglomeratum JCM 11608T (98.45, 98.24, 98.12, 98.10 and 98.10 % similarity, respectively), whereas the sequence similarity values with respect to the other Brachybacterium species with validly published names were between 97.4 and 94.2 %. However, the DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain KWS-1T and the five most closely related species were less than the threshold value for species discrimination. The major lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine and the major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of strain KWS-1T was 71.8 mol%. The above data in combination with the phenotypic distinctiveness of strain KWS-1T from other reference strains clearly indicate that the strain represents a novel species, for which the name Brachybacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KWS-1T (=MTCC 11836T=DSM 28796T=JCM 30059T).
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Reclassification of Amycolicicoccus subflavus as Hoyosella subflava comb. nov. and emended descriptions of the genus Hoyosella and Hoyosella altamirensis
16S rRNA gene sequences of two type strains belonging to different genera within the suborder Corynebacterineae , namely Hoyosella altamirensis and Amycolicicoccus subflavus , show a similarity of 99.8 %. Therefore, in order to clarify their taxonomic relationship, a polyphasic recharacterization under the same conditions was carried out. The peptidoglycan of H. altamirensis NBRC 109631T and A. subflavus NBRC 109087T was of A1γ type with meso-diaminopimelic acid as their diagnostic diamino acid. Both strains contained MK-8 as the only detected menaquinone, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c as the major fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the principal polar lipids. The coincidences of these chemotaxonomic features suggested that H. altamirensis and A. subflavus should be assigned to the same genus. Meanwhile, the average nucleotide identity value between both strains and the results of physiological and biochemical tests indicated that H. altamirensis and A. subflavus should be affiliated to different species. Therefore, according to Rules 38 and 41a of the Bacteriological Code, it is proposed that Amycolicicoccus subflavus Wang et al. 2010 be reclassified as Hoyosella subflava comb. nov. (type strain DQS3-9A1T=CGMCC 4.3532T=DSM 45089T=JCM 17490T=NBRC 109087T) and the descriptions of the genus Hoyosella Jurado et al. 2009 and Hoyosella altamirensis Jurado et al. 2009 are emended accordingly.
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Hoyosella rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa, and emended description of the genus Hoyosella
More LessA halotolerant actinobacterium, designated J12GA03T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Suaeda salsa collected from a dried saline lake in Hebei Province, China. Cells were Gram-staining-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming cocci. Strain J12GA03T grew optimally at 28‒37 °C, 0‒3 % NaCl (w/v) and pH 6.5‒7.5. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and arabinose, galactose and ribose as the diagnostic whole-cell sugars. MK-8 and MK-7 were detected as predominant menaquinones. Major fatty acids were C17 : 1 ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipids, glycolipids, unidentified phospholipids and additional lipids. The muramyl residue was acetyl. Mycolic acids (34–38 carbon atoms) were present. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.8 mol%. It shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Amycolicicoccus subflavus DQS3-9A1T (98.18 %) and Hoyosella altamirensis OFN S31T (97.75 %). Phylogenetic trees showed that strain J12GA03T firmly formed a distinct monophyletic branch in the clade with A . subflavus DQS3-9A1T and H . altamirensis DSM 45258T. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with A . subflavus DSM 45089T and H . altamirensis DSM 45258T were 39.7±3.9 % and 35.7±3.0 %, respectively. Combining the evidence from the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain J12GA03T represents a novel species of the genus Hoyosella , for which the name Hoyosella rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J12GA03T (=DSM 101985T=CGMCC 1.15478T).
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Micromonospora profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated DS3010T, was isolated from a Black Sea marine sediment and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain was shown to have chemotaxonomic, morphological and phylogenetic properties consistent with classification as representing a member of the genus Micromonospora . Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the strain was most closely related to the type strains of Micromonospora saelicesensis (99.5 %), Micromonospora chokoriensis (99.4 %) and Micromonospora violae (99.3 %). Similarly, a corresponding analysis based on partial gyrB gene sequences showed that it formed a distinct phyletic branch in a subclade that included the type strains of Micromonosporazamorensis, ‘ Micromonospora zeae ’, ‘ Micromonospora jinlongensis ’, M. saelicesensis and Micromonospora lupini . DS3010T was distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbours by low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness and by a combination of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the isolate should be assigned to the genus Micromonospora as Micromonospora profundi sp. nov. with isolate DS3010T (=DSM 45981T=KCTC 29243T) as the type strain.
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Actinocrispum wychmicini gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae, isolated from soil
More LessA novel actinomycete, designated MI503-A4T, was isolated from soil. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that MI503-A4T was phylogenetically related to members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae . The most closely related genus was Kibdelosporangium (95.7–96.2 % sequence similarity). Substrate mycelia were branched and pale yellow to pale yellowish-brown. Straight- to zigzag-shaped aerial mycelia were observed, but Sporangium-like structures were absent. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan were N-acetylated. Whole-cell sugars were rhamnose, ribose, arabinose and galactose (cell wall chemotype IV). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). A small amount of MK-8(H4) was also detected. The DNA G+C content was 70.3–71.1 mol%. Polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine. Cellular fatty acid analysis of MI503-A4T detected predominantly iso-C14 : 0 (11.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (13.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (35.7 %). Phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics differentiated MI503-A4T from members of all genera within the family Pseudonocardiaceae with validly published names. Therefore, MI503-A4T is proposed to be a representative of a novel species in a novel genus, Actinocrispum wychmicini gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is MI503-A4T (=NBRC 109632T=DSM 45934T).
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Saccharothrix isguenensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated MB27T, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in Mzab region (Ghardaïa province, South Algeria). Strain MB27T was characterized following a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This strain produced a branched and fragmented substrate mycelium, which was found to have a yellowish orange colour. A white scanty aerial mycelium was produced on most media tested. Chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies clearly demonstrated that strain MB27T belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and is closely related to the genus Saccharothrix . Cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid but not glycine, and whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, ribose and small amounts of mannose and rhamnose. The detected phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Mycolic acids were not detected while the predominant fatty acid was iso-branched hexadecanoate (iso-C16 : 0). The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain MB27T shairs the highest degree of similarity with Saccharothrix ecbatanensis DSM 45486T (99.8%), S accharothrix hoggarensis DSM 45457T (99.3 %), S accharothrix longispora DSM 43749T (98.6 %) and S accharothrix yanglingensis DSM 45665T (98.6 %). However, it exhibited only 11-42 % DNA–DNA relatedness to the neighbouring Saccharothrix species. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA–DNA hybridization, strain MB27T is shown to represent a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix , for which the name Saccharothrix isguenensis sp. nov. (type strain MB27T=DSM 46885T=CECT 9045T) is proposed.
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Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. nov., isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil
More LessA novel filamentous bacterial strain, A-T 5400T, which developed subglobose sporangia at the end of sporangiophores on substrate mycelia, was isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil collected in Thailand. The taxonomic position of this micro-organism was described using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain A-T 5400T belonged to the genus Actinoplanes and was most closely related to ‘ Actinoplanes hulinensis ' NEAU-M9 (98.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Actinoplanes philippinensis NBRC 13878T (98.75 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values that distinguished the novel strain from the closest species were below 70 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were ribose, galactose, glucose and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids C16 : 1, branched fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. Following evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the new isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes named Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. nov. The type strain is A-T 5400T (=BCC 42734T=TBRC 5832T=NBRC 109645T).
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Streptomyces ovatisporus sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment
More LessThe taxonomic position of a Gram-staining-positive strain, designated strain S4702T was isolated from a marine sediment collected from the southern Black Sea coast, Turkey, determined using a polyphasic approach. The isolate was found to have chemotaxonomic, morphological and phylogenetic properties consistent with its classification as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces and formed a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree. S4702T was found to be most closely related to the type strains of Streptomyces marinus (DSM 41968T; 97.8 % sequence similarity) and Streptomyces abyssalis (YIM M 10400T; 97.6 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other members of the genus Streptomyces were lower than 97.5 %. DNA–DNA relatedness of S4702T and the most closely related strain S. marinus DSM 41968T was 21.0 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.5 mol%. The cell wall of the strain contained l,l-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H8). The polar lipid profile of S4702T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. S4702T could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbours using a combination of chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties. Consequently, it is proposed that S4702T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces ovatisporus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4702T (DSM 42103T=KCTC 29206T=CGMCC 4.7357T).
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Blastococcus capsensis sp. nov., isolated from an archaeological Roman pool and emended description of the genus Blastococcus, B. aggregatus, B. saxobsidens, B. jejuensis and B. endophyticus
A novel Gram-reaction-positive actinobacterium, designated BMG 804T, was isolated from an archaeological Roman pool located in Gafsa, Tunisia. The strain grew as dry bright orange colonies at 30 °C and pH 6.0–8.0. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. The whole-cell sugars consisted of glucose, rhamnose and ribose. Polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The fatty acid profile contained major amounts (>5 %) of C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 1ω7c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 1H. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of BMG 804T showed 99.4 % as highest sequence similarity with Blastococcus saxobsidens . DNA–DNA hybridization between strain BMG 804T and B. saxobsidens DSM 44509T was 48.6±6.6 %. The G+C content of the DNA was 73.7 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including DNA–DNA hybridization results, BMG 804T (=DSM 46835T=CECT 8876T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species Blastococcus capsensis sp. nov. Emended descriptions of the genus Blastococcus and the species Blastococcus aggregatus , B. saxobsidens , Blastococcus jejuensis and Blastococcus endophyticus are also proposed.
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- Archaea
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Methanomicrobium antiquum sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic methanogen isolated from deep sedimentary aquifers in a natural gas field
A mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, designated strain MobHT, was isolated from sediments derived from deep sedimentary, natural-gas-bearing aquifers in Japan. Strain MobHT utilized H2/CO2 or formate, but not ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol, for growth and methane production. In addition, acetate and tungsten were required for growth. Yeast extract stimulated the growth, but was not required. The cells were weakly motile with multiple flagella, presented as a curved-rod-shaped (0.8×2.0 µm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Strain MobHT grew at 15–40 °C (optimum 35 °C) and at pH 5.9–7.9 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The sodium chloride range for growth was 0–5.8 % (optimum 2 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.6 mol%. In the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain MobHT clustered together with Methanomicrobium mobile (95.4 % in sequence similarity), and formed a distinct clade from Methanolacinia petrolearia SEBR 4847T (95.6 %) and Methanolacinia paynteri G-2000T (95.4 %). The two species of the genus Methanolacinia utilized 2-propanol, whereas strain MobHT and Methanomicrobium mobile , the sole species of the genus Methanomicrobium , do not. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic features, we propose a novel species for the isolate with the name, Methanomicrobium antiquum sp. nov. The type strain is MobHT (=DSM 21220T=NBRC 104160T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Flavihumibacter sediminis sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment
More LessA yellow, Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated CJ663T, was isolated from the tidal flat sediment in Ganghwa-do, South Korea. Strain CJ663T grew optimally on R2A at 30 °C and pH 7.0 and did not require NaCl for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain CJ663T belonged to the genus Flavihumibacter within the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to Flavihumibacter cheonanensis KACC 17467T (98.3 % similarity), followed by Flavihumibacter solisilvae KACC 17917T (97.4 %). DNA–DNA relatedness levels of strain CJ663T were 42.9 % to F. cheonanensis KACC 17467T and 48.6 % to F. solisilvae KACC 17917T. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain CJ663T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.7 mol%. On the basis of data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ663T represents a novel species in the genus Flavihumibacter , for which name Flavihumibacter sediminis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CJ663T (=KACC 18874T=JCM 31431T).
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Lacinutrix cladophorae sp. nov., a flavobacterium isolated from the green alga Cladophora stimpsonii, transfer of Flavirhabdus iliipiscaria Shakeela et al. 2015 to the genus Lacinutrix as Lacinutrix iliipiscaria comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Lacinutrix
More LessA strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 7Alg 4T, was isolated from the green alga Cladophora stimpsonii. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strain was affiliated to the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes , and was most closely related to the recognized species of the genera Lacinutrix and Flavirhabdus , with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.1–98.1 and 97.0 %, respectively. Strain 7Alg 4T grew in the presence of 1–5 % NaCl and at 4–32 °C, and hydrolysed aesculin, gelatin, starch and Tween 80. The prevalent fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile was characterized by the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 31.9 mol%. On the basis of the differences in 16S rRNA gene sequences, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain 7Alg 4T represents a novel species of the genus Lacinutrix , for which the name Lacinutrix cladophorae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7Alg 4T (=KCTC 23036T=KMM 6381T). Reclassification of Flavirhabdus iliipiscaria as Lacinutrix iliipiscaria comb. nov. and an emend of the genus Lacinutrix are also proposed.
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Arvibacter flaviflagrans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
More LessDuring a study of the bacterial community in forest soil of Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea, a glistening yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C-1-16T, was isolated. This strain was non-sporulating, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. It was able to grow at 20–42 °C, at pH 6.0–9.0 and with 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. This strain was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain C-1-16T formed a lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and closely related to the genera Filimonas (93.53 % sequence similarity), Sediminibacterium (92.52–90.75 %), Lacibacter (91.99–91.19 %) and Parasegetibacter (91.88–91.78 %). Flexirubin-type pigment was present for strain C-1-16T. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain C-1-16T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 45.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain C-1-16T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae , for which the name Arvibacter flaviflagrans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arvibacter flaviflagrans is C-1-16T (=KEMB 900-374T=KACC 18717T=JCM 31293T).
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Pontibacter rugosus sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KYW1030T, was isolated from seawater collected from the Gwangyang bay (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The strain contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content was 46 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW1030T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Pontibacter , with Pontibacter akesuensis AKS 1T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbour. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain KYW1030T from the related members of the genus Pontibacter . On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species, Pontibacter rugosus sp. nov., is proposed for strain KYW1030T (=KACC 18739T=JCM 31319T).
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Pontibacter virosus sp. nov., isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated dumpsite
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as W14T, was isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated dumpsite located in the northern part of India at Ummari Village, Lucknow. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain belongs to the genus Pontibacter with highest sequence similarity to Pontibacter lucknowensis DM9T (98.1 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain W14T and members of other species of the genus Pontibacter ranged from 98.1 to 94.2 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain W14T and P. lucknowensis DM9T was 33.7 % and with other closely related strains was found to be less than 20 %, confirming it to represent a novel species. The DNA G+C content of strain W14T was 51.3 mol%. Strain W14T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 iso I/anteiso B and C17 : 1 anteiso B/iso I), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain W14T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid and glycolipid. On the basis of the results obtained from DNA–DNA hybridization, biochemical and physiological tests in this study, strain W14T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter , for which the name Pontibacter virosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W14T (=MCC 2932T=DSM 100231T=KCTC 42941T).
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Rufibacter ruber sp. nov., isolated from fragmentary rock
A red-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain CCM 8646T, was isolated from stone fragments in James Ross Island, Antarctica. Strain CCM 8646T was able to grow from 10 to 40 °C, in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0–11.0. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain CCM 8646T in the genus Rufibacter with the closest relative being Rufibacter roseus H359T (97.07 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CCM 8646T and R. roseus H359T were low (21.30±2.34 %). The major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown aminoglycolipid and six unknown polar lipids. The G+C content of strain CCM 8646T was 51.54 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotyping results, strain CCM 8646T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Rufibacter , for which the name Rufibacter ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCM 8646T (=LMG 29438T).
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Sphingobacterium jejuense sp. nov., with ginsenoside-converting activity, isolated from compost
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, light yellow, short-rod bacterium (designated GJ30-7T) isolated from compost, was characterized using a polyphasic approach, in order to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain GJ30-7T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on R2A agar medium. Strain Gsoil GJ30-7T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc (the two main active components of ginseng) to ginsenoside F2. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, indicated that GJ30-7T belongs to the genus Sphingobacterium of the family Sphingobacteriaceae and was most closely related to Sphingobacterium yanglingense JCM 30166T (92.6 %), Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum KACC 18188T (92.6 %), and Sphingobacterium thermophilum KCTC 23708T (92.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 43 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospolipid and one unknown polar lipid. In contrast to standard and reference strains, unidentified sphingolipid was also present. The predominant fatty acids of strain GJ30-7T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl (summed feature 9), supporting the affiliation of strain GJ30-7T to the genus Sphingobacterium . However, strain GJ30-7T could be distinguished genotypically and phenotypically from species of the genus Sphingobacterium with validly published names. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingobacterium jejuense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GJ30-7T (=KACC 18625T=JCM 30948T).
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Sediminibacterium aquarii sp. nov., isolated from sediment in a fishbowl
More LessA novel bacterial strain, designated AA5T, was isolated from sediment in a fishbowl. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and strictly aerobic, showing gliding motility. Strain AA5T was able to grow at 15–37 °C, at pH 5.0–8.0 and in the absence of NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain AA5T was most closely related to species in the genus Sediminibacterium , showing highest similarity to the type strain of S.ediminibacterium goheungense (96.6 %). Concordantly, a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AA5T belongs to the genus Sediminibacterium . The DNA G+C content was 44.7 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids, two unknown aminophospholipids and four unidentified polar lipids. The only respiratory quinone of strain AA5T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain AA5T represents a novel species, for which the name Sediminibacterium aquarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AA5T (=KACC 18509T=JCM 31013T).
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Mucilaginibacter puniceus sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater
More LessA non-motile, rod-shaped and pale-pink bacterium, designated strain WS71T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo Wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The strain contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the DNA G+C content was 39.4±0.4 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that WS71T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of genus Mucilaginibacterwith Mucilaginibacter. soyangensis HME6664T as its nearest neighbor (98.3 % sequence similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness between WS71T and M. soyangensis HME6664T was 61.3±1.0 %. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished WS71T from the other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter . On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, WS71T represents a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacter puniceus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS71T (=KCTC 32270T=JCM 19495T).
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Taxonomic reassessment of the genus Elizabethkingia using whole-genome sequencing: Elizabethkingia endophytica Kämpfer et al. 2015 is a later subjective synonym of Elizabethkingia anophelis Kämpfer et al. 2011
More LessThe taxonomic status of all species of the genus Elizabethkingia was re-evaluated by comparative genomics based on whole-genome sequencing. From these results it is clear that Elizabethkingia endophytica is a later subjective synonym of Elizabethkingia anophelis . In addition, genome-based analysis revealed the misidentification of isolates previously identified by traditional approaches and indicates the presence of two more species. We propose a more rapid identification scheme on the basis of an in silico PCR assay derived from comparative genomics of whole-genome sequences (WGS) from 29 well-curated strains.
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Pedobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, light-pink-pigmented, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated V5RDT, was isolated from soil of Damxung county in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Strain V5RDT grew luxuriously at 10 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain V5RDT in the genus Pedobacter and found that it was most closely related to Pedobacter alluvionis DSM 19624T (97.3 %), Pedobacter ginsenosidimutans JCM 16721T (96.84 %), Pedobacter agri DSM 19486T (96.28 %), Pedobacter roseus JCM 13399T (96.22 %), Pedobacter sandarakinus KCTC 12559T (95.92 %) and Pedobacter borealis DSM 19626T (95.85 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain V5RDT was 37.40 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness for the type strain V5RDT with respect to its closest phylogenetic relative, P . alluvionis DSM 19624T, was 62.5±1.7 %. The polar lipid profile of the strain consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH were the major fatty acids. With respect to phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and phylogenetic inference, strain V5RDT represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is V5RDT (=CGMCC 1.15644T=DSM 103236T).
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Mucilaginibacter fluminis sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater river
More LessA bacterial strain, designated TTM-2T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Caohu River in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain TTM-2T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, non-motile, rod-shaped and covered by large capsules; they formed light pink colonies. Growth occurred at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 4–8 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %, w/v). Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain TTM-2T belonged to the genus Mucilaginibacter . The sequence similarities between the 16S rRNA genes of strain TTM-2T and the type strains of other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter ranged from 93.6 to 97.4 %. The closest relatives of strain TTM-2T were Mucilaginibacter soli R9-65T (97.4 %) and Mucilaginibacte defluvii A5T (97.1 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (36.9 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 33.7 %). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain TTM-2T with respect to species of the genus Mucilaginibacterwith validly published names was less than 70 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain TTM-2T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Mucilaginibacter fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TTM-2T (=BCRC 80785T=LMG 28455T=KCTC 42274T).
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Marinifilum albidiflavum sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, filamentous, and yellowish-white-pigmented marine bacterium, designated strain FB208T, was isolated from marine sediment obtained off the coastal area of Weihai, China. Cells of strain FB208T were filamentous during exponential growth, fragmented to rods in the stationary growth phase and became spherical in aged cultures. It grew optimally at 33 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain FB208T was found to be closely related to Marinifilum flexuosum DSM 21950T (96.9 % similarity) and Marinifilum fragile JCM 15579T (96.4 %), with less than 90.0 % sequence similarity to other genera of the class Bacteroidia . Phylogenetic analysis, also based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, placed strain FB208T in the genus Marinifilum , family Marinifilaceae . The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain FB208T was identified as menaquinone MK-7. The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c, and the major polar lipids were an unidentified lipid and aminophospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 43.8 mol%. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain FB208T represents a novel species of the genus Marinifilum , for which the name Marinifilum albidiflavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FB208T (=KCTC 42591T=MCCC 1H00113T).
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Polaribacter marinaquae sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, strictly aerobic strain, designated RZW3-2T, was isolated from seawater from near the Yellow Sea coast of PR China (35.475° N 119.613° E). The organism grew optimally between 24 and 28 °C, at pH 6.0–7.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain requires seawater or artificial seawater for growth and NaCl alone does not support growth. RZW3-2T contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the dominant fatty acids. The respiratory quinone detected in RZW3-2T was menaquinone 6 (MK6). The polar lipids of RZW3-2T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified phospholipids (PL), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and one unknown lipid (L). The DNA G+C content of RZW3-2T was 30.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain was related most closely to Polaribacter reichenbachii KCTC 23969T, Polaribacter dokdonensis KCTC 12392T and Polaribacter irgensii CIP 106478T with 98.0, 97.8 and 97.0 % sequence similarities, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between RZW3-2T and its closest phylogenetic relatives, P. reichenbachii KCTC 23969T and P. dokdonensis KCTC 12392T, were 52.0±0.6 % and 49.8±1.21 % respectively. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, RZW3-2T represents a novel species of the genus Polaribacter , for which the name Polaribacter marinaquae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RZW3-2T (=JCM 30825T=KCTC 42664T=MCCC 1K00696T).
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Flavihumibacter stibioxidans sp. nov., an antimony-oxidizing bacterium isolated from antimony mine soil
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YS-17T, was isolated from soil in the Lengshuijiang antimony mine, Hunan Province, China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis clustered it with Flavihumibacter strains, and strain YS-17T was most closely related to Flavihumibacter cheonanensis WS16T (97.2 % similarity), Flavihumibacter petaseus T41T (96.6 %) and Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T (96.5 %). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YS-17T and F. cheonanensis JCM 19322T was 35.5±0.1 % (n=2). The major respiratory quinone of strain YS-17T was menaquinone-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified amino lipids and phospholipid. The major fatty acids (≥5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, unknown ECL 13.565, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. Compared with other Flavihumibacter strains, strain YS-17T showed major biophysical and biochemical differences, with the ability to hydrolyse gelatin and to assimilate salicin and l-proline. The results demonstrated that strain YS-17T belongs to the genus Flavihumibacter and represents a novel species, for which the name Flavihumibacter stibioxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YS-17T (=CCTCC AB 2016053T=KCTC 52205T).
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Haoranjiania flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Chitinophagaceae, isolated from activated sludge
A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and short rod-shaped bacterium, strain LIP-5T, isolated from an activated sludge in a pesticide factory in Xinyi, China, was investigated for its taxonomic position by a polyphasic approach. Cell growth occurred at 16–42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), in the presence of 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, without NaCl) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate was a member of the family Chitinophagaceae , with the closest relatives being Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae Vu-144T (93.5 % similarity), followed by Heliimonas saccharivorans L2-4T (90.5 %) and Chitinophaga ginsengisoli Gsoil 052T (89.6 %). Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified lipids were the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain LIP-5T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and there were also moderate amounts of iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain LIP-5T was classified as representing a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Haoranjiania flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Haoranjiania flava is LIP-5T (=CCTCC AB 2015365T=KCTC 42956T).
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Balneicella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium, isolated from a thermal spring and description of Balneicellaceae fam. nov.
A mesophilic anaerobic bacterium, designated KHALHBd91T was isolated from the moderately hot spring of Hammam Biadha, Tunisia. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile and rod-shaped, appearing singly (0.5–2.0×0.5–1 µm). It grew anaerobically at temperatures between 20 and 50 °C (optimum 37 °C) and at pH values between 5.5 and 7.8 (optimum 7.0). It required NaCl for growth, with growth observed at up 8.5 % and an optimum at 2.5 %. KHALHBd91T used glucose, galactose, maltose, pyruvate, lactate, fumarate and yeast extract as electron donors. The end-products from glucose fermentation were acetate, propionate, succinate and CO2. Nitrate, nitrite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfate and sulfite were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. The main polar lipids consisted of lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, aminolipids, phosphoaminoglycolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 35.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that KHALHBd91T had Marinifilum fragile and Marinifilum flexuosum (phylum Bacteroidetes , class Bacteroidia , order Bacteroidales ) as its closest relatives (similarity of 86.7 and 87.8 % respectively). The phylogenetic and physiological data fro the present study strongly indicate that the isolate represents a novel genus and species of a novel family, Balneicella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Balneicellaceaefam. nov. The type strain is KHALHBd91T (=DSM28579T=JCM19909T).
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Hymenobacter nivis sp. nov., isolated from red snow in Antarctica
More LessA novel aerobic bacterial strain, P3T, was isolated from a red snow obtained from Antarctica. Cells of strain P3T were rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive and Gram-stain-negative. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 0 to 25 °C, with optimum growth at 15 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 5.3–7.8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.0 mol%. The major components in the fatty acid profile were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C16 : 1ω6c). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the novel isolate was a member of the genus Hymenobacter , and the strain showed highest sequence similarity (94 %) with H.ymenpbacter glaciei VUG-A130T, Hymenobacter . soli PB17T and Hymenobacter . antarcticus VUG-A42aaT. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic properties strain P3T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter (for which the name Hymenobacter nivis sp. nov. is proposed. The types strain is P3T (=DSM 101755T=NBRC 111535T).
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Maribacter arenosus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, non-gliding, aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1321T was isolated from marine sediment in Incheon, South Korea. The strain’s taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. CAU 1321T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 8 in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that CAU 1321T represented a member of the genus Maribacter , closely related to Maribacter polysiphoniae KCTC 22021T (similarity 98.0 %). The strain contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and iso-C15 : 1 G as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids of CAU 1321T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, five unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol% and the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between CAU 1321T and the most closely related strain, M. polysiphoniae KCTC 22021T was 25.2 %. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, and phylogenetic inference, CAU 1321T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Maribacter , for which the name Maribacter arenosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1321T (=KCTC 52191T=NBRC 111990T).
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- Firmicutes and related organisms
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Streptococcus marmotae sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tract of Marmota himalayana
Five strains of a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, α-haemolytic, coccus-shaped chain-forming organism were isolated separately from the lower respiratory tracts of five animals of Marmota himalayana in the endemic area of plague, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Based on their morphological characteristics, biochemical features and molecular phylogenetic studies, the strains were placed as representing a new member of the genus Streptococcus . Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies indicated that strain HTS5T shared 96.5, 96.2 and 96.0 % similarity with Streptococcus gallinaceus CCUG 42692T, Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 15912T and Streptococcus suis ATCC 43765T, respectively. Sequence analysis of its rpoB and sodA genes showed that strain HTS5T was most closely related to Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085T with 9.2 and 10.9 % interspecies divergence, respectively. The whole genome phylogenetic tree based on 339 core genes of 65 Streptococcus genomes confirmed that HTS5T belongs to a distinct lineage that is well separated from recognized species of the genus Streptococcus . In silico DNA–DNA hybridization using 65 available genomes from GenBank showed that HTS5T displayed less than 70 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the other 65 species of the genus Streptococcus deposited in the GenBank database. The genome of strain HTS5T (2 322 791 bp) contained 2377 genes and had a G+C content of 41.6 mol%. Therefore, the five strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptococcus for which the name Streptococcus marmotae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HTS5T (=DSM 101995T=CGMCC 1.15534T).
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Sporolactobacillus pectinivorans sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from spoiled jelly
A Gram-positive-staining, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, lactic-acid-producing bacterium, strain GD201205T, was isolated from spoiled jelly in China. Strain GD201205T fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, raffinose and turanose, but negative for nitrate reduction, catalase and oxidase. The predominant fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glycine and alanine with meso-iaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, glycolipid 1 and glycolipid 2. The DNA G+C content of strain GD201205T was 48.7 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Sporolactobacillus and was most closely related to Sporolactobacillus vineae KCTC 5376T and Sporolactobacillus putidus JCM 15325T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.5 and 96.9 %, respectively. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain GD201205T and Sporolactobacillus vineae KCTC 5376Tand Sporolactobacillus putidus JCM 15325T were 29.2 and 47.6 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene revealed that strain GD201205T was clearly distinct from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus . On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence given in this study, strain GD201205T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus pectinivorans is proposed. The type strain is GD201205T (=CICC 23867T=KCTC 15488T).
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Desulfotomaculum aquiferis sp. nov. and Desulfotomaculum profundi sp. nov., isolated from a deep natural gas storage aquifer
Two novel strictly anaerobic bacteria, strains Bs105T and Bs107T, were isolated from a deep aquifer-derived hydrocarbonoclastic community. The cells were rod-shaped, not motile and had terminal spores. Phylogenetic affiliation and physiological properties revealed that these isolates belong to two novel species of the genus Desulfotomaculum . Optimal growth temperatures for strains Bs105T and Bs107T were 42 and 45 °C, respectively. The estimated G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.9 and 48.7 mol%. For both strains, the major cellular fatty acid was palmitate (C16 : 0). Specific carbon fatty acid signatures of Gram-positive bacteria (iso-C17 : 0) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (C17 : 0 cyc) were also detected. An insertion was revealed in one of the two 16S rRNA gene copies harboured by strain Bs107T. Similar insertions have previously been highlighted among moderately thermophilic species of the genus Desulfotomaculum . Both strains shared the ability to oxidize aromatic acids (Bs105T: hydroquinone, acetophenone, para-toluic acid, 2-phenylethanol, trans-cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid 4-hydroxybutyl ester; Bs107T: ortho-toluic acid, benzoic acid 4-hydroxybutyl ester). The names Desulfotomaculum aquiferis sp. nov. and Desulfotomaculum profundi sp. nov. are proposed for the type strains Bs105T (=DSM 24088T=JCM 31386T) and Bs107T (=DSM 24093T=JCM 31387T).
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Wukongibacter baidiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from hydrothermal sulfides, and proposal for the reclassification of the closely related Clostridium halophilum and Clostridium caminithermale within Maledivibacter gen. nov. and Paramaledivibacter gen. nov., respectively
More LessAn anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium, designated DY30321T, was isolated from a sample of mixed hydrothermal sulfides collected during cruise DY30 of R/V Da Yang Yi Hao. Cells of strain DY30321T were rod-shaped with rounded ends, and were not motile. Strain DY30321T grew optimally at pH 8.0, at 30 °C and at a salinity (sea salts) of 30–40 g l−1. The principal fatty acids of strain DY30321T were C14 : 0 and summed feature 1 (comprising iso H-C15 : 1/C13 : 0 3-OH). The predominant polar lipids of strain DY30321T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. No respiratory quinone was detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain DY30321T was 33.4 mol%. Phylogenetically, strain DY30321T branched within the family Peptostreptococcaceae , with (misclassified) Clostridium halophilum M1T being its closest phylogenetic relative (94.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by (misclassified) Clostridium caminithermale DVird3T (92.1 %). These strains showed very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<84 %) to Clostrdium butyricum ATCC 19398T, the type species of the genus Clostridium sensu stricto. On the basis of its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain DY30321T (=KCTC 15549T=MCCC 1A01532T) is considered as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Peptostreptococcaceae , for which the name Wukongibacterbaidiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Maledivibacter gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Clostridium halophilum as Maledivibacter halophilus comb. nov. (type species of the genus), and Paramaledivibacter gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium caminithermale as Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis comb. nov. (type species of the genus).
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Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica)
Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods and grew on media containing methanol. In 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain BL24Tshowed the highest sequence similarities with Paenibacillus phyllosphaeraeKACC 11473T (97.8 %) and Paenibacillus sacheonensisSY01 (95.1 %). DNA–DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24Tbelonged to a different species. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the G+C content of genomic DNA was 52.1 mol %. It contained menaquinone (MK)-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. Based on the molecular and chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T=CCM 7577T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus methanolicusis proposed.
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Herbivorax saccincola gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulolytic, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium isolated via in sacco enrichments from a lab-scale biogas reactor
More LessA novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, strain GGR1T, was isolated from a thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter. The novel organism was effectively degrading crystalline cellulose. It seems to play a role in remineralization of plant biomass by hydrolysing its polysaccharides. 16S rRNA gene comparative sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate formed a hitherto unknown subline within the family Ruminococcaceae . The closest phylogenetic relative of GGR1T among the taxa with validly published names was Clostridiumthermocellum , sharing 94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain GGR1T was catalase-negative, indole-negative and produced acetate and ethanol as major end-products during fermentative cellulose utilization. The major cellular fatty acids (>1 %) were 16 : 0 iso fatty acid and 16 : 0 fatty acid. Cells were rod shaped and grew optimally at 60 °C and pH 7.0. The DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. A novel genus and species, Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. Strain GGR1T (=DSM 101079T=CECT 9155T) represents the type strain for the novel genus and novel species Herbivoraxsaccincola gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Serpentinicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from the serpentinite-hosted Prony hydrothermal field, New Caledonia
A novel anaerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium was isolated from a carbonaceous hydrothermal chimney in Prony Bay, New Caledonia. This bacterium, designated strain 3bT, grew at temperatures from 30 to 43 °C (optimum 37 °C) and at pH between 7.8 and 10.1 (optimum 9.5). Added NaCl was not required for growth (optimum 0–0.2 %, w/v), but was tolerated at up to 4 %. Yeast extract was required for growth. Strain 3bT utilized crotonate, lactate and pyruvate, but not sugars. Crotonate was dismutated to acetate and butyrate. Lactate was disproportionated to acetate and propionate. Pyruvate was degraded to acetate plus trace amounts of hydrogen. Growth on lactate was improved by the addition of fumarate, which was used as an electron acceptor and converted to succinate. Sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, FeCl3, Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(III)-EDTA, chromate, arsenate, selenate and DMSO were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate is a member of the family Clostridiaceae , order Clostridiales within the phylum Firmicutes . Strain 3bT was most closely related to ‘ Alkaliphilus hydrothermalis ' FatMR1T (92.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), and was positioned approximately equidistantly between the genera Alkaliphilus , Anaerovirgula and Natronincola . On the basis of phylogenetic, genetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological properties, strain 3bT is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Serpentinicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Serpentinicella alkaliphila is 3bT (=DSM 100013T=JCM 30645T).
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Paenibacillus solani sp. nov., isolated from potato rhizosphere soil
A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated FJAT-22460T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. Cells were rods that were catalase-positive and motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain was found to grow at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5.0–12.0 (optimum pH 7) with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 % NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-22460T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.3, 97.2, 97.2 and 97.0 % with Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T, Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T, Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871T and Paenibacillus chibensis JCM 9905T, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain FJAT-22460T with Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T and Paenibacillus lautus DSM 3035T was 62.6 % and 33.3 %, respectively, lower than the 70 % accepted for species delineation. The menaquinone was identified as MK-7. The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 (5.3 %), C16 : 0 (12.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (10.7 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (6.9 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 50.9 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-22460T represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus solani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-22460T (=DSM 100999T=CCTCC AB 2015207T).
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Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. isolated from Triticum aestivum roots
A bacterial strain designated AMTAE16T was isolated from a root of wheat in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate in the genus Paenibacillus with its closest relative being Paenibacillus daejeonensis AP-20T with 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed a mean of 30 % DNADNA relatedness between strain AMTAE16T and the type strain of P. daejeonensis . The isolate was a Gram-stainvariable, motile and sporulating rod. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Gelatin and starch were hydrolysed but not casein. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 55.4 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain AMTAE16T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus hispanicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AMTAE16T(=LMG 29501T=CECT 9124T).
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Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste
More LessA strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN011T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative curved rods with a polar flagellum. Spores were not produced. The optimum temperature for growth was 35–37 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. The strain did not utilize carbohydrates as growth substrates. The strain grew in PY medium and produced acetate, butyrate, isovalerate and H2 as well as propionate and isobutyrate as minor products. Amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, l-lysine, l-serine, l-threonine and l-valine) added to PY medium enhanced growth of the strain and increased the amounts of fermentation products. Oxidase, catalase and nitrate-reducing activities were negative. Hydrogen sulfide was produced. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 (fatty acid, dimethylacetal and aldehyde) were detected as predominant components by the cellular fatty acids analysis. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, three clones from wastewater were very closely related to strain WN011T (up to 99.9 % sequence similarity). The most closely related described species were those in cluster XIVa of the class Clostridia such as Ruminococcus gauvreauii (93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Clostridium fimetarium (93.5 %) and Clostridium bolteae (93.5 %). Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WN011T from those of related species, it is concluded that strain WN011T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Falcatimonas natans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is WN011T (=JCM 16476T=DSM 22923T).
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Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. nov., isolated from a lead-cadmium tailing
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic strain, H6T, was isolated from a soil sample of lead-cadmium tailing in Qixia district, Nanjing (China). Cells of the strain are rod-shaped and colonies on LB agar are red. Strain H6T has subpolar and polar flagella and the optimal condition for growth is 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain H6T was closely related to the genus Saccharibacillus , and the closest relatives were Saccharibacillus deserti WLJ055T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Saccharibacillus kuerlensis HR1T (97.0 %) and Saccharibacillus sacchari GR21T (96.4 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain H6T and S. deserti WLJ055T was 55.0 %. The major polar lipids of strain H6T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol% and MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. Based on the phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, strain H6T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharibacillus , for which the name Saccharibacillus qingshengii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is H6T (=CCTCC AB 2016001T=JCM 31172T).
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Polygonibacillus indicireducens gen. nov., sp. nov., an indigo-reducing and obligate alkaliphile isolated from indigo fermentation liquor for dyeing
More LessObligately alkaliphilic and halophilic strains, designated In2-9T and D2-7, were isolated from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) liquor sample obtained from a craft centre in Date City, Hokkaido, Japan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that strain In2-9T is a member of the genus Bacillus with the closest relatives being the alkaliphilic species of the genus Bacillus , Bacillus hemicellulosilyticusJCM 9152T (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Bacillus alcalophilus DSM 485T (96.5 %). Cells of the isolate stained Gram-positive and were facultatively anaerobic straight rods that were motile by peritrichous flagella. Strain In2-9T grew between 13 and 45 °C with optimum growth at approximately 35–37 °C. The isolates grew in the pH range of 8–12 with optimum growth at pH 10. The isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly (>10 %) consisted of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. Spore shape and location and chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed that the isolates were distinctly different from phylogenetic neighbouring alkaliphilic species of the genus Bacillus . On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Polygonibacillus indicireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is In2-9T (=JCM 30831T=NCIMB 14982T), and strain D2-7 is an additional strain of the species.
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Scopulibacillus daqui sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from high temperature daqu
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated ZQ18-1T, was isolated from a high temperature daqu sample collected from the sesame-flavour liquor-making process. Oval endospores were formed at the centre of cells with swollen sporangia. The isolate was able to grow at temperatures of 20–60 °C (optimum growth at 50 °C), at pH 4–9 (optimum growth at pH 8) and in the presence of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth with 2 % NaCl). Glucose and galactose were major cell-wall sugars, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic amino acid. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and three glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZQ18-1T was most closely related to Scopulibacillus darangshiensis DLS-06T, Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T, Tuberibacillus calidus 607T, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis ATCC 53909T, Pullulanibacillus uraniitolerans UG-2T, Sporolactobacillus terrae DSM 11697T and Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T. Strain ZQ18-1T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness (40.7, 23.1, 46.5, 27.2, 45.6, 33.7 and 55.1 %) with the strains mentioned above. Based on morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics, DNA–DNA hybridization data and physiological properties, strain ZQ18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Scopulibacillus , for which the name Scopulibacillus daqui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Scopulibacillus daqui ZQ18-1T (=DSM 28236T=CICC 10824T). An emended description of the genus Scopulibacillus is provided.
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Bacillus wiedmannii sp. nov., a psychrotolerant and cytotoxic Bacillus cereus group species isolated from dairy foods and dairy environments
A facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming Bacillus strain, FSL W8-0169T, collected from raw milk stored in a silo at a dairy powder processing plant in the north-eastern USA was initially identified as a Bacillus cereus group species based on a partial sequence of the rpoB gene and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Analysis of core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms clustered this strain separately from known B. cereus group species. Pairwise average nucleotide identity blast values obtained for FSL W8-0169T compared to the type strains of existing B. cereus group species were <95 % and predicted DNA–DNA hybridization values were <70 %, suggesting that this strain represents a novel B. cereus group species. We characterized 10 additional strains with the same or closely related rpoB allelic type, by whole genome sequencing and phenotypic analyses. Phenotypic characterization identified a higher content of iso-C16 : 0 fatty acid and the combined inability to ferment sucrose or to hydrolyse arginine as the key characteristics differentiating FSL W8-0169T from other B. cereus group species. FSL W8-0169T is psychrotolerant, produces haemolysin BL and non-haemolytic enterotoxin, and is cytotoxic in a HeLa cell model. The name Bacillus wiedmannii sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species represented by the type strain FSL W8-0169T (=DSM 102050T=LMG 29269T).
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Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. nov., isolated from Pu’er tea
More LessA novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain 7578-24T was isolated from ripened Pu’er tea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 7578-24T clustered with species of the genus Pullulanibacillus in the family Sporolactobacillaceae with 97.8–95.2 % sequence similarities, and was most closely related to Pullulanibacillus pueri YN3T with 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain 7578-24T and P. pueri YN3T was 35 %. Strain 7578-24T had a cell-wall type A1γ peptidoglycan with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). C18 : 1 ω7c (45.4 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (30.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.1 %) were the predominant fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and one unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 7578-24T was 45.2 mol%. Strain 7578-24T could be differentiated from other related species of the genus Pullulanibacillus based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization data. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a novel species of the genus Pullulanibacillus named Pullulanibacillus camelliae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 7578-24T (=CGMCC 1.15371T=JCM 31236T) as the type strain.
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Description of Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov., reassignment of Bacillus iranensis (Bagheri et al. 2012) as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Alteribacillus
More LessA novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC229T) was isolated from a water sample collected from waterlogged alkaline soil. Strain JC229T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC229T was identified as belonging to the genus Alteribacillus of the phylum Firmicutes and was found to be most closely related to Alteribacillus bidgolensis P4BT (97.9 % similarity), Bacillus iranensis X5BT (97.2 %) and Alteribacillus persepolensis HS136T (96.6 %), and more distantly related to other members of the genus Bacillus (<95.2 %). Strain JC229T was further identified to be distinctly related to the type strains of A. bidgolensis and B. iranensis (<26 % based on DNA–DNA hybridization and ΔT m of >5 °C). Strain JC229T grew optimally at pH 8 (range 5–11), at 35–40 °C (range 20–50 °C) and at a salinity of 3–5 % (range 0.5–24 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC229T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7. Polar lipids of strain JC229T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC229T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Alteribacillus , for which the name Alteribacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC229T (=LMG 28999T=KCTC 33726T). It is also suggested to transfer B. iranensis to the genus Alteribacillus as Alteribacillus iranensis comb. nov.
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- Other bacteria
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Detection and identification of the heterogeneous novel subgroup 16SrXIII-(A/I)I phytoplasma associated with strawberry green petal disease and Mexican periwinkle virescence
More LessPhytoplasmas (species of the genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’) are insect-vectored phytopathogenic bacteria associated with economically and ecologically important crop diseases. Strawberry production represents an important part of agricultural activity in Mexico and elsewhere, and infection of plants with phytoplasma renders the fruit inedible by altering plant development, resulting in virescence and phyllody. In this study we examined samples taken from four strawberry plants showing symptoms associated with strawberry green petal disease and from two periwinkle plants showing virescence, sampled in different areas of Mexico. Analysis of the 16S rRNA-encoding sequences showed that the plants were infected with a phytoplasma previously identified as Mexican periwinkle virescence (MPV; 16SrXIII). Examination of bacterial sequences from these samples revealed that two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in each sample along with a single chaperonin-60 (cpn60) sequence and a single rpoB sequence, suggesting that this strain displays 16S rRNA gene sequence heterogeneity. Two distinct rrn operons, identified with subgroup 16SrXIII-A and the newly described subgroup 16SrXIII-I, were identified from the six samples analyzed, delineating the novel subgroup 16SrXIII-(A/I)I, following the nomenclature proposed for heterogeneous subgroups.
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Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly anaerobic, oval-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain PytT) was isolated from reticulated python faeces. Strain PytT was capable of using mucin as sole carbon, energy and nitrogen source. Cells could grow singly, in pairs, and were also found to aggregate. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of filamentous structures connecting individual bacterial cells. Strain PytT could grow on a limited number of single sugars, including N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, glucose, lactose and galactose, but only when a plentiful protein source was provided. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed strain PytT to belong to the Verrucomicrobiae class I, family Akkermansiaceae , genus Akkermansia , with Akkermansia muciniphila MucT as the closest relative (94.4 % sequence similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization revealed low relatedness of 28.3 % with A. muciniphila MucT. The G+C content of DNA from strain PytT was 58.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genome of strain PytT compared to the genome of strain MucT was 79.7 %. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain PytT to the genus Akkermansia . Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic characteristics, strain PytT represents a novel species of the genus Akkermansia , for which the name Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PytT (=DSM 100705T=CIP 110913T).
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Borrelia mayonii sp. nov., a member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern United States
Bobbi S. Pritt, Laurel B. Respicio-Kingry, Lynne M. Sloan, Martin E. Schriefer, Adam J. Replogle, Jenna Bjork, Gongping Liu, Luke C. Kingry, Paul S. Mead, David F. Neitzel, Elizabeth Schiffman, Diep K. Hoang Johnson, Jeffrey P. Davis, Susan M. Paskewitz, David Boxrud, Alecia Deedon, Xia Lee, Tracy K. Miller, Michelle A. Feist, Christopher R. Steward, Elitza S. Theel, Robin Patel, Cole L. Irish and Jeannine M. PetersenLyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystem disease caused by spirochetes in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) genospecies complex. We previously described a novel Bbsl genospecies (type strain MN14-1420T) that causes LB among patients with exposures to ticks in the upper midwestern USA. Patients infected with the novel Bbsl genospecies demonstrated higher levels of spirochetemia and somewhat differing clinical symptoms as compared with those infected with other Bbsl genospecies. The organism was detected from human specimens using PCR, microscopy, serology and culture. The taxonomic status was determined using an eight-housekeeping-gene (uvrA, rplB, recG, pyrG, pepX, clpX, clpA and nifS) multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) and comparison of 16S rRNA gene, flaB, rrf–rrl, ospC and oppA2 nucleotide sequences. Using a system threshold of 98.3 % similarity for delineation of Bbsl genospecies by MLSA, we demonstrated that the novel species is a member of the Bbsl genospecies complex, most closely related to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (94.7–94.9 % similarity). This same species was identified in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Minnesota and Wisconsin. This novel species, Borrelia mayonii sp. nov, is formally described here. The type strain, MN14-1420, is available through the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zelkulturen GmbH (DSM 102811) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC BAA-2743).
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- Proteobacteria
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Legionella saoudiensis sp. nov., isolated from a sewage water sample
A Gram-stain-negative, bacilli-shaped bacterial strain, LS-1T, was isolated from a sewage water sample collected in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The taxonomic position of strain LS-1T was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and those of four other genes indicated that strain LS-1T belongs to the genus Legionella in the family Legionellaceae . Regarding the 16S rRNA gene, the most closely related species are Legionella rowbothamii LLAP-6T (98.6 %) and Legionella lytica L2T (98.5 %). The mip gene sequence of strain LS-1T showed 94 % sequence similarity with that of L. lytica L2T and 93 % similarity with that of L. rowbothamii LLAP-6T. Strain LS-1T grew optimally at a temperature of 32 °C on a buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar plate in a 5 % CO2 atmosphere and had a flagellum. The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and genomic sequence data suggest that strain LS-1T represents a novel species of the genus Legionella , for which the name Legionella saoudiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LS-1T (=DSM 101682T=CSUR P2101T).
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Dyella humi sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated as DHG40T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the forest of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Strain DHG40T grew at pH 4.0–8.0 and 10–37 °C (optimum at pH 6.0–7.0 and 25–28 °C). NaCl inhibited growth at concentrations above 2.5 % (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate fell within the cluster of the genus Dyella . Strain DHG40T was closely related to Dyella ginsengisoli Gsoil 3046T (97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Dyella marensis CS5-B2T (97.5 %), Dyella koreensis BB4T (97.4 %) and Dyella jejuensis JP1T (97.4 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain DHG40T and its phylogenetically closest relatives were all below 40 %. The DNA G+C content was 60.3 mol%. In addition, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c were the major fatty acids (>10 %) and ubiquinone-8 was the respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic distinctiveness, strain DHG40T should be placed in the genus Dyella as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Dyella humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHG40T (=KCTC 42629T=LMG 28842T).
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Pseudoalteromonas profundi sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea seamount
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated TP162T, was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TP162T was related to the genus Pseudoalteromonas and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis SE3T (98.2 %), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39T (97.7 %), P seudoalteromonas arabiensis k53T (97.4 %) and Pseudoalteromonas aliena KMM 3562T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C1 5 : 0 2-OH and/or C1 6 : 1ω7c), C1 7 : 1ω8c and C1 6 : 0. The quinone system for strain TP162T comprised predominantly ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TP162T was 46.7 mol%. Strain TP162T shared 28 % DNA–DNA relatedness with P . shioyasakiensis JCM 18891T, 21 % with P. lipolytica JCM 15903T, 35 % with P . arabiensis JCM 17292T and 18 % with P . aliena LMG 22059T. Combined data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain TP162T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas , for which we propose the name Pseudoalteromonas profund i sp. nov. (type strain TP162T=KACC 18554T=CGMCC 1.15394T).
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Rhizobium favelukesii sp. nov., isolated from the root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L)
Strains LPU83T and Or191 of the genus Rhizobium were isolated from the root nodules of alfalfa, grown in acid soils from Argentina and the USA. These two strains, which shared the same plasmid pattern, lipopolysaccharide profile, insertion-sequence fingerprint, 16S rRNA gene sequence and PCR-fingerprinting pattern, were different from reference strains representing species of the genus Rhizobium with validly published names. On the basis of previously reported data and from new DNA-DNA hybridization results, phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses, strains LPU83T and Or191 can be considered to be representatives of a novel species of the genus Rhizobium , for which the name Rhizobium favelukesii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is LPU83T (=CECT 9014T=LMG 29160T), for which an improved draft-genome sequence is available.
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Croceicoccus pelagius sp. nov. and Croceicoccus mobilis sp. nov., isolated from marine environments
Strain Ery9T, isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean, and strain Ery22T, isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean, were subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. They produced yellow pigments and lacked bacteriochlorophyll a. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain Ery9T was closely related to Croceicoccus naphthovorans PQ-2T (with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.7 %), and strain Ery22T was closely related to Croceicoccus marinus E4A9T (98.3 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Ery9T and strain Ery22T was 96.6 %. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains Ery9T and Ery22T fell within the cluster of the genus Croceicoccus and represented two independent lineages. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and the genome-to-genome distances between strains Ery9T and Ery22T and the type strains of species of the genus C roceicoccus with validly published names were 73.7–78.4 % and 20.1–22.3 %, respectively. The major respiratory quinone of the two isolates was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The DNA G+C contents of strains Ery9T and Ery22T were 62.8 and 62.5 mol%, respectively. Differential phylogenetic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic differences, together with phenotypic properties, revealed that strains Ery9T and Ery22T could be differentiated from their closely related species. Therefore, it is concluded that strains Ery9T and Ery22T represent two novel species of the genus Croceicoccus , for which the names Croceicoccus pelagius sp. nov. (type strain Ery9T=CGMCC 1.15358T=DSM 101479T) and Croceicoccus mobilis sp. nov. (type strain Ery22T=CGMCC 1.15360T=DSM 101481T), are proposed.
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Isolation and characterization of a novel Rickettsia species (Rickettsia asembonensis sp. nov.) obtained from cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis)
A novel rickettsial agent, ‘Candidatus Rickettsia asembonensis’ strain NMRCiiT, was isolated from cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, from Kenya. Genotypic characterization of the new isolate based on sequence analysis of five rickettsial genes, rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB and sca4, indicated that this isolate clustered with Rickettsia felis URRWXCal2. The degree of nucleotide similarity demonstrated that isolate NMRCiiT belongs within the genus Rickettsia and fulfils the criteria for classification as a representative of a novel species. The name Rickettsia asembonensis sp. nov. is proposed, with NMRCiiT (=DSM 100172T=CDC CRIRC RAS001T=ATCC VR-1827T) as the type strain.
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Campylobacter hepaticus sp. nov., isolated from chickens with spotty liver disease
More LessTen strains of an unknown Campylobacter species were isolated from the livers of chickens with spotty liver disease in Australia. The strains were Gram-stain-negative, microaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive and urease-negative. Unlike most other species of the genus Campylobacter , most of the tested strains of this novel species hydrolysed hippurate and half of them could not reduce nitrate. All strains showed resistance, or intermediate resistance, to nalidixic acid and most of them were resistant to cephalothin. Examination of negatively stained cells under transmission electron microscopy revealed that they were S-shaped, with bipolar unsheathed flagella. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and the heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) gene sequences indicated that the strains formed a robust clade that was clearly distinct from recognized Campylobacter species. Unusually, they had a DNA G+C content of 27.9 mol%, lower than any previously described Campylobacter species, and they showed less than 84 % average nucleotide identity to the nearest sequenced species. Taken together, these data indicate that the strains belong to a novel Campylobacter species, for which the name Campylobacter hepaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HV10T (=NCTC 13823T=CIP 111092T).
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Chelatococcus reniformis sp. nov., isolated from a glacier
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, reniform bacterial strain, B2974T, was isolated from an ice core of the Muztagh Glacier, on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Strain B2974T grew optimally at pH 7.0–7.5 and 25–30 °C in the presence of 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that strain B2974T was closely related to Chelatococcus asaccharovorans LMG 25503T at a level of 97.1 %. The major quinone of strain B2974T was ubiquinone Q10. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. sym-Homospermidine was the major polyamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 64 mol%. In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, strain B2974T shared 49.32 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strain of Chelatococcus asaccharovorans LMG 25503T. Based on the results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain B2974T was considered as a novel species of the genus Chelatococcus , for which the name Chelatococcus reniformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B2974T (=JCM 30308T=CGMCC 1.12919T).
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Paraburkholderia pallidirosea sp. nov., isolated from a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and motile bacterial strain, DHOK13T, was isolated from the forest soils of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China (112° 31′ E, 23° 10′ N). It grew optimally at 28–33 °C and pH 7.0–7.5. The main fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C19 : 0 cycloω8c, summed feature 2 (C12 : 0 aldehyde and/or unknown 10.9525) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The organism contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The total DNA G+C content of strain DHOK13T was 62.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as the sequence of the partial housekeeping genes, gyrB and recA, showed consistently that strain DHOK13T formed an independent cluster with Paraburkholderia phenazinium LMG 2247T. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed relatively low relatedness values (39 %) of strain DHOK13T with P. phenazinium LMG 2247T. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain DHOK13T represents a novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia for which the name Paraburkholderia pallidirosea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHOK13T (=KCTC 42626T=LMG 28846T).
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Description of Altererythrobacter aerius sp. nov., isolated from air, and emended description of the genus Altererythrobacter
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, ovoid to rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated 100921-2T, was isolated from air at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis of the organism revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Altererythrobacter . Strain 100921-2T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.01–94.70 %) to other type strains of the genus Altererythrobacter , with the highest similarity to Altererythrobacter marensis MSW-14T. Growth of strain 100921-2T was observed at 4–50 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 4.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–0.5 %). The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c (27.8 %), C17 : 1 ω6c (23.1 %), 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c(11.9 %), summed feature 3 (9.1 %) and C15 : 0 2-OH (7.9 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). Polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unknown phospholipids, five unknown polar lipids and two unknown glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 67.5 mol%. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain 100921-2T represents a novel species, for which the name Altererythrobacter aerius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 100921-2T (=CFCC 14287T=KCTC 42844T).
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Wenzhouxiangella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped strain, designated XDB06T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Q-8 was the sole respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids in strain XDB06T were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The polar lipids of strain XDB06T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified glycolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 65.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XDB06T clusters within the genus Wenzhouxiangella and is most closely related to Wenzhouxiangella . marina MCCC 1K00261T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.50 %. Based on data from the current polyphasic study, strain XDB06T represents a novel species of the genus Wenzhouxiangella , for which the name Wenzhouxiangella sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XDB06T (=KCTC 52041T=MCCC 1K02285T).
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Silicimonas algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Roseobacter clade isolated from the cell surface of the marine diatom Thalassiosira delicatula
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated strain KC90BT, was isolated from the surface of a cell of the marine diatom Thalassiosira delicatula. The bacterial cells were pleomorphic and formed very small, beige colonies on marine agar. Optimal growth was obtained at 25 °C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 1.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KC90BT belonged to the Roseobacter clade and formed a monophyletic cluster with the sequences of Boseongicola aestuarii , Profundibacterium mesophilum , Hwanghaeicola aestuarii , Maribius pelagius and M. salinus, showing 91.4–95.7 % sequence similarities. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the predominant lipoquinone but a significant amount of ubiquinone Q-9 was also detected. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 0. Strain KC90BT also contained specific fatty acids (C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0) that were not detected in its closest described relatives. The major polar lipids of strain KC90BT comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain KC90BT was 65.2 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis of strain KC90BT, together with the differential phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain KC90BT is distinct from type strains of B. aestuarii , P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . Based on the data presented in this study, strain KC90BT represents a novel genus and species within the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name Silicimonas algicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KC90BT (=DSM 103371T=RCC 4681T).
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Sphingomonas naphthae sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil
More LessDuring the study of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the oil-contaminated soil of Gunsan, North Jeolla Province, South Korea, a yellow, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain DKC-5-1T, was isolated. This strain was non-sporulating, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. It was able to grow at 10–33 °C, pH 6.0–8.5 and at an NaCl concentration of 0–1.5 % (w/v). This strain was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DKC-5-1T belongs to the genus Sphingomonas and is closely related to Sphingomonas laterariae LNB2T (96.65 % sequence similarity), Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans A175T (96.63 % sequence similarity), Sphingomonas histidinilytica UM2T (96.63 % sequence similarity), and Sphingomonas wittichii RW1T (96.43 % sequence similarity). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major polyamine was homospermidine. The polar lipid profile revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain DKC-5-1T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C17 : 1ω6c and C14 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 65.9 mol%. Morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain DKC-5-1T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas naphthae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DKC-5-1T (=KEMB 9005-380T=KACC 18716T=JCM 31294T).
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Pseudomonas turukhanskensis sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soils
A bacterial strain named IB1.1T was isolated in a screening of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from oil-contaminated soils on the territory of the Turukhansk District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, East Siberia, Russia. The 16S rRNA gene sequence had 98.7 % identity with respect to the closest phylogenetic relative, Pseudomonas granadensis F-278,770T, and the next most closely related species with 98.6 % similarity was Pseudomonas punonensis , suggesting that IB1.1T should be classified within the genus Pseudomonas . The analysis of housekeeping genes rpoB, rpoD and gyrB showed similarities lower than 90 % in all cases with respect to the closest relatives, confirming its phylogenetic affiliation. The strain showed a polar flagellum. The respiratory quinone was Q9. The major fatty acids were 16 : 1ω7c/16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3), 18 : 1ω7c and 16 : 0. The strain was oxidase- and catalase-positive, but the arginine dihydrolase system was not present. Nitrate reduction, urease and β–galactosidase production, and aesculin hydrolysis were negative. The temperature range for growth was 4–34 °C, and the strain could grow at pH 11. The DNA G+C content was 58.5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization results showed values of less than 30 % relatedness with respect to the type strains of the eight most closely related species. Therefore, the dataset of genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data support the classification of strain IB1.1T into a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas turukhanskensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IB1.1T (=VKM B-2935T=CECT 9091T).
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Pseudoduganella danionis sp. nov., isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio)
One beige-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain E3/2T, was isolated from a zebrafish, Daniorerio. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the species Pseudoduganella violaceinigra and between 97.4 to 97.0 % to some species of the genera Duganella and Massilia , including Duganella radicis , Duganella phyllosphaerae , Massilia dura , Massilia lutea , Duganella sacchari , Duganella zoogloeoides , Massilia albidiflava and Massilia umbonata . Sequence similarities to all other species were below 97 %. The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 fatty acids (C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C10 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and C12 : 0. The polyamine pattern of strain E3/2T contained predominantly putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine. The major quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a novel species of the genus Pseudoduganella named Pseudoduganella danionis sp. nov., with strain E3/2T (=LMG 29678T=CCM 8698T) as the type strain.
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Litorisediminivivens gilvus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated YSM-17T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment collected from the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The novel strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.5–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YSM-17T forms a distinct evolutionary lineage independent of other taxa in the family Rhodobacteraceae . Strain YSM-17T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.8 and 96.6 % to the type strains of Pseudopelagicola gijangensis and Pelagicola litoralis , respectively, and of less than 96.5 % to the type strains of other recognized taxa. Strain YSM-17T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain YSM-17T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain YSM-17T were distinguished from those of the genera Pseudopelagicola and Pelagicola . The DNA G+C content of strain YSM-17T was 64.6±0.04 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, strain YSM-17T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name Litorisediminivivens gilvus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Litorisediminivivens gilvus is YSM-17T (=KCTC 52249T=NBRC 112330T).
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Halomonas lutescens sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a lake sediment
More LessA novel, Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, halophilic bacterium, designated strain Q1UT, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Qinghai Lake, PR China. The cells of the strain were short rod-shaped (0.2–0.3×0.6–2.5 µm) and non-motile. Strain Q1UT formed yellowish colonies and grew at temperatures of 2–37 °C (optimum 30–33 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 7.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (58.6 %), C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (14.8 %) and C16 : 0 (10.1 %). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.5 mol%, and the predominant respiratory ubiquinone Q-9. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenated 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences, the isolate was found to belong to the genus Halomonas in the class Gammaproteobacteria . The most closely related species were Halomonas venusta DSM 4743T (98.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Halomonas songnenensis DSM 25870T (98.2 %) and Halomonas hydrothermalis DSM 15725T (98.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain Q1UT and the type strains of eight other species of the genus Halomonas ranged from 21.3 % to 10.1 %. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values, strain Q1UT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halomonas; the name Halomonas lutescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Q1UT (=CGMCC 1.15122T=KCTC 42517T).
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Novosphingobium lotistagni sp. nov., isolated from a lotus pond
A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG-DN6.20T, was isolated from a lotus pond near Donghaksa temple in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-DN6.20T was found to be most closely related to Novosphingobium rosa IFO 15208T (97.6 % sequence similarity), Novosphingobium sediminicola HU1-AH51T (97.5 %) and Novosphingobium barchaimii LL02T (96.9 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain THG-DN6.20T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 60.0 %. The respiratory quinone and polyamine detected in strain THG-DN6.20T were ubiquinone Q-10 and spermidine, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 63.1 mol%. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C14 : 0 2-OH. These data supported the affiliation of strain THG-DN6.20T to the genus Novosphingobium . Strain THG-DN6.20T could be distinguished from related species of the genus Novosphingobium by physiological and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, the novel isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Novosphingobium lotistagni sp. nov. is proposed, with THG-DN6.20T as the type strain (=KACC 18541T=CCTCC AB 2015354T).
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Lysobacter rhizophilus sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of mugunghwa, the national flower of South Korea
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-negative strain with one polar flagellum, designated THG-YS3.6T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a mugunghwa flower collected from Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum 25–30 °C), at pH 6–8 (optimum 7.0) and with 0–2.0 % NaCl (optimum 1 %). The isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q–8). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c alcohol, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid, one unknown lipid and three unknown aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-YS3.6T was 65.3 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-YS3.6T were identified as Lysobacter yangpyeongensis KACC 11407T (98.7 %), Lysobacter oryzae KCTC 22249T (98.0 %), Lysobacter niabensis KACC 11587T (97.6 %) and Lysobacter terrae KACC 17646T (97.1 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain THG-YS3.6T and L. yangpyeongensis KACC 11407T, L. oryzae KCTC 22249T, L. niabensis KACC 11587T and L. terrae KACC 17646T were 53.8±1.0 %, 12.9±1.2 %, 10.9±0.6 % and 7.0±1.9 %, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-YS3.6T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter , for which the name Lysobacter rhizophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-YS3.6T (=KCTC 52082T=CCTCC AB 2015358T).
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Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov., causing pear leaf scorch disease
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, nutritionally fastidious bacterium (PLS229T) causing pear leaf scorch was identified in Taiwan and previously grouped into Xylella fastidiosa . Yet, significant variations between PLS229T and Xylella fastidiosa were noted. In this study, PLS229T was evaluated phenotypically and genotypically against representative strains of Xylella fastidiosa , including strains of the currently known subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa , Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and ‘ Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ’. Because of the difficulty of in vitro culture characterization, emphases were made to utilize the available whole-genome sequence information. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, an alternative for DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness, between PLS229T and Xylella fastidiosa were 83.4–83.9 %, significantly lower than the bacterial species threshold of 95 %. In contrast, sequence similarity of 16S rRNA genes was greater than 98 %, higher than the 97 % threshold to justify if two bacterial strains belong to different species. The uniqueness of PLS229T was also evident by observing only about 87 % similarity in the sequence of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) between PLS229T and strains of Xylella fastidiosa , discovering significant single nucleotide polymorphisms at 18 randomly selected housekeeping gene loci, observing a distinct fatty acid profile for PLS229T compared with Xylella fastidiosa , and PLS229T having different observable phenotypes, such as different susceptibility to antibiotics. A phylogenetic tree derived from 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a distinct PLS229T phyletic lineage positioning it between Xylella fastidiosa and members of the genus Xanthomonas . On the basis of these data, a novel species, Xylella taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PLS229T (=BCRC 80915T=JCM 31187T).
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Reclassification of the larval pathogen for marine bivalves Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus as Vibrio europaeus sp. nov.
The Orientalis clade has a relevant significance for bivalve aquaculture since it includes the pathogens Vibrio bivalvicida , Vibrio tubiashii subsp. tubiashii and Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus . However, the previous taxonomic description of the subspecies of V. tubiashii shows some incongruities that should be emended. In the genomic age, the comparison between genome assemblies is the key to clarify the taxonomic position of both subspecies. With this purpose, we have tested the ability of multilocus sequence analysis based on eight housekeeping gene sequences (gap A, gyr B, fts Z, mre B, pyr H, rec A, rpo A and top A), different in silico genome-to-genome comparisons, chemotaxonomic features and phenotypic traits to reclassify the subspecies V. tubiashii subsp. europaeus within the Orientalis clade. This polyphasic approach clearly demonstrated that this subspecies is phylogenetically and phenotypically distinct from V. tubiashii and should be elevated to the rank of species as Vibrio europaeus sp. nov. This reclassification allows us to update the Orientalis clade ( V. bivalvicida , V. brasiliensis , V. crosai , V. hepatarius , V. orientalis , V. sinaloensis , V. tubiashii and V. europaeus sp. nov.) and reconstruct a better phylogeny of the genus Vibrio . An emended description of V. tubiashii is provided. Finally, the proposed novel species is represented by emergent bivalve pathogens [type strain PP-638T (=CECT 8136T=DSM 27349T), PP2-843 and 07/118 T2] responsible for high mortalities in Spanish and French hatcheries.
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Mesorhizobium sediminum sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment
A novel Gram-staining-negative, short rod, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM M12096T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Indian Ocean. Optimal growth conditions of the strain were observed at 25–30 °C, pH 6.0 and in the presence of 3–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM M12096T was closely related to Nitratireductor indicus C115T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum SJTT (97.3 %). The strain, however, formed a robust clade with members of the genus Mesorhizobium in phylogenetic dendrograms generated with neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees. Analysis based on the sequence of housekeeping gene recA also gave a similar phylogenetic relationship, indicating that strain YIM M12096T is a member of the genus Mesorhizobium . DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M12096T and related type strains N. indicus CCTCC AB209298T and M. thiogangeticum DSM 17097T were 40.5 % and 36.7 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic features of the isolate included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified phospholipid as its characteristic polar lipids and Q-10 as respiratory ubiquinone. Major fatty acids (>10 %) detected were C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c, 11-methyl-C18 : 1 ω7c and cyclo-C19 : 0 ω8c. Based on the chemotaxonomic properties and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM M12096T is determined to be a member of the genus Mesorhizobium . The strain could be differentiated from the closely related species by the differences in physiological and biochemical properties supported by low DNA–DNA relatedness values. It is therefore concluded that strain YIM M12096T represents a novel species of the genus Mesorhizobium , for which the name Mesorhizobium sediminum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M12096T (=CCTCC AB 2014219T=KCTC 42205T).
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Allofrancisella inopinata gen. nov., sp. nov. and Allofrancisella frigidaquae sp. nov., isolated from water-cooling systems, and transfer of Francisella guangzhouensis Qu et al. 2013 to the new genus as Allofrancisella guangzhouensis comb. nov.
Five bacterial strains (SYSU YG23T, SYSU 10HL1970T, 10HP82-10, 10HL1938, 10HP457) isolated from water reservoirs of cooling systems were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile. Growth was enhanced in the presence of l-cysteine. The major fatty acids (>5 %) for the five strains were C10 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 0 3-OH and C18 : 1 ω9c. Ubiquinone-8 was detected as the respiratory quinone while the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids. The strains shared 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.0–99.2 % with Francisella guangzhouensis 08HL01032T but less than 95.2 % with other members of the family Francisellaceae . The phylogenetic dendrogram based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains form a separate cluster along with Francisella guangzhouensis . This cluster was also confirmed from multilocus-sequence typing based on sequences of the mdhA, rpoB and sdhA genes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS analyses of the strains along with closely and distantly related Francisella strains also showed a distinct cluster for these strains. Based on the findings from the polyphasic taxonomy studies, the strains were considered to represent two novel species of a new genus for which the names Allofrancisella inopinata gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain SYSU YG23T=KCTC 42968T=DSM 101834T) and Allofrancisella frigidaquae sp. nov. (type strain SYSU 10HL1970T=KCTC 42969T=DSM 101835T) are proposed. In addition, Francisella guangzhouensis Qu et al. 2013 is proposed to be transferred to this new genus as Allofrancisella guangzhouensis comb. nov.
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Piscinibacter defluvii sp. nov., isolated from a sewage treatment plant, and emended description of the genus Piscinibacter Stackebrandt et al. 2009
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated SH-1T, was isolated from activated sludge in Korea. Cells were motile rods with a single polar flagellum, showing oxidase-positive and catalase-negative activities. Growth was observed at 25–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Strain SH-1T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, C12 : 0, summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C10 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and ubiquinone-8 as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophospholipid, one phospholipid, five unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids were also detected as the minor polar lipids. The predominant polyamines were 2-hydroxyputrescine, cadaverine and putrescine. The DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SH-1T formed a tight phyletic lineage with Piscinibacter aquaticus IMCC1728T with a 98.3 % sequence similarity. However, the DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain SH-1T and the type strain of P. aquaticus was 38.0±1.8 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain SH-1T represents a novel species of the genus Piscinibacter , for which the name Piscinibacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SH-1T (=KACC 18594T=JCM 31230T). An emended description of the genus Piscinibacter is also proposed.
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Marinibaculum pumilum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped strain, designed H2T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean, and subjected to a taxonomic investigation using a polyphasic approach. Strain H2T grew at 15–40 °C and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum 37 °C and pH 6.5), and with 1–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major fatty acids identified were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C18 : 1 ω7c, C18 : 0 and 11-methyl-C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipids of strain H2T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid, one unknown glycolipid and three unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 75.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain H2T formed a distinct clade belong to the family Rhodospirillaceae within the Alphaproteobacteria . On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, together with the results of phylogenetic analysis, strain H2T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Rhodospirillaceae, for which the name Marinibaculum pumilum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is H2T(=MCCC 1K02279T=KCTC 42964T).
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- Eukaryotic micro-organisms
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Pseudochaetosphaeronema ginkgonis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from Ginkgo biloba
More LessAn endophytic strain (designated as SYPF 7195T) was isolated from a branch of a ginkgo tree in Liaoning province of China. Strain SYPF 7195T was characterized by its grey to greyish-green aerial mycelium, velvety to floccose surface and swelling near the septa. Phylogenetic analyses, which were inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial sequences of the LSU and SSU of the rDNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), showed that strain SYPF 7195T belonged to the genus Pseudochaetosphaeronema, and was distinct from all other species with high bootstrap-supported values (92 %). Strain SYPF 7195T constitutes a separate evolutionary clade with Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense and Pseudochaetosphaeronema martinelli, with P. martinelli as its closest phylogenetic neighbour. The nucleotide differences between strain SYPF 7195T and P. martinelli were 71 substitutions in the ITS region. Strain SYPF 7195Tcould also be distinguished from P. martinelli by a number of physiological characteristics. Combined with morphology and molecular analyses, strain SYPF 7195T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Pseudochaetosphaeronema, for which the name Pseudochaetosphaeronema ginkgonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBS 140953T (=CGMCC 3.17865T=SYPF 7195T). The Mycobank number is MB 816567.
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Penicillium pedernalense sp. nov., isolated from whiteleg shrimp heads waste compost
More LessNovel Penicillium-like strains were isolated during the characterization of the mycobiota community dynamics associated with shrimp waste composting. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial β-tubulin (BenA) gene and the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) sequences revealed that the novel strains were members of section Lanata-Divaricata and were closely related to Penicillium infrabuccalum DAOMC 250537T. On the basis of morphological and physiological characterization, and phylogenetic analysis, a novel Penicillium species, Penicillium pedernalense sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is F01-11T (=CBS 140770T=CECT 20949T), which was isolated from whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) heads waste compost in the Pedernales region (Manabí province, Ecuador).
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Sugiyamaella mastotermitis sp. nov. and Papiliotrema odontotermitis f.a., sp. nov. from the gut of the termites Mastotermes darwiniensis and Odontotermes obesus
More LessTwo novel yeast species were isolated from the guts of two different termite species. A new member of the genus Sugiyamaella was isolated from the hindgut and nest material of the lower Australian termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. The second novel yeast species, isolated from the higher termite Odontotermes obesus, was identified as a member of the genus Papiliotrema. Both yeast species were able to hydrolyse xylan, methylumbelliferyl β-xylobiose and methylumbelliferyl β-xylotriose. The ability to debranch different hemicellulose side chains and growth without the addition of external vitamins was observed. A symbiotic role of the novel yeast species is indicated, especially in respect to xylan degradation and the production of vitamins. Here, we describe these species as Sugiyamaella mastotermitis sp. nov., MycoBank 816574 (type strain MD39VT=DSM 100793T=CBS 14182T), and Papiliotrema odontotermitis f.a., sp. nov., MycoBank 816575 (type strain OO5T=DSM 100791T=CBS 14181T). Additionally, we transfer Candida qingdaonensis to the genus Sugiyamaella and propose the following combination: Sugiyamaella qingdaonensis f.a., comb. nov., MycoBank 816576.
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Five novel species in the Lodderomyces clade associated with insects
More LessDuring a survey of yeasts associated with insects in Central China's natural ecosystems, 116 yeast strains were isolated from the gut of adult insects in two families and from one beetle larva. Among the yeasts isolated in this study, 102 strains were identified as 20 known species in the class Saccharomycetes. The remaining 14 strains were identified as representing five novel species in the Lodderomyces clade based on the combined sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, as well as other taxonomic characteristics. Lodderomyces beijingensis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 14171T=CICC 33087T=NYNU 15764T) formed a clade with Lodderomyces elongisporus and Candida oxycetoniae. The other four novel species, namely Candida margitis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 14175T=CICC 33091T=NYNU 15857T), Candida xiaguanensis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 13923T=CICC 33056T=NYNU 1488T), Candida parachauliodis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 13928T=CICC 33058T=NYNU 14959T) and Candida coleopterorum sp. nov. (type strain CBS 14180T=CICC 33084T=NYNU 1582T), showed close relationships to the species near Candida parapsilosis, Candida sakaeoensis, Candida chauliodes and Candida corydalis. Descriptions of these novel yeast species are provided as well as discussions of their ecology in relation to their insect hosts.
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- Evolution, Phylogeny and Biodiversity
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Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus based on whole genome phylogenetic analyses, and proposed reclassification of Streptococcus dentisani as Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani comb. nov., Streptococcus tigurinus as Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus comb. nov., and Streptococcus oligofermentans as a later synonym of Streptococcus cristatus
More LessThe Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus currently comprises 20 species with validly published names, including the pathogen S. pneumoniae . They have been the subject of much taxonomic confusion, due to phenotypic overlap and genetic heterogeneity, which has hampered a full appreciation of their clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to critically re-examine the taxonomy of the Mitis group using 195 publicly available genomes, including designated type strains for phylogenetic analyses based on core genomes, multilocus sequences and 16S rRNA gene sequences, combined with estimates of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico and in vitro analyses of specific phenotypic characteristics. Our core genomic phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct clades that, to some extent, and from the clustering of type strains represent known species. However, many of the genomes have been incorrectly identified adding to the current confusion. Furthermore, our data show that 16S rRNA gene sequences and ANI are unsuitable for identifying and circumscribing new species of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococci. Based on the clustering patterns resulting from core genome phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that S. oligofermentans is a later synonym of S. cristatus . The recently described strains of the species Streptococcus dentisani includes one previously referred to as ‘ S. mitis biovar 2’. Together with S. oralis , S. dentisani and S. tigurinus form subclusters within a coherent phylogenetic clade. We propose that the species S. oralis consists of three subspecies: S. oralis subsp. oralis subsp. nov., S. oralis subsp. tigurinus comb. nov., and S. oralis subsp. dentisani comb. nov.
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- ICSP Matters
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Priority of the genus name Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980) vs Sarcina Goodsir 1842 (Approved Lists 1980) and the creation of the illegitimate combinations Clostridium maximum (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016 and Clostridium ventriculi (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016 that may not be used
More LessIn a recent publication that attempts to deal with the growing problem of taxa being added to the genus Clostridium that are outside of Clostridium (16S rRNA) group I, a solution is proposed that seeks to limit the genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980) to a small number of species ‘related’ to the type species, Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980). It has been proposed that this genus should also include members of the genus Sarcina Goodsir 1842 (Approved Lists 1980), Sarcina maxima Lindner 1888 (Approved Lists 1980) and Sarcina ventriculi Goodsir 1842 (Approved Lists 1980), the latter being the nomenclatural type of the genus Sarcina Goodsir 1842 (Approved Lists 1980). In making proposals to treat the genus name Sarcina Goodsir 1842 (Approved Lists 1980) as a synonym of Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980), reference is made to the wording of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. However, while that wording is factually correct, other parts of the Code are relevant to this issue and clearly indicate that the proposed course of action is not sanctioned by texts that have not been directly made reference to. Rather than avoiding confusion it has been contributed to, and it is necessary to document where the problems lie.
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The undesirable retroactive changes to Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
More LessChanges have been made to Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes that caters for the names and nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. The changes are retroactive because they are not specifically restricted in time. Consequently, that influences names of classes and subclasses and their nomenclatural types that have previously appeared in print.
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Rule 27 of the International Code of Nomenclature of prokaryotes: the basonym is not enough
More LessProposals to make changes to the wording of Rule 27 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes have been made that include the requirement to make reference to the basonym of a new combination. While this is a step in the right direction, it does not solve problems where new combinations are associated with multiple heterotypic synonyms and the new combination is based on the selection of the genus name or species epithet that is contrary to the Rules.
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The nomenclatural type of the genus Methanocorpusculum Zellner et al. 1988 and the selection of the correct name
More LessA recent Request for an Opinion has raised the issue of the inter-relationship between Methanocorpusculum parvum Zellner et al. 1988, the type species of the genus Methanocorpusculum Zellner et al. 1988 as defined at the time of valid publication of the genus name and the subsequent recognition of Methanocorpusculum aggregans (Ollivier et al., 1985) Xun et al.1989 as an earlier heterotypic synonym. Examination of the relevant literature indicates that there are a number of misunderstandings that have arisen. In particular misinterpretation of Rule 15 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes continues to be a source of confusion. Additional problems centre on whether the nomenclatural type of a taxon continues to be the nomenclatural type even if that name is not treated as the correct name and would not appear in a list of names in a given classification. It would be appropriate to clarify these issues.
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The relationship of validly published names to legitimate and illegitimate names in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
More LessThe International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes defines validly published names, legitimate names and illegitimate names, but does not clearly define the inter-relationship between them. Clarification is required.
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Are Rules 20d and 20e of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes superfluous?
More LessThe wording of Rule 20d and 20e of the 1975, 1990 and 2008 revisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria/Prokaryotes deals with problems that may arise when the nomenclatural type of a genus was not designated or when there are problems determining what the nomenclatural type should be. However, Rule 16 states that a nomenclatural type must be designated, while Rule 27 clearly states that a requirement of valid publication is the designation of a type for a new taxon and this is reinforced under Rule 29 that deals with the valid publication of a genus or subgenus name. Furthermore, the wording of Rule 18a and Rule 30 strongly suggests that the type of problem envisaged with regards the species included in the genus should no longer occur. The wording of Rule 20d and 20e appears to have originated in earlier revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and may no longer be relevant in the 1975, 1990 and 2008 revisions due to significant changes made in those revisions.
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On the synonymy of Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980), an old problem in need of a solution
More LessEdwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) and Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980) are known to be synonyms that share the same nomenclatural type. Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) is the nomenclatural type of the genus Edwardsiella Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980). The question of the priority of the epithet anguillimortifera Hoshina 1962 over the epithet tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 has been raised in the past, and a Request for an Opinion to conserve the epithet tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 in Edwardsiella tarda Ewing and McWhorter 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) was published but later withdrawn. Close examination of the wording of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokayotes indicates that there may be problems associated with the nomenclatural type of Edwardsiella anguillimortifera (Hoshina 1962) Sakazaki and Tamura 1975 (Approved Lists 1980). Additional issues also arise with the recognition of homonyms under other codes of nomenclature.
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The wording and examples given in Rule 47a of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes are misleading
More LessRule 47a of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes contains wording that is misleading. The examples given also give the wrong impression with regards the role of genus names in determining the priority of names at a higher taxonomic rank.
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- Corrigendum
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)