- Volume 68, Issue 3, 2018
Volume 68, Issue 3, 2018
- Validation List
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- Notification List
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- New Taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Epidermidibacterium keratini gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Sporichthyaceae, isolated from keratin epidermis
More LessA novel actinobacterial strain, designated EPI-7T, was isolated on R2A agar from human skin (keratinocytes) and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain EPI-7T showed a Gram-positive reaction, was non-motile, non-spore-forming, and cells had a rod-shape. Colonies were round, convex and pale yellow. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with cultured members of the genera Modestobacter and Sporichthya . The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with respect to the type strains of recognized species from the above genera and other phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 92.6 to 93.4 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.9 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids detected were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified amino lipids and three unidentified lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. Whole-cell sugars present included rhamnose, glucose and galactose. The combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data allowed differentiation of strain EPI-7T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours and provided evidence that strain EPI-7T represents a novel genus and species in the family Sporichthyaceae . The name Epidermidibacterium keratini gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain being EPI-7T (=KCCM 90264T=JCM 31644T).
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Actinotalea solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil and emended description of the genus Actinotalea
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile and short-rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated THG-T121T, was isolated from forest soil. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), at pH 6–8 (optimum 7) and at 0–4 % NaCl (optimum 1 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T121T were identified as Actinotalea ferrariae KCTC 29134T (97.9 %), Actinotalea fermentans KCTC 3251T (97.3 %), Cellulomonas carbonis KCTC 19824T (97.2 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities among strain THG-T121T and other recognized species were lower than 97.0 %. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone (MK-10(H4)). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 1 A, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The whole-cell sugars of strain THG-T121T were rhamnose, ribose, mannose and glucose. The peptidoglycan type of strain THG-T121T is A4β, containing l-Orn–D-Ser–L-Asp. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T121T was 72.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THG-T121T and A. ferrariae KCTC 29134T, A. fermentans KCTC 3251T and C. carbonis KCTC 19824T were 30.2 % (27.3 %, reciprocal analysis), 28.4 %, (17.3 %) and 16.9 %, (9.3 %), respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T121T represents a novel species of the genus Actinotalea , for which the name Actinotalea solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-T121T (=KACC 19191T=CGMCC 4.7389T).
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Tsukamurella ocularis sp. nov. and Tsukamurella hominis sp. nov., isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Hong Kong
Three bacterial strains, HKU63T, HKU64 and HKU65T, were isolated from the conjunctival swabs of three patients with conjunctivitis in Hong Kong. The three strains were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, non-sporulating and non-motile bacilli and exhibited unique biochemical profiles distinguishable from closely related Tsukamurella species. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the three strains shared identical sequences with each other, being most closely related to Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens and Tsukamurella pulmonis, sharing 99.9 % sequence identity. Sequence analysis of three additional housekeeping genes, groEL, secA and rpoB, revealed 100 % nucleotide sequence identity between HKU63T and HKU64, 94.2–97.0 % nucleotide sequence identities between HKU63T/HKU64 and HKU65T and the three strains shared 82.9–98.9 % sequence identities with other currently recognized Tsukamurella species. DNA–DNA hybridization confirmed that they were distinct from other known species of the genus Tsukamurella (23.0±4.2 to 50.7±3.7 % DNA–DNA relatedness), of which HKU63T and HKU64 represented the same species (≥95.2±4.8 % DNA–DNA relatedness) while HKU65T represented another species. Fatty acid, mycolic acid, cell-wall sugar and peptidoglycan analyses showed that they were typical of members of Tsukamurella . The G+C content of strains HKU63T, HKU64 and HKU65T were 71.3±1.9, 71.3±2.0 and 71.2±2.3 mol% (mean±sd; n=3), respectively. A novel species, Tsukamurella ocularis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strains HKU63T and HKU64, with HKU63T (=JCM 31969T=DSM 105034T) designated as the type strain whilst another novel species, Tsukamurella hominis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate the third strain, HKU65T, which is designated as the type strain (=JCM 31971T=DSM 105036T).
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Saccharopolyspora deserti sp. nov., a novel halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a desert
Strain SYSU D8010T was isolated from a desert sand sample collected in Saudi Arabia. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by the polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolate was found to be Gram-positive and aerobic. The strain was able to grow at 14–40 °C, pH 5.0–9.0 and in the presence of up to 22 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SYSU D8010T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall diamino acid, and arabinose, fucose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as the whole-cell sugars. The primary polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannosides. Menaquinone MK-9(H4) was detected as the respiratory quinone; and anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU D8010T had a sequence similarity of 97.8 % to Saccharopolyspora halophila YIM 90500T. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU D8010T was determined to be 69.9 mol%. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU D8010T was determined to represent a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora , for which the name Saccharopolyspora deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is SYSU D8010T (=KCTC 39989T=CPCC 204620T).
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A novel genus of the class Actinobacteria, Longivirga aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from lake sediment
More LessA novel actinobacterial strain, designated X5T, was isolated from the sediment of Taihu Lake in China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The strain formed orange–red colonies comprising aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped cells on R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was closely related to the genus Sporichthya and consistently formed a distinct clade along with the members of this genus. The closest phylogenetic neighbour was Sporichthya polymorpha NBRC 12702T with 93.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 (18.7 %), C18 : 1ω9c (18.6 %) and C17 : 1ω8c (14.0 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 74.4 mol%. The organism contained menaquinone MK-8(H2), MK-9(H4) and an unidentified menaquinone. Polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified lipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. Based on the physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, the organism is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Longivirga aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X5T (=CGMCC 4.7317T=NBRC 112237T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Chitinophaga humicola sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil
More LessA yellow-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Ktm-2T, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Strain Ktm-2T was able to grow at 15 to 40 °C, pH 4.5–10.0 and 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. This strain was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain Ktm-2T represented a member of the genus Chitinophaga and shared highest sequence similarity with Chitinophaga barathri YLT18T (98.1 %), Chitinophaga cymbidii R156-2T (96.4 %) and Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10T (96.3 %). The only respiratory quinone was menaqunone-7, the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 52.1 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Ktm-2T and C. barathri YLT18T was 22.0 %, which falls below the threshold value of 70 % for the strain to be considered a novel species. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain Ktm-2T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga , for which the name Chitinophaga humicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ktm-2T (=KEMB 9005-693T=KACC 19388T=JCM 32158T).
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Arenibacter catalasegens sp. nov., isolated from marine surface sediment, and emended description of the genus Arenibacter
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as P308H10T, was isolated from surface sediment of the Southern Indian Ocean. Growth occurred at 4–36 °C (optimum 20–25 °C), pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum 7.5–8.0) and in the presence of 1–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2–3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain P308H10T lies within the clade of members of the genus Arenibacter and is closely related to Arenibacter hampyeongensis HP12T (98.0 %), Arenibacter echinorum KMM 6032T (98.4 %), Arenibacter palladensis LMG 21972T (97.9 %), Arenibacter troitsensis KMM 3674T (97.9 %) and ‘ Arenibacter algicola’ TG409 (98.1 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain P308H10T and the five reference strains were 85.9–80.6 % and 30.2–23.6 %, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain P308H10T were summed feature 3, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data presented, strain P308H10T represents a novel species of the genus Arenibacter , for which the name Arenibacter catalasegens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P308H10T (=GDMCC 1.1230T=KCTC 52983T). An emended description of the genus Arenibacter is also proposed.
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Euzebyella algicola sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from green algae
A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, gliding, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium, designated MEBiC 12267T, was isolated from green algae of Jeju Island. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain MEBiC 12267T was affiliated to the genus Euzebyella of the family Flavobacteriaceae and showed the highest similarity to Euzebyella marina KCTC 42440T (98.5 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain MEBiC 12267T with E. marina KCTC 42440T was 25 %. Growth was observed at 10–37 °C (optimum, 30–33 °C), at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, 8.0–8.5) and with 0.5–9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5–3.5 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 40.7 mol%. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that the strain MEBiC 12267T represents a novel species within the genus Euzebyella, for which the name Euzebyella algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of E. algicola is MEBiC 12267T (=KCCM 43264T=JCM 32170T).
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Flavobacterium ovatum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from an Antarctic intertidal sandy beach
A rod-shaped, Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacterium with no flexirubin-type pigment, designated as W201ET, was isolated from an intertidal sandy beach in Antarctica. The organism formed faintly yellow, round colonies on marine agar 2216E. The strain required sea salts for growth and grew optimally in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 7.0, 20 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain W201ET belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and showed the highest sequence similarity to Flavobacterium algicola NBRC 102673T (96.5 %). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6, and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (which comprises C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The polar lipids of strain W201ET comprised one phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain W201ET was 34.1 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic analyses, this isolate was considered to represent a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium ovatum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W201ET (=KCTC 52693T=MCCC 1K03251T=CGMCC 1.16053T).
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Terrimonas soli sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil
A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium that produced yellow viscous colonies, designated FL-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Chuzhou, Anhui province, PR China. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain FL-8T and the type strains of species of the genus Terrimonas with validly published names ranged from 94.6 to 96.1 %. Strain FL-8T contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The predominant polar lipid of strain FL-8T was phosphatidylethanolamine. The sole respiratory quinone of strain FL-8T was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain FL-8T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terrimonas , for which the name Terrimonas soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FL-8T (=CCTCC AB 2017059T=JCM 32095T).
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Chryseobacterium glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the surface of a glacier in the Indian trans-Himalayas
A novel bacterial strain, IHBB 10212T, of the genus Chryseobacterium was isolated from a glacier near the Kunzum Pass located in the Lahaul-Spiti in the North-Western Himalayas of India. The cells were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-sporulating, single rods, lacked flagella, and formed yellow to orange pigmented colonies. The strain utilized maltose, trehalose, sucrose, gentibiose, glucose, mannose, fructose, mannitol, arabitol and salicin for growth. Flexirubin-type pigments were produced by strain IHBB 10212T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed relatedness of strain IHBB 10212T to Chryseobacterium polytrichastri DSM 26899T (97.43 %), Chryseobacterium greenlandense CIP 110007T (97.29 %) and Chryseobacterium aquaticum KCTC 12483T (96.80 %). Iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) constituted the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids present were six unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. MK-6 was identified as the major quinone. The DNA G+C content was 34.08 mol%. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization of strain IHBB 10212T with C. polytrichastri , C. greenlandense and C. aquaticum showed values far below the prescribed thresholds of 95 % for average nucleotide identity and 70 % for the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator for species delineation. Based on its differences from validly published Chryseobacterium species, strain IHBB 10212T is identified as a new species, for which the proposed name is Chryseobacterium glaciei sp. nov., with IHBB 10212T as the type strain (=MTCC 12457T=JCM 31156T=KACC 19170T).
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Muricauda indica sp. nov., isolated from deep sea water
More LessA taxonomic study was carried out on strain 3PC125-7T, which was isolated from the deep sea water of the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was rod-shaped, non-flagellated, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive and strictly aerobic. Optimal growth was observed at 25–37 °C, at pH 7 and in 1–3 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 3PC125-7T represents a member of the genus Muricauda , with the highest sequence similarity to Muricauda olearia CL-SS4T (96.7 %), followed by Muricauda marina H19-56T (96.7 %) and nine other species of the genus Muricauda (93.5–95.8 %). The principal fatty acids of 3PC125-7T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1G and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified phospholipids and three unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of 3PC125-7T was 41.8 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study, strain 3PC125-7T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Muricauda , for which the name Muricauda indica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 3PC125-7T (=MCCC 1A03198T=KCTC 52318T).
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Pedobacter agrisoli sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated YHM-9T, was isolated from soil in Yangquan, Shanxi Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YHM-9T belonged to the genus Pedobacter and shared the highest similarity (97.4 %) to the type strain Pedobacter lignilitoris W-WS13T. Strain YHM-9T exhibited low DNA–DNA relatedness with P. lignilitoris W-WS13T (21.7±1.3 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, the major polyamine was sym-homospermidine and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YHM-9T was recognized as a representative of a novel species within the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YHM-9T (=JCM 32093T=CCTCC AB 2017125T).
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Aquimarina algiphila sp. nov., a chitin degrading bacterium isolated from the red alga Tichocarpus crinitus
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-orange pigmented flavobacterium, designated strain 9Alg 151T, was isolated from the Pacific red alga Tichocarpus crinitus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain fell into the genus Aquimarina of the family Flavobacteriaceae with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity range of 94.2–98.2 % to the recognized species of the genus. Strain 9Alg 151T grew in the presence of 0.5–5 % NaCl and at 5–34 °C, and hydrolysed aesculin, agar, gelatin, starch, Tween 40, DNA and chitin. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω8c and summed feature 3. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was 32.6 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data, and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, strain 9Alg 151T represents a novel species of the genus Aquimarina , for which the name Aquimarina algiphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9Alg 151T (=KCTC 23622T=KMM 6462T).
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Dokdonia flava sp. nov., isolated from the seaweed Zostera marina
More LessA non-motile, proteorhodopsin-containing, yellow and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated ZODW10T, was isolated from the seaweed Zostera marina collected from the West Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-motile. The isolate required sea salts for growth. A carotenoid pigment was produced. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZODW10T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing members of the genus Dokdonia with Dokdonia diaphoros CIP 108745T (96.7 % sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbour. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. Strain ZODW10T contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid as the only isoprenoid quinone and the major polar lipids, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain ZODW10T was 36 mol%. On the basis of the present polyphasic characterization, it is suggested that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Dokdonia , for which the name Dokdonia flava sp. nov. (type strain, ZODW10T=KCTC 52953T=JCM 32293T) is proposed.
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Flavobacterium kingsejongi sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing species isolated from Antarctic penguin faeces
More LessTaxonomic studies were carried out on a carotenoid-producing strain, designated WV39T, isolated from the faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain WV39T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow and rod-shaped. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WV39T was closely related to Flavobacterium qiangtangense JCM 19739T (96.3 % similarity), Flavobacterium noncentrifugens NBRC 108844T (95.5 %) and Flavobacterium aquatile LMG 4008T (94.9 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). Menaquinone-6 was the sole quinone identified, and the major pigment was zeaxanthin. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain WV39T with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 41.8 % for F. qiangtangense JCM 19739T, 25.5 % for F. aquatile LMG 4008T and 25.2 % for F. noncentrifugens NBRC 108844T. The DNA G+C content of strain WV39T was 39.8 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain WV39T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium kingsejongi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WV39T (=KCTC 42908T=CECT 9085T).
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Flavisolibacter metallilatus sp. nov., isolated from an automotive air conditioning system and emended description of the genus Flavisolibacter
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and pale yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain TX0661T, was isolated from an automotive air conditioning system collected in the Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain TX0661T was grouped with members of the genus Flavisolibacter and the strain had 98.2–95.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the species of the genus Flavisolibacter . DNA–DNA relatedness between TX0661T and Flavisolibacter ginsenosidimutans KCTC 22818T and Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli KCTC 12657T was less than 30 %. The low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness identified strain TX0661T as a novel species in the genus Flavisolibacter . The strain grew at 28–37 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v, optimum, 0.5 %) NaCl. It contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as major fatty acids and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile revealed that the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, aminoglycophospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 49.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain TX0661T represents a novel species in the genus Flavisolibacter , for which the name Flavisolibacter metallilatus sp. nov. (=KACC 19145T=KCTC 52779T=NBRC 111784T) is proposed.
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Spirosoma horti sp. nov., isolated from apple orchard soil
More LessA Gram-negative, motile by gliding, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated S7-3-19T, was isolated from apple orchard soil in Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Republic of Korea, and characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain S7-3-19T belonged to the family Cytophagaceae and was most closely related to Spirosoma linguale DSM 74T (96.38 %), Spirosoma fluviale MSd3T (96.38 %), Spirosoma pulveris JSH5-14T (96.35 %) and Spirosoma radiotolerans DG5AT (96.24 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics supported the classification of strain S7-3-19T within the genus Spirosoma . Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c; 46.7 %) and C16 : 1ω5c (23.8 %) were the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids were the major polar lipids. Menaquinone with seven isoprene units was the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain S7-3-19T was 48.6 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic features, strain S7-3-19T represents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma , for which the name Spirosoma horti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S7-3-19T (=KCTC 52728T=JCM 32131T).
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Hymenobacter profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-pigmented, aerobic bacterium, strain M2T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the western Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1000 m and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. Strain M2T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells grew at 4–33 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6–9 (optimum, 7) and with 0–4 % (w/v) (optimum, 1 %) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M2T was associated with the genus Hymenobacter. Strain M2T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Hymenobacter actinosclerus CCUG 39621T (95.7 %), Hymenobacter tibetensis XTM003T (95.6 %) and Hymenobacter psychrotolerans Tibet-IIU11T (95.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 59.98 mol%. Strain M2T contained C16 : 1ω5c (25.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (23.9 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c, 20.4 %) as major cellular fatty acids. The major quinone of strain M2T was menaquinone 7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major polyamine of strain M2T was sym-homospermidine. The phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain M2T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M2T (=CCTCC AB 2017185T=KCTC 62120T).
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- Firmicutes and related organisms
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Xylanibacillus composti gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from compost
A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterial strain, designated as K13T, was isolated from compost and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed highest similarity (93.8 %) to Paenibacillus nanensis MX2-3T. Cells of strain K13T were aerobic, motile rods. The major fatty acids were anteiso C15 : 0 (34.4 %), iso C16 : 0 (17.3 %) and C16 : 0 (10.0 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7, the polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and an aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 52.3 %. Based on phenotypic, including chemotaxonomic characteristics and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, it was concluded that strain K13T represents a novel genus, for which the name Xylanibacillus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type species of the genus is Xylanibacillus composti, the type strain of which is strain K13T (=DSM 29793T=NCAIM B.02605T).
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Lactobacillus panisapium sp. nov., from honeybee Apis cerana bee bread
Cong Wang, Yan Huang, Li Li, Jun Guo, Zhengyun Wu, Yu Deng, Lirong Dai and Shichun MaA novel facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus , designated strain Bb 2-3T, was isolated from bee bread of Apis cerana collected from a hive in Kunming, China. The strain was regular rod-shaped. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 6.5 with 5.0 g l−1 NaCl. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 iso. Respiratory quinones were not detected. Seven glycolipids, three lipids, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were detected. The peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp was determined. Strain Bb 2-3T was closely related to Lactobacillus bombicola DSM 28793T, Lactobacillus apis LMG 26964T and Lactobacillus helsingborgensis DSM 26265T, with 97.8, 97.6 and 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain Bb 2-3T was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus . The average nucleotide identity between strain Bb 2-3T and the type strains of closely related species was lower than the 95–96 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Bb 2-3T was 37.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain Bb 2-3T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which we propose the name Lactobacillus panisapium sp. nov. The type strain is Bb 2-3T (=DSM 102188T=ACCC 19955T).
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Ornithinibacillus salinisoli sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline-alkali soil
A taxonomic study was performed on strain LCB256T, which was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample taken from northwestern China. Cells of strain LCB256T were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and grew at 3–17 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10–15 %), 10–52 °C (optimum 25–30 °C) and pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum 8.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LCB256T was most closely related to the two genera of Ornithinibacillus and Oceanobacillus , showing highest sequence similarity to Oceanobacillus limi KCTC 13823T (97.8 %) and Ornithinibacillus bavariensis WSBC 24001T (97.2 %). The peptidoglycan amino acid type was found to be A4β and the major respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-7. The polar lipid profile of strain LCB256T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified aminolipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 39.3 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain LCB256T and Ornithinibacillus halophilus KCTC 13822T and Oceanobacillus limi KCTC 13823T were 46.2 and 34.8 %, respectively. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic study, a novel species of the genus Ornithinibacillus , Ornithinibacillus salinisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LCB256T (=CGMCC 1.15809T=KCTC 33862T).
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Bacillus lacus sp. nov., isolated from a water sample of a salt lake in India
A strictly aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK74T, was isolated from a water sample collected from Sambhar salt lake, Rajasthan, India. Colonies were circular, 1.2 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, whitish and convex with an entire margin after 48 h growth at 37 °C with pH 9.0. Growth occurred at 25–42 °C, 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl and at a pH of 7–12. Strain AK74T was positive for aesculinase, caseinase, lipase activities and negative for oxidase, catalase, amylase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase and urease activities. The fatty acids were dominated by branched iso-, anteiso- and saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G+C content of strain AK74T was 51.6 mol%. A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus niabensis , Bacillus idriensis and Bacillus halosaccharovorans were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarities of 96.6, 96.6 and 96.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain AK74T clustered with Bacillus mangrove and together clustered with Bacillus idriensis and Bacillus indicus . Based on its phenotypic characteristics and on phylogenetic inference, strain AK74T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AK74T (=MTCC 12638T=KCTC 33946T=JCM 32185T).
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Proteiniborus indolifex sp. nov., isolated from a thermophilic industrial-scale biogas plant
More LessA novel strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain BA2-13T, was isolated from a thermophilic industrial-scale biogas plant. Cells were rod-shaped and Gram-stain-positive. Growth occurred at temperatures of 25 to 50 °C and between pH 6.3 and 9.5. Strain BA2-13T produced indole. Cell growth was stimulated by yeast extract, peptone, meat extract, a mixture of 20 amino acids, glucose, pyruvate and ribose. When grown on peptone and yeast extract, the main fermentation products were acetic acid, H2 and CO2. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0 3-OH. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phospholipids and phosphatidylgycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence analysis placed strain BA2-13T within the order Clostridiales showing closest affiliation with Proteiniborus ethanoligenes with 95.9 % sequence identity. Physiological, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences of strain BA2-13T from P. ethanoligenes support the description of a new species within the genus Proteiniborus for which we suggest the name Proteiniborus indolifex sp. nov. (type strain BA2-13T=DSM 103060T=LMG 29818T).
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Description of Bacillus kexueae sp. nov. and Bacillus manusensis sp. nov., isolated from hydrothermal sediments
More LessTwo Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic bacilli, designated as strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T, were isolated from the hydrothermal sediments of Manus Basin in the western Pacific Ocean. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T were most closely related to Bacillus alveayuensis (97.0 and 97.2 % identity, respectively). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identity between strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T was 97.4 %. The identities between strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T and other closely related organisms were below 97.0 %. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T were 43.4 and 47.6 mol%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of both strains were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The predominant isoprenoid quinone detected in both strains was menaquinone-7. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strains Ma50-5T and Ma50-6T represent two novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the names Bacillus kexueae sp. nov. (type strain Ma50-5T=KCTC 33881T=CCTCC AB 2017020T) and Bacillus manusensis sp. nov. (type strain Ma50-6T=KCTC 33882T=CCTCC AB 2017019T), respectively, are proposed.
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Listeria costaricensis sp. nov.
A bacterial strain isolated from a food processing drainage system in Costa Rica fulfilled the criteria as belonging to the genus Listeria , but could not be assigned to any of the known species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed highest sequence similarity with the type strain of Listeria floridensis (98.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on Listeria core genomes placed the novel taxon within the Listeria fleishmannii, L. floridensis and Listeria aquatica clade ( Listeria sensu lato). Whole-genome sequence analyses based on the average nucleotide blast identity (ANI<80 %) indicated that this isolate belonged to a novel species. Results of pairwise amino acid identity (AAI>70 %) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP>68 %) with currently known Listeria species, as well as of biochemical characterization, confirmed that the strain constituted a novel species within the genus Listeria . The name Listeria costaricensis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, and is represented by the type strain CLIP 2016/00682T (=CIP 111400T=DSM 105474T).
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Desulfothermobacter acidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a terrestrial hot spring
An anaerobic sulfate-reducing micro-organism, strain 3408-1T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Kamchatka peninsula (Russia). The cells were spore-forming rods with a Gram-positive type of cell wall. The new isolate was a moderately thermoacidophilic anaerobe able to grow either by sulfate or thiosulfate respiration with H2 or formate as substrates, or by fermenting yeast extract, maltose, sucrose, glucose and pyruvate. The fermentation products were acetate, CO2 and H2. The pH range for growth was 2.9–6.5, with an optimum at 4.5. The temperature range for growth was 42–70 °C, with an optimum at 55 °C. The G+C content of DNA was 58 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain 3408-1T belongs to the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae , order Thermoanaerobacterales and was distantly related to the species of the genus Ammonifex (93–94 % sequence similarity). On the basis of physiological properties and results of phylogenetic analysis, strain 3408-1T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Desulfothermobacter acidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3408-1T (=DSM 105356T=VKM B-3183T).
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Paenibacillus translucens sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and spore-forming bacterial strain, designated CJ11T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment sample from Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea. Strain CJ11T grew optimally on R2A at 30 °C and pH 7.0. Sequencing results of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain CJ11T possesses two copies of the 16S rRNA gene varying at five nucleotide positions. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CJ11T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae and was most closely related to Paenibacillus lacus KCTC 33691T (99.36–99.15 % similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness levels of strain CJ11T was 41.7 % (reciprocal, 57.8 %) to P. lacus KCTC 33691T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.0 mol%. Strain CJ11Tcontained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified glycolipid and several unidentified lipids. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic study, strain CJ11T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus translucens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ11T (=KACC 19304T=JCM 32080T).
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- other bacteria
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Deinococcus aluminii sp. nov., isolated from an automobile air conditioning system
A Gram-stain-positive and pale pink-pigmented bacterial strain, designated ID0501T, was isolated from an automobile evaporator core collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells were aerobic and coccoidal. The strain grew at 15–40 ˚C (optimum, 37 ˚C), at pH 6.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5), and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was related to members of the genus Deinococcus and showed the highest sequence similarity, of 96.9 %, with Deinococcus metallilatus MA1002T. The major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8. The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 68.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain ID0501T represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus , for which the name Deinococcus aluminii sp. nov. (=KACC 19286T=NBRC 112889T) is proposed.
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- Proteobacteria
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Brevundimonas humi sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from forest soil
More LessDuring a study of bacterial diversity of soil, a novel strain, CA-15T, was isolated from Kyonggi University forest soil. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive and catalase- negative. Tyrosine was not oxidized but produced red pigmentation on an agar palte. Strain CA-15T hydrolysed Tween 60 and DNA. It grew at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0–9.0) and at 1.5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CA-15T formed a lineage within the family Caulobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria that was distinct from various species of the genus Brevundimonas . Brevundimonas bullata DSM 7126T was the closest member of strain CA-15T on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.48 %). Q-10 was only an isoprenoid quinone detected for strain CA-15T. The major polar lipids were 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α d-glucopyranuronosyl]glycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[α d-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-α d-glucopyranuronosylglycerol, 1,2-diacyl-3-O-[6′-phosphatidyl-α d-glucopyranosyl]glycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl and C17 : 1ω8c. The DNA G+C content of strain CA-15T was 63.6 mol%. The polyphasic characterization indicated that strain CA-15T represents a novel species in the genus Brevundimonas , for which the name Brevundimonas humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Brevundimonas humi is CA-15T (=KEMB 9005-528T=KACC 19106T=NBRC 112677T).
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Characterization of Desulfovibrio salinus sp. nov., a slightly halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a saline lake in Tunisia
More LessA novel slightly halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain P1BSRT, was isolated from water of a saline lake in Tunisia. Strain P1BSRT had motile (single polar flagellum), Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells, occurring singly or in pairs. Strain P1BSRT grew at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C (optimum 40 °C), and in a pH range between 6 and 8.5 (optimum pH 6.7). The strain required NaCl for growth (1 % w/v), and tolerated high NaCl concentration (up to 12 % w/v) with an optimum of 3 % (w/v). Sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfite served as terminal electron acceptors, but not elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate and nitrite. Strain P1BSRT utilized lactate, pyruvate, formate, d-fructose and glycerol as carbon and energy sources. The main cellular fatty acid was C16 : 0 (50.8 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain P1BSRT was affiliated to the genus Desulfovibrio , with the type strains Desulfovibrio salexigens (96.51 %), Desulfovibrio zosterae (95.68 %), Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis (94.81 %) and Desulfovibrio ferrireducens (94.73 %) as its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed to assign strain P1BSRT to a novel species of the genus Desulfovibrio , Desulfovibrio salinus sp. nov. The type strain is P1BSRT (=DSM 101510T=JCM 31065T).
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Nannocystis konarekensis sp. nov., a novel myxobacterium from an Iranian desert
An orange-coloured myxobacterium, MNa11734T, was isolated from desert in Iran. MNa11734T had rod-shaped vegetative cells, moved by gliding and was bacteriolytic. No real fruiting body formation could be observed, but sporangioles were produced on water agar. The strain was mesophilic, strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed that MNa11734T belonged to the family Nannocystaceae, genus Nannocystis and was closely related to Nannocystis pusilla Na p29T (DSM 14622T) and Nannocystis exedens Na e1T (DSM 71T), with 97.8 and 97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. Laboratory-measured DNA–DNA hybridization showed only 9.5/15.7 % (reciprocal) similarity between the novel strain and N. pusilla Na p29T, and 14.1/20.4 % between the strain and N. exedens Na e1T, whereas DNA–DNA hybridization estimates derived from draft genome sequences were 21.8–23.0 % and 22.2–23.7 %, respectively, depending on the calculation method. The G+C content of DNA from Nannocystis konarekensis MNa11734T was 73.3 mol%, for N. pusilla Nap29T it was 71.8 mol% and for N. exedens Nae1T it was 72.2 mol%. The major fatty acids of the new strain were C16 : 1 (56.2 %), iso-C17 : 0 (14.4 %), C14 : 0 (8.2 %), C16 : 0 (6.6 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (5.9 %). Strain MNa11734T exhibited phylogenetic and physiological similarities to the two other species of Nannocystis , i.e. N. pusilla and N. exedens, but the differences were sufficient enough to represent a novel species, for which the name Nannocystis konarekensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MNa11734T (=DSM 104509T=NCCB 100618T).
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Sandarakinorhabdus cyanobacteriorum sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake
More LessA bacterial strain, designated TH057T, was isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake in China. Cells were observed to be slightly curved, rod-shaped, capsule-forming and stained Gram-negative. Optimal growth was obtained at pH 7.0 (range: pH 5–9) and 30 °C (range: 20–37 °C) in R2A broth. According to the absorption spectrum, carotenoids (455 and 490 nm) and light-harvesting complex LHI (857 nm) were present in the cells. The cells were found to be positive for oxidase and catalase activities. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were identified as C17 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipid and two sphingoglycolipids. Strain TH057T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila so42T (96.8 %), followed by Polymorphobacter fuscus D40PT (95.8 %). The genomic G+C content of strain TH057T was 66.1 mol% based on total genome calculations. The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization value for the complete genomes were 81.0 and 23.0 % between strain TH057T and Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila so42T. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, and genome analysis suggested that strain TH057T represents a novel species within the genus Sandarakinorhabdus , for which the name Sandarakinorhabdus cyanobacteriorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TH057T (=CGMCC 1.15803T=LMG 30294T).
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Tritonibacter horizontis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Rhodobacteraceae, isolated from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
A heterotrophic, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, sodium-requiring and motile bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated surface water of the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Strain O3.65T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS107T and Phaeobacter inhibens T5T, both with 98.3 %, respectively. Based on complete genome analysis, highest similarity was observed to species of the genus Ruegeria . Strain O3.65T exhibited a broad salinity, temperature and pH range of 0.5–10 % NaCl, 4–45 °C and 5.5–9.0, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain O3.65T was 61.5 mol%. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), the most dominant fatty acids (>1 %) comprised 18 : 1ω7c and 18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl, 10 : 0 3OH, 12 : 1 3OH, 14 : 1 3OH/3-oxo-14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 0 2OH, 18 : 1 2OH and 12 : 1. The polar lipid pattern indicated presence of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. On Difco marine broth agar, strain O3.65T formed smooth, shiny white to beige and convex colonies with regular edges. Phylogenetic, phylogenomic and phenotypic differences revealed that strain O3.65T represents a new species of a novel genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which we propose the name Tritonibacter horizontis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is O3.65T (=DSM 101689T=LMG 29740T).
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Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. isolated from sediment of a shallow stream
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated D3T, was isolated from shallow stream sediments in Sinan-gun, South Korea. Growth occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 7.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and at an optimum NaCl concentration of 0.5 % (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids (>7 % of the total) were C16 : 0, C18 : 0 2-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The predominant quinone was ubiquinone-10, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain D3T was 73.1 mol%. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major polar lipids of the isolate were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D3T clustered with Roseomonas aquatica TR53T within the genus Roseomonas . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain D3T showed the highest sequence similarity to R. aquatica TR53T (95.9 %), followed by Roseomonas rosea 173-96T (95.7 %) and Roseomonas aerilata 5420S-30T (95.0 %). Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization, strain D3T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas , for which the name Roseomonas fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3T (=KACC 19269T=JCM 31968T).
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Proposal of Litorimonas haliclonae sp. nov., isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Haliclona
A bright-orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, strain MAA42T, was isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Haliclona, which is in long-time culture in a marine aquarium system at the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany. The strain grew at 4–34 °C (optimum 28 °C), in the presence of 0.5–9.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.5 %) and at pH 4.5–10.0 (optimum pH 7.5). Strain MAA42T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.1 %) with the type strain of Litorimonas taeanensis. Sequence similarities to all other closely related type strains were below 97 %. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain MAA42T with L. taeanensis DSM 22008T resulted in values of 4.7 % (reciprocal 17.7 %). Major cellular fatty acids of strain MAA42T were C18 : 1ω7c (66.2 %), C18 : 1 2-OH (17.4 %), and C18 : 0 (14.1 %). Spermidine was predominant in the polyamine pattern, and ubiquinone Q-10 was the major respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained the major compounds phosphatidylglycerol, monoglycosyldiglyceride, three unidentified phospholipids, and one unidentified glycolipid. Glucuronopyranosyldiglyceride was present as a minor compound. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 52.8 mol%. Based on the genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain MAA42T represents a novel species of the genus Litorimonas , for which the name Litorimonas haliclonae is proposed. The type strain is MAA42T (=CCM 8709T=CIP 111178T=LMG 29765T).
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Halioglobus lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterium, designated HF004T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China. The strain grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HF004T was a member of the genus Halioglobus , appearing to be closely related to Halioglobus pacificus (96.1 %) and Halioglobus japonicus (95.6 %). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (i.e. C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C17 : 1ω8c and C18 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 57.2 mol%. Cells of strain HF004T were rod-shaped and formed circular, mucous and beige-pigmented colonies on marine agar after incubation for 72 h at 28 °C. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain HF004T is presented as a novel species, for which the name Halioglobus lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HF004T (=KCTC 42395T=MCCC 1H00127T).
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Acinetobacter piscicola sp. nov., isolated from diseased farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)
More LessA taxonomic study was carried out on strain LW15T, which was isolated from the external lesions of diseased farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) from an intensive culture pond. Cells of strain LW15T were Gram-negative, facultative-anaerobic, non-motile, and both coccobacillus- and bacillus-shaped. Growth was observed at NaCl concentrations of 0–2 % (w/v) (optimum, 0 %), 4–32 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C) and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LW15T was affiliated to the genus Acinetobacter , showing the highest similarity to Acinetobacter guillouiae CIP 63.46T (97.7 %) and other Acinetobacter species with validly published names (93.5–97.6 %). Whole-genome sequencing and phylogeny reconstruction based on a core set of 1061 Acinetobacter genes indicated that strain LW15T was most closely related to the clade formed by A. guillouiae CIP 63.46T and Acinetobacter bereziniae CIP 70.12T and distantly related to any of the described species of genus Acinetobacter . Furthermore, strain LW15T could be distinguished from all known Acinetobacter species by its ability to assimilate β-alanine and l-arginine, but not d-glucose. The principal fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9. Polar lipids of strain LW15T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, four phospholipids, aminolipid and two unknown lipids. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic data, strain LW15T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter piscicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LW15T (=MCCC 1K03337T=CICC 24241T=KCTC 62134T=JCM 32101T).
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Uliginosibacterium sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment
More LessStrain M1-21T is a Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and short-rod-shaped bacterium, motile by means of a single polar flagellum; it was isolated from freshwater sediment in Korea. It grew at 10–40 °C (optimum 25 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0–0.75 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth occurred in the absence of NaCl) on R2A agar, and it accumulated poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules inside the cells. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain M1-21T showed highest sequence similarity with Uliginosibacterium gangwonense (94.7 %) and Uliginosibacterium paludis (94.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M1-21T belongs to the genus Uliginosibacterium . The DNA G+C content of strain M1-21T was 61.9 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain M1-21T showed distinct phenotypic characteristics that differentiated it from species of the genus Uliginosibacterium . Based on these results, strain M1-21T represents a novel species of the genus Uliginosibacterium , for which the name Uliginosibacterium sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1-21T (=KACC 19271T=JCM 32000T).
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Simplicispira soli sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium isolated from stream bank soil
More LessTwo strains of soil bacteria, designated CA-16T and CA-161, were isolated from a sample of stream bank soil near Kyonggi University. Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Colonies on tryptone soya agar were brownish cream in colour. Tyrosine, Tween 60 and Tween 40 were hydrolysed. The indole test was positive. Malic acid, lactic acid and valeric acid were assimilated. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains CA-16T and CA-161 formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae of the class Betaproteobacteria that were distinct from various species of the genus Simplicispira . Strain CA-16T was most closely related to Simplicispira metamorpha DSM 1837T (97.86 % sequence similarity), Simplicispira limi EMB325T (97.72 %), Simplicispira psychrophila DSM 11588T (96.83 %) and Simplicispira piscis RSG39T (96.71 %). Both strains contained Q-8 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids of the strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1 ω7c-11methyl, C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C12 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of the strains were 63.9–64.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization similarities between strain CA-16T and other closest members of the genus Simplicispira ranged from 16 % to 24 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strains CA-16T and CA-161 represent a single novel species of the genus Simplicispira , for which the name Simplicispira soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CA-16T (=KEMB 9005-529T=KACC 19107T=NBRC 112689T).
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Defluviimonas pyrenivorans sp. nov., a novel bacterium capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium capable of degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene was isolated from sediment of Pearl River and designated PrR001. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain was affiliated within the genus Defluviimonas in the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria and showed great similarity with the type strain Defluviimonas indica 20V17T (96.3 % similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain PrR001T was 68.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids comprised summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C18 : 0 3OH, and C18 : 0. The sole respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified phospholipids. Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain PrR001T is suggested as a novel species in the genus Defluviimonas , for which the name Defluviimonas pyrenivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Defluviimonas pyrenivorans is PrR001T (=CICC 24263T=KCTC 62192T).
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- Eukaryotic micro-organisms
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Chloromonas arctica sp. nov., a psychrotolerant alga from snow in the High Arctic (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta)
More LessWith the advent of molecular phylogenetic methods, it has become possible to assess the bioversity of snow algae more accurately. In this study, we focused on a morphological, ultrastructural and taxonomic description of a new Chloromonas-like alga isolated from snow in the High Arctic (Svalbard). Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed broad ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal–cylindrical, occasionally spherical cells with a chloroplast without a pyrenoid, an inconspicuous eyespot and a papilla. The size difference and the aforementioned morphological traits clearly distinguished the alga from its closest counterparts within the genus Chloromonas. Moreover, we were able to cultivate the alga at both 5 and 20 °C, revealing the psychrotolerant nature of the strain. Phylogenetic analyses of the plastid rbcL and nuclear 18S rRNA gene showed that the alga is nested within a clade containing a number of psychrotolerant strains within the Chloromonadinia phylogroup (Chlorophyceae). In the rbcL phylogeny, the alga formed an independent lineage, sister to the freshwater species Chloromonas paraserbinowii. Comparisons of secondary structure models of a highly variable ITS2 rDNA marker showed support for a distinct species identity for the new strain. The ITS2 secondary structure of the new isolate differed from the closest matches ‘Chlamydomonas’ gerloffii and Choloromonas reticulata by three and five compensatory base changes, respectively. Considering the morphological and molecular differences from its closest relatives, a new psychrotolerant species from the Arctic, Choromonas arctica sp. nov., is proposed.
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- Evolution, Phylogeny and Biodiversity
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Delineation of a novel subgroup 16SrXIII-J phytoplasma, a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum’-related strain, based on computer-simulated RFLP and phylogenetic analysis
Symptoms of fruit phyllody and slow growth, which are suggestive of phytoplasma infection, were observed in strawberry plants cultivated in commercial fields. In order to provide evidence of association of phytoplasma with affected plants, assays for detecting and identifying were performed through computer-simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic samples and used as template in nested PCR primed by the primers P1/Tint followed by R16F2n/16R2. Amplified DNA fragments of 1.2 kb from the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of phytoplasma in all symptomatic samples. Molecular detection was confirmed by electron transmission microscopy, which evidenced pleomorphic bodies in the phloem vessels. Nucleotide sequence representative of the strawberry phytoplasma shared 97.2 to 99 % similarity with phytoplasmas currently classified as members of the distinct subgroups within the 16SrXIII group. Similarity coefficient (F) values ranged from 0.70 to 0.92, indicating that strawberry phytoplasma delineates a new strain in addition to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum’-related strains. The evolutionary tree displayed that this strain emerges as a new branch in relation to those previously described. The novel strain, designated SFP (strawberry fruit phyllody) phytoplasma represents the new 16SrXIII-J subgroup and its sequence, denominated SFP-Br02, was deposited in the GenBank database (EU719108). These findings contribute for the knowledge of the genetic diversity existing among members of the group 16SrXIII and establishes strawberry as an additional host of representatives of this group in Brazil.
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- Taxonomic Note
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Proposal of the suffix –ota to denote phyla. Addendum to ‘Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes’
As an addendum to the earlier proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (Oren et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015;65:4284–4287) we propose the suffix –ota to denote phyla, replacing the somewhat awkward –aeota. We therefore present a new draft modified version of Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and a corrected list of names of phyla to be considered for validation after approval of the proposal to include the rank of phylum in the Code.
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- Request for Opinion
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Emended descriptions of the species Sphingomonas adhaesiva Yabuuchi et al. 1990 and Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans Choi et al. 2011
More LessDuring the phylogenetic study of the genus Sphingomonas and its closely related genera, we found that there existed errors in the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of the type species of Sphingomonas adhaesiva (D13722). Data suggested the wrong sequence should be replaced by the sequence under the accession number KY927401. As the new sequence shared 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with that of Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans, the relationship between these two species was reevaluated in the present study. Analyses, based on the whole genome sequences, phenotypic characteristics and fatty acid profiles clearly show that S. adhaesiva and Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans are two distinct species of the genus Sphingomonas. Considering the errors in the original descriptions of S. adhaesiva and S. ginsenosidimutans , we have emended the descriptions of the two species.
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- Corrigenda
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