- Volume 67, Issue 10, 2017
Volume 67, Issue 10, 2017
- Notification List
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- New taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Proposal of 'Candidatus Frankia californiensis', the uncultured symbiont in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of a phylogenetically broad group of hosts endemic to western North America
The genus Frankia comprises a group of nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria that form root-nodule symbioses with perennial dicotyledonous plants in the nitrogen-fixing clade. These bacteria have been characterized phylogenetically and grouped into four clusters (clusters 1–4). Cluster 2 contains mostly uncultured strains that induce nodules on species of the genera Datisca (Datiscaceae), Coriaria (Coriariaceae), Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) and several genera in the family Rosaceae (Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia, Dryas, Purshia), all of which except members of the genus Coriaria are present within the California Floristic Province (CFP) or neighbouring areas of western North America. Those strains occurring in western North America are genetically very closely related to one another, and genetically distinct from strains characterized from other locales. We hereby propose to create a 'Candidatus Frankia californiensis' species for those cluster 2 strains of the genus Frankia with both high genetic similarity and a geographical distribution in or near the CFP.
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Nocardioides agrisoli sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil
More LessA novel Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated djl-8T, was isolated from farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. Cells of strain djl-8T were aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The organism grew at 25–37 °C, pH 5.5–8.0 and 0.5–4.0 % NaCl (w/v). The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, 10-Me C17 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The respiratory quinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain djl-8T is a member of the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest similarity with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (97.1 %), followed by Nocardioides soli mbc-2T (96.9 %), Nocardioide spyridinolyticus OS4T (96.6 %) and Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30T (96.6 %). Strain djl-8T exhibited low DNA–DNA relatedness with Nocardioides ginkgobilobae SYP-A7303T (26.9±2.1 %). On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, strain djl-8T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is djl-8T (=KCTC 39844T=CCTCC AB 2017058T).
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Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. nov., isolated from volcanic rock
More LessA novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SKC1-2T, was isolated from volcanic rock of the scoria cone of Seobjikoji, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile and cocci. Colonies of cells were dark orange-coloured, circular, smooth and convex. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genus Pseudokineococcus . Phylogenetic neighbours were P. marinus KCCM 42250T (98.2 %, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T (98.0 %). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile included major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 74.9 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain SKC1-2T and P. lusitanus DSM 23768T or P. marinus KCCM 42250T were 37.5–38.1 % or 45.4–46.4 %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Pseudokineococcus , for which the name Pseudokineococcus basanitobsidens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SKC1-2T (=DSM 103726T=KCCM 43221T).
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Promicromonospora soli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil
More LessA novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-GS50T, was isolated from soil collected from Mount Song and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the organism should be assigned to the genus Promicromonospora and that it forms a monophyletic clade with its closest relatives Promicromonospora umidemergens JCM 17975T (98.94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Promicromonospora alba 1C-HV12T (98.82 %) and Promicromonospora kermanensis DSM45485T (98.68 %). Similarly, chemotaxonomic data including major menaquinones, fatty acid compositions and polar lipid profiles, also supported the placement of strain NEAU-GS50T in the genus Promicromonospora . However, DNA–DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-GS50T could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-GS50T represents a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora , for which the name Promicromonospora soli sp. nov. is proposed, with strain NEAU-GS50T (CGMCC4.7398T=DSM 104515T) as the type strain.
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Streptomyces cerasinus sp. nov., isolated from soil in Thailand
A novel actinomycete, strain SR3-134T, belonging to the genus Streptomyces , was isolated from soil collected from the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and ribose were detected in its whole-cell hydrolysates. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. blast analysis of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene showed 98.7 % sequence similarities to Streptomyces lanatus JCM 4588T and Streptomyces psammoticus JCM 4434T. The DNA G+C content was 71.4 mol%. Strain SR3-134T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness (12.9±4.0–44.1±1.0 %) to S. lanatus JCM 4588T and S. psammoticus JCM 4434T. The new strain could also be distinguished from its closely related strains by differences in their phenotypic characteristics. The results of taxonomic analysis suggested that strain SR3-134T represented a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces cerasinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR3-134T (=TISTR 2494T=KCTC 39910T).
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Description of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. bovis subsp. nov., isolated from cattle (Bos taurus coreanae), emended description of Mycobacterium chelonae and creation of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae subsp. nov.
Three rapidly growing mycobacterial strains, QIA-37T, QIA-40 and QIA-41, were isolated from the lymph nodes of three separate Korean native cattle, Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae). These strains were previously shown to be phylogenetically distinct but closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae ATCC 35752T by taxonomic approaches targeting three genes (16S rRNA, hsp6 and rpoB) and were further characterized using a polyphasic approach in this study. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of all three strains showed 99.7 % sequence similarity with that of the M. chelonae type strain. A multilocus sequence typing analysis targeting 10 housekeeping genes, including hsp65 and rpoB, revealed a phylogenetic cluster of these strains with M. chelonae . DNA–DNA hybridization values of 78.2 % between QIA-37T and M. chelonae indicated that it belongs to M. chelonae but is a novel subspecies distinct from M. chelonae . Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequences revealed a 95.44±0.06 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) value with M. chelonae , slightly higher than the 95.0 % ANI criterion for determining a novel species. In addition, distinct phenotypic characteristics such as positive growth at 37 °C, at which temperature M. chelonae does not grow, further support the taxonomic status of these strains as representatives of a novel subspecies of M. chelonae . Therefore, we propose an emended description of Mycobacterium chelonae , and descriptions of M. chelonae subsp. chelonae subsp. nov. and M. chelonae subsp. bovis subsp. nov. are presented; strains ATCC 35752T(=CCUG 47445T=CIP 104535T=DSM 43804T=JCM 6388T=NCTC 946T) and QIA-37T (=KCTC 39630T=JCM 30986T) are the type strains of the two novel subspecies.
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Nocardioides kandeliae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Kandelia candel
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, atrichous and short rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete, designated strain BGMRC 2075T, was isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel, and was subjected to polyphasic characterization to unravel its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BGMRC 2075T belongs to the genus Nocardioides ,showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides aestuarii JC2056T (96.1 %), Nocardioides agariphilus MSL-28T (95.1 %) and Nocardioides islandiensis MSL-26T (95.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain BGMRC 2075T were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant cell-wall sugars were composed of ribose and glucose. The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unknown phospholipids, one phospholipid of unknown structure containing glucosamine, and an unknown polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. All these data support the allocation of the novel strain to the genus Nocardioides . The results of physiological and biochemical characterization allow the phenotypic differentiation of strain BGMRC 2075T from N. aestuarii JC2056T, N. agariphilus MSL-28T and N. islandiensis MSL-26T. Strain BGMRC 2075T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which we propose the name Nocardioides kandeliae sp. nov. The type strain is BGMRC 2075T (=KCTC 39886T=DSM 104480T).
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Oryzihumus soli sp. nov., isolated from soil and emended description of the genus Oryzihumus
More LessA novel strain designated Aerobe-19T was isolated from a soil sample collected from a lawn located in Seoul National University in Korea. The cells were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and coccus-shaped. Colonies were circular with entire edges, convex, opaque and pale yellow. The strain grew at 15–30 ˚C (optimum, 30 ˚C), pH 5.0–7.0 (optimum, 6.0) and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was found to be closely related to members of the genus Oryzihumus and showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4 and 96.3 % with Oryzihumus leptocrescens NRRL B-24347T and Oryzihumus terrae KACC 16543T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). The polar lipids profile revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, unknown amino-glycophospholipid, unknown phospholipid and unknown lipids. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ. The DNA G+C content of this stain was 73.9 mol%. On the basis of data presented, strain Aerobe-19T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oryzihumus , for which the name Oryzihumus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Aerobe-19T (=KACC 18485T =KCTC 39705T=NBRC 111450T).
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Bifidobacterium vansinderenii sp. nov., isolated from faeces of emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)
A novel Bifidobacterium strain, Tam10BT, i.e. LMG 30126T, was isolated from emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Cells were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, non-haemolytic, facultative anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes as well as multilocus sequences (representing hsp60, rpoB, dnaJ, dnaG and clpC genes) and the core genome revealed that Bifidobacterium Tam10BT exhibited close phylogenetic relatedness to Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201T. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed the phylogenetic results showing the highest gene sequence identity with strain B. tissieri DSM 100201T (96.5 %). Furthermore, genotyping based on the genome sequence of Tam 10B, in combination with phenotypic analyses, clearly showed that strain Tam10BT is distinct from each of the type strains of the so far recognized Bifidobacterium species. The type strain Tam10BT (=LMG 30126T=CCUG 70655T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bifidobacterium vansinderenii sp. nov is proposed.
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Mycobacterium aquiterrae sp. nov., a rapidly growing bacterium isolated from groundwater
More LessA strain representing a rapidly growing, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating and non-pigmented species of the genus Mycobacterium , designated strain S-I-6T, was isolated from groundwater at Daejeon in Korea. The strain grew at temperatures between 10 and 37 °C (optimal growth at 25 °C), between pH 4.0 and 9.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0) and at salinities of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl, growing optimally with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus sequence analysis of the 16S rRNAgene, hsp65, rpoB and the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer indicated that strain S-I-6T belonged to the rapidly growing mycobacteria, being most closely related to Mycobacterium sphagni . On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis, the bacterial strain was distinguished from its phylogenetic neighbours by chemotaxonomic properties and other biochemical characteristics. DNA–DNA relatedness among strain S-I-6T and the closest phylogenetic neighbour strongly support the proposal that this strain represents a novel species within the genus Mycobacterium , for which the name Mycobacterium aquiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-I-6T (=KACC 17600T=NBRC 109805T=NCAIM B 02535T).
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Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. nov., isolated from leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying
More LessA Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial strain, designated TEYR-7T, was isolated from the leaves of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum collected from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. Growth of strain TEYR-7T occurred at 15–37 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–1 %). Propionate and acetate were produced from glucose fermentation. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TEYR-7T was a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Propioniciclava tarda DSM 22130T (94.3 %). The only respiratory quinone detected in strain TEYR-7T was menaquinone MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TEYR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Propioniciclava , for which the name Propioniciclava sinopodophylli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TEYR-7T (=CCTCC AB 2015257T=KCTC 33808T).
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Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic actinobacterium
An alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterial strain characterized by optimal growth at pH 9.0–10.0 and with 5–7 % (w/v) NaCl, designated BV-35T, was isolated from water of a soda pan located in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Cells of the orange-pigmented colony were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-endospore-forming coccoid rods. The isolate was strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain BV-35T displayed a peptidoglycan similar to type A4α, l-Lys–l-Glu (A11.54 according to www.peptidoglycan-types.info) but containing additionally 4-aminobutyric acid. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were its major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain BV-35T was 65.4 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the novel isolate showed the closest relationship to Nesterenkonia populi GP 10-3T (97.9 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness between BV-35T and N. populi was 46.7 %. The distinguishing phenotypic and genetic results of this polyphasic study revealed that strain BV-35T represents a novel member of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia pannonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BV-35T (=DSM 29786T=NCAIM B 02606T).
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Classification of Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076, an actinomycete that produces the glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic ramoplanin, as Actinoplanes ramoplaninifer sp. nov.
Strain ATCC 33076, which produces the antibiotic ramoplanin, was isolated from a soil sample collected in India, and it was classified as a member of the genus Actinoplanes on the basis of morphology and cell-wall composition. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain forms a distinct clade within the genus Actinoplanes , and it is most closely related to Actinoplanes deccanensis IFO 13994T (98.71 % similarity) and Actinoplanes atraurantiacus Y16T (98.33 %). The strain forms an extensively branched substrate mycelium; the sporangia are formed very scantily and are globose with irregular surface. Spores are oval and motile. The cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid and the diagnostic sugars are xylose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-9(H6), with minor amounts of MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). Mycolic acids are absent. The diagnostic phospholipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, followed by iso-C15 : 0 and moderate amounts of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. The genomic DNA G+C content is 71.4 mol%. Significant differences in the morphological, chemotaxonomic and biochemical data, together with DNA–DNA relatedness between strain ATCC 33076 and closely related type strains, clearly demonstrated that strain ATCC 33076 represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes , for which the name Actinoplanes ramoplaninifer sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ATCC 33076T (=DSM 105064T=NRRL B-65484T).
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Streptomyces xylanilyticus sp. nov., isolated from soil
A novel actinomycete, strain SR2-123T, belonging to the genus Streptomyces , was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized using a polyphasic study. Strain SR2-123T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. Menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid, unknown glycolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid, unknown lipids and an unknown aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 74.8 mol%. The strain was closely related to Streptomyces coeruleorubidus JCM 4359T (98.5 %), Streptomyces flavofungini JCM 4753T (98.5 %), Streptomyces coerulescens NBRC 12758T (98. 5 %) and Streptomyces alboflavus JCM 4615T (98.4 %), based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The novel strain exhibited low DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains (11.4–25.0 %) of closely related species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain SR2-123T could be distinguished from closely related species of the genus Streptomyces and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xylanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR2-123T (=TISTR 2493T=KCTC 39909T).
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Allobranchiibius huperziae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of Dermacoccaceae isolated from the root of a medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.)
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterial strain, designated CPCC 204077T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. The peptidoglycan type of strain CPCC 204077T was detected as A4α with an l-Lys–l-Ser–d-Asp interpeptide bridge. Galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose were the sugar compositions in the whole-cell hydrolysates. MK-8(H4) was the only menaquinone. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CPCC 204077T stood for a distinct lineage within the family Dermacoccaceae alongside the genera Branchiibius , Demetria and Barrientosiimonas , with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Branchiibius hedensis Mer 29717T (95.0 %), Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (95.0 %), Barrientosiimonas humi 39T (94.9 %) and Demetria terragena HKI 0089T (94.7 %), and less than 94.7 % sequence similarities to all other species. Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA sequence showed that the strain contained the Dermacoccaceae family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. Combining the genotypic and phenotypic analyses, we propose that strain CPCC 204077T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Dermacoccaceae with the name Allobranchiibius huperziae gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain CPCC 204077T (=NBRC 110719T=DSM 29531T) is the type strain of the type species.
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Nocardioides litorisoli sp. nov., isolated from lakeside soil
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as x-2T, was isolated from lakeside soil of Sayram in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain x-2T belongs to the genus Nocardioides in the family Nocardioidaceae , being most closely related to Nocardioides panacisoli Gsoil 346T (97.36 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strain x-2T was characterized chemotaxonomically and found to have ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids and another three unknown phospholipids as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone and C18 : 1ω9c, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 71.1 mol%. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain x-2T and N. panacisoli KCTC 19470T (=Gsoil 346T) was 29.8 %. These chemotaxonomic characters support the position of strain x-2T within the genus Nocardioides . The results of physiological and biochemical tests, as well as phylogenetic analysis, suggest that strain x-2T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides litorisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is x-2T (=KCTC 39845T=CCTCCAB 2016255T).
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Salinifilum gen. nov., with description of Salinifilum proteinilyticum sp. nov., an extremely halophilic actinomycete isolated from Meighan wetland, Iran, and reclassification of Saccharopolyspora aidingensis as Salinifilum aidingensis comb. nov. and Saccharopolyspora ghardaiensis as Salinifilum ghardaiensis comb. nov
A Gram-positive, halophilic actinobacterial strain Miq-12T was isolated from Meighan wetland in Iran. Strain Miq-12T was strictly aerobic, catalase positive and oxidase negative. The isolate grew at 12–25 % NaCl, at 30–50 °C and pH 5.5–10.5. The optimum NaCl, temperature and pH for growth were 15–20 %, 40 °C and 7.0–8.0, respectively. The cell wall of strain Miq-12T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid and arabinose as whole-cell sugar. The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. It synthesized cellular fatty acids of anteiso and iso-branched types, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4). The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 72.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain Miq-12T belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae , constituted a separate clade, and showed the closest phylogenetic similarity to Saccharopolyspora aidingensis TRM 46074T (96.99 %) and Saccharopolyspora ghardaiensis CCUG 63370T (96.92 %). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, a novel genus and species of the family Pseudonocardiaceae , Salinifilum proteinilyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed. The type strain is Miq-12T (=IBRCM 11033T=LMG 28390T). We also propose that S. aidingensis and S. ghardaiensis should be transferred to this new genus and be named Salinifilum aidingensis comb. nov. and Salinifilum ghardaiensis comb. nov., respectively. The type strain of Salinifilum aidingensis comb. nov. is TRM 46074T (=CCTCCAA 2012014T=JCM 30185T) and the type strain of Salinifilum ghardaiensis comb. nov. is CCUG 63370T (=DSM 45606T=CECT 8304T).
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Longispora urticae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longispora albida and Longispora fulva
More LessTwo Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora . Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω5c. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora , were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora , for which the name Longispora urticae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T).
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- Archaea
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Halobacterium litoreum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern
More LessHalophilic archaeal strain ZS-54-S2T was isolated from Zhoushan marine solar saltern, China. Cells were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies on an agar plate. Strain ZS-54-S2T was able to grow at 20–50 °C (optimum 35 °C), at 1.7–4.8 M NaCl (optimum 3.9 M), at 0.005–1.0 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.05 M) and at pH 5.0–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0). The cells lysed in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis was found to be 5 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, two glycolipids, which were chromatographically identical to sulfated galactosyl mannosyl galactofuranosyl glucosyl diether and galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether, and an unidentified glycolipid, which was chromatographically identical to one detected in Halobacterium salinarum ATCC 33171T. The 16S rRNA gene and rpoB′ gene of strain ZS-54-S2T were phylogenetically related to the corresponding genes of Halobacterium noricense JCM 15102T (97.5 % and 90.6 % relatedness, respectively), Halobacterium jilantaiense CGMCC 1.5337T (96.9 and 91.2 %), Halobacterium rubrum CGMCC 1.12575T (96.8 and 90.3 %) and Halobacterium salinarum CGMCC 1.1958T (96.5 and 88.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain ZS-54-S2T was 66.7 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggested that strain ZS-54-S2T (=CGMCC 1.12562T=JCM 30038T) represents a new species of Halobacterium , for which the name Halobacterium litoreum sp. nov. is proposed.
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Saliphagus infecundisoli gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline soil
Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains YIM 93745T and YIM 93707, were isolated from a saline soil sample collected from Loulan, China. Cells of the two strains were coccus, non-motile and Gram-stain negative. The strains were aerobic and grew at 25–50 °C (optimum, 37 °C), in the presence of 5–35 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 20 %), 0.01–0.1 M Mg2 + (optimum, 0.03 M) and pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum, 7.0–7.5). Cells lysed in distilled water and with 0–5 % NaCl. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, sulfated mannosyl glycosyl diether and two unidentified glycolipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that the two strains were most closely related to Halovivax cerinus IC35T (95.1 and 95.2 % sequence similarities, respectively). The two strains, however, shared highest rpoB’ gene sequence identities with Natrinema pellirubrum JCM 10476T (87.8 and 87.7 % respectively). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and rpoB’ gene sequences demonstrated a robust clade of the two strains with members of related genera of the family Natrialbaceae . The DNA G+C contents of the two strains were 64.6 and 64.4 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness values between them were 95±2 %. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic properties suggested that the two strains YIM 93745T and YIM 93707 represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Natrialbaceae , for which the name Saliphagus infecundisoli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93745T (=KCTC 4228T=CGMCC 1.15824T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Parapedobacter lycopersici sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
A novel Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated T16R-256T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants grown in a greenhouse in Yecheon-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. Cells were aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped. Colonies were light yellow, convex and round. The strain grew in the temperature range of 15–37 °C (optimally at 28–30 °C) and pH range of 7.0–9.0 (optimally at 7.0–8.0) and in 4 % NaCl (w/v). A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T16R-256T is a member of the genus Parapedobacter , exhibiting high sequence similarity with Parapedobacter pyrenivorans P-4T (94.2 %), Parapedobacter indicus RK1T (93.7 %), Parapedobacter koreensis Jip14T (93.7 %), Parapedobacter luteus 4M29T (93.6 %) and Parapedobacter soli DCY14T (93.4 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipid, one aminophospholipid, two aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c. Strain T16R-256T contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and homospermidine as the major polyamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain was 55.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain T16R-256T should be designated as representative of a novel species of the genus Parapedobacter , for which the name Parapedobacter lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T16R-256T (=KACC 18788T=JCM 31602T).
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Croceivirga radicis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a rotten tropical mangrove root
A novel bacterial strain, designated HSG9T, was isolated from aisolated from a rotten tropical mangrove root. Cells of strain HSG9T were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, yellow, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Growth was observed in 0.5–9 % sea salt (optimum 3 %, w/v), at 10–42 °C (optimum 25–35 °C) and at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0–8.0). Gelatin, esterase and Tweens 20, 40, 60 and 80 were hydrolysed, but starch, protein, cellulose and casein were not. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain HSG9T formed an independent lineage related to the family Flavobacteriaceae . The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The respiratory quinone was identified as MK-6 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 37.1 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain HSG9T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Croceivirgaradicis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HSG9T (=MCCC 1A06690T=KCTC 52589T).
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Larkinella ripae sp. nov., isolated from seashore soil
Strain 15J11-11T was isolated from soil collected at the seashore and was Gram-staining-negative, short-rod-shaped, gliding and pale-pink pigmented. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The isolate grew at a temperature range of 15 to 30 °C and a pH range of 7 to 8. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that strain 15J11-11T belonged to the genus Larkinella within the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to Larkinella arboricola Z0532T (95.6 %), Larkinella bovis M2TB15T (95.4 %), and Larkinella insperata LMG 22510T (95.2 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 15J11-11T was 53.2 mol%. The strain contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids as the major polar lipids; menaquinone-7 as the predominant quinone and C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids which supported the affiliation of strain 15J11-11T to the genus Larkinella . Based on its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 15J11-11T represents a novel species of the genus Larkinella, for which the name Larkinella ripae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J11-11T (=KCTC 42996T=JCM 31657T).
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Maribacter pelagius sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, gliding, non-endospore-forming and slightly halophilic bacterial strain, CBA3204T, was isolated from seawater and characterized by polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain CBA3204T formed a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae . The 16S rRNA sequences of strain CBA3204T had a sequence similarity level of 96.96 % to Maribacter arcticus KOPRI 20941T as the nearest phylogenetic neighbour. The strain grew optimally at 25–30 °C and in the presence of 2–4 % (w/v) NaCl. The dominant menaquinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%. There were some differences in phenotypic properties among strain CBA3204T and other Maribacter species. On the basis of polyphasic analysis containing phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain CBA3204T (=KACC 17671T=JCM 19533T) is proposed as a novel species Maribacter pelagius sp. nov.
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Winogradskyella maritima sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA novel bacterium, designated HME9613T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. Cells of strain HME9613T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding and rod-shaped. Strain HME9613T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HME9613T formed a lineage within the genus Winogradskyella of the family Flavobacteriaceae , and showed highest sequence similarity to Winogardskyella exilis 022-2-26T (95.9 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain HME9613T and other Winogradskyella species ranged from 93.7 to 95.9 %. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The DNA G+C content of the strain HME9613T was 38.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain HME9613T represents a novel species within the genus Winogradskyella , for which the name Winogradskyella maritima sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HME9613T (=KCTC 42189T=CECT 8979T).
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Sphingobacterium corticis sp. nov., isolated from bark of Populus × euramericana
More LessA Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, 23D10-4-9T, was isolated from symptomatic canker bark tissue of Populus × euramericana. The isolate grew between 4 and 35 °C, with optimal growth occurring at 25 °C. The species was positive for catalase and negative for oxidase activity. Nitrate was not reduced to nitrite. It showed activities toward β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase. Citrate was not utilized. Acid was produced from d-glucose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The main polar lipid profiles of the novel isolate included phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids and seven unknown lipids. The predominant menaquinone of the novel isolate was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene data revealed that the novel isolate shares the greatest sequence similarity with Sphingobacterium populi 7Y-4T (96.1 %). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium corticis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 23D10-4-9T (=CFCC 12640T=KCTC 42248T).
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Geofilum rhodophaeum sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, filamentous and rose-brown pigmented bacterium, designated strain HF401T, was isolated from marine sediment off the coast of Weihai, China. The isolate grew at temperatures between 4 and 45 °C (optimal growth at 33 °C), at pH 6.5–8.5 (optimal growth at pH 7.5) and with 0.5–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 3.0 %). The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.8 mol% (from high-performance liquid chromatography). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16:0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2OH). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HF401T formed a distinct branch with Geofilum rubicundum JCM 15548T in the family Marinilabiliaceae . The most closely related strains of strain HF401T were Natronoflexuspectinivorans AP1T (96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), G. rubicundum JCM 15548T (96.2 %) and Alkalitaleasaponilacus SC/BZ-SP2T (96.0 %). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain HF401T and G. rubicundum JCM 15548T showed a relatedness of 71.3 % (ANIb) and 86.0 % (ANIm). The percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) value between strain HF401T and G. rubicundum JCM 15548T was 61.2 %. Based on polyphasic analysis, especially the phylogenetic relationships and the higher POCP value, strain HF401T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Geofilum, for which the name Geofilum rhodophaeum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Geofilum rhodophaeum is HF401T (KCTC 42595T=MCCC 1H00119T).
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Flavobacterium quisquiliarum sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, EA-12T, was isolated from activated sludge in Fujian Province, PR China. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it was closely related to Flavobacterium pectinovorum DSM 6368T (97.5 %), Flavobacterium banpakuense 15F3T (97.0 %) and Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans S2-3HT (96.9 %). Cells grew at 15–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain contained MK-6 as the major menaquinone and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 36.1 mol% (Tm ). The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain EA-12T and F. pectinovorum DSM 6368T was 38.6 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons with relatives and DNA–DNA relatedness values, it is concluded that EA-12T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium quisquiliarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EA-12T (=CGMCC 1.15345T=NBRC 111769T).
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Flavobacterium ardleyense sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-like, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated A2-1T, was isolated from soil on Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Strain A2-1T grew at 4–22 °C (optimum, 10 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and with 0–1.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %), but could not produce flexirubin-type pigments. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium . Strain A2-1T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavobacterium cucumis , F. ahnfeltiae and F. cheniae with 95.7, 95.6 and 95.4 %, respectively. The strain A2-1T consisted of a clade with F. cucumis and F. cheniae and simultaneously formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree. Polar lipids of the strain included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The strain A2-1T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.2 %), iso-C15 : 0 (16.2 %) and C15 : 1 G (11.0 %) as the main fatty acids and the only respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was 34.0 mol%. The polyphasic taxonomic study revealed that the strain A2-1T belongs to a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium and the name Flavobacterium ardleyense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A2-1T (=CCTCC AB 2017157T=KCTC 52644T).
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Mucilaginibacter terrae sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil
A bacterial strain designated CCM 8645T was isolated from a soil sample collected nearby a mummified seal carcass in the northern part of James Ross Island, Antarctica. The cells were short rods, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, catalase and oxidase positive, and produced a red-pink pigment on R2A agar. A polyphasic taxonomic approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, extensive biotyping using conventional tests and commercial identification kits and chemotaxonomic analyses were applied to clarify its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene placed strain CCM 8645T in the genus Mucilaginibacter with the closest relative being Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis Jip 10T, exhibiting 96.5 % 16S rRNA pairwise similarity which was clearly below the 97 % threshold value recommended for species demarcation. The major components in fatty acid profiles were Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), C15 : 0 iso and C17 : 0 iso 3OH. The cellular quinone content was exclusively menaquinone MK-7. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine and predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Based on presented results, we propose a novel species for which the name Mucilaginibacter terrae sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain CCM 8645T (=LMG 29437T).
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Confluentibacter citreus sp. nov., isolated from lake sediment, and emended description of the genus Confluentibacter
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated XJNYT, was isolated from Sayram Lake (44° 30′ 30.41″ N 81° 12′ 39.55″ E), Xinjiang Province, north-west China, and was characterized taxonomically by a polyphasic study. Strain XJNYT grew at salinities of 0–4 % (w/v) and temperatures of 4–37 °C. The pH range for growth was 6.5–8.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XJNYT belonged to the genus Confluentibacter and was closely related to the type strain of Confluentibacter lentus with 97.8 % similarity. The DNA G+C content was 34.5 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. On the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain XJNYT represents a novel species within the genus Confluentibacter , for which the name Confluentibacter citreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJNYT (=KCTC 52638T=MCCC 1H00183T).
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Polaribacter insulae sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated OITF-22T, was isolated from a tidal flat of Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-22T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain OITF-22T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Polaribacter species. Strain OITF-22T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.2–99.4 % to the type strains of Polaribacter vadi , P. haliotis , P. atrinae , P. dokdonensis , P. litorisediminis, P. reichenbachii , P. irgensii and P. marinaquae , and of 93.0–96.9 % to the type strains of the other Polaribacter species. Strain OITF-22T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-22T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-22T was 32.3 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of the eight phylogenetically most closely related Polaribacter species were 9–32 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-22T is separated from recognized species of the genus Polaribacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Polaribacter , for which the name Polaribacter insulae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-22T (=KCTC 52658T=NBRC 112706T).
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Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov., isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 0182T, was isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii, an algae of phylum Rhodophyta collected from coast of Lingshui county, Hainan, China (110° 03′ 44.2′′ E, 18° 24′ 29.8′′ N). The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain 0182T were approximately 0.9–2.5 µm in length and 0.2–0.4 µm in width. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphoaminolipid, glycolipid, two unknown aminolipids and four unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was approximately 35.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0182T was phylogenetically related to members of the genus Crocinitomix and was closely related to Crocinitomix catalasitica with 94.6 % sequence similarity. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, strain 0182T is thought to represent a novel species of the genus Crocinitomix , for which the name Crocinitomix algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0182T (=KCTC 42868T =MCCC 1H00128T).
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Salinimicrobium flavum sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, non-gliding, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated X7T, was isolated from marine sediment taken from the coast of Weihai, China. Strain X7T grew optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain X7T was a member of the genus Salinimicrobium and was most closely related to the species Salinimicrobium gaetbulicola with a 96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value. The major cellular fatty acids of strain X7T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids of strain X7T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic results indicated that strain X7T represents a novel species of the genus Salinimicrobium , for which the name Salinimicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X7T (=KCTC 42585T=MCCC 1H00115T).
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Hymenobacter frigidus sp. nov., isolated from a glacier ice core
A psychrophilic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-pigmented bacterium, designated strain B1789T, was isolated from an ice core of Muztagh Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain B1789T was related to members of the genus Hymenobacter and had highest sequence similarity with Hymenobacter antarcticus JCM 17217T (97.9 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The DNA G+C content was 59.4 mol%. In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, strain B1789T shared 42 % relatedness with H. antarcticus JCM 17217T. Based on the results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests, strain B1789T was considered as representing a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacter frigidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1789T (=JCM 30595T=CGMCC 1.14966T).
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Williamwhitmania taraxaci gen. nov., sp. nov., a proteolytic anaerobe with a novel type of cytology from Lake Untersee in Antarctica, description of Williamwhitmaniaceae fam. nov., and emendation of the order Bacteroidales Krieg 2012
The proteolytic bacterium strain A7P-90mT was isolated from Lake Untersee, Antarctica. The anoxic water was collected from a perennially sealed (~100 millennia) glacial ice lake. Gram-stain-negative cells were 0.18–0.3×8.0–25.0 µm in size, straight, slender rods with unusual gliding motility by external, not previously reported, organelles named here as antiae. At the end of stationary phase of growth, spheroplasts were terminally formed and the cells resembled dandelions. After death, cells were helical. The isolate was an athalassic, strictly anaerobic and catalase-negative proteolytic chemoorganotroph. It was moderately psychrophilic with a temperature range for growth of 3–26 °C and an optimum at 22–23 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.5–7.8 with an optimum at 6.9. Major cellular fatty acids were branched pentadecanoic and tridecanoic acids, and saturated tetradecanoic acids. The quinone system comprised menaquinone MK-7. The strain was sensitive to all checked antibiotics and ascorbic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.6 mol%. Based on average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and phylogenetic analyses, the novel isolate was placed within a unique phylogenetic cluster distant from all eight families in the order Bacteroidales and formed a novel family with the proposed name Williamwhitmaniaceae fam. nov. The description of the order Bacteroidales was emended accordingly. The name Williamwhitmania taraxaci gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for the new genus and novel species with the type strain A7P-90mT (=DSM 100563T=JCM 30888T). The complete draft genome sequence was deposited at the Joint Genomes Institute (JGI) under number IMG OID 2654588148 and in SRA listed as SRP088197.
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Natronotalea proteinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Longimonas haloalkaliphila sp. nov., extremely haloalkaliphilic members of the phylum Rhodothermaeota from hypersaline alkaline lakes
More LessTwo proteolytic bacterial strains, BSker2T and BSker3T, were enriched from sediments of hypersaline alkaline lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) with chicken feathers as substrate, followed by pure culture isolation on hypersaline alkaline media with casein. The cells were non-motile, filamentous, flexible rods. The isolates were obligately aerobic heterotrophs utilizing proteins and peptides as growth substrates. Both were obligate alkaliphiles, but differed in their pH optimum for growth: pH 9.5–9.8 for Bsker2T and pH 8.5–8.8 for BSker3T. The salt range for growth of both isolates was between 2 and 4.5 M total Na+ with an optimum at 2.5–3 M. No organic osmolytes were detected in cells of BSker2T, but they accumulated high intracellular concentrations of K+. The polar lipid fatty acids were dominated by unsaturated C16 and C18 species. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny indicated that both strains belong to the recently proposed phylum Rhodothermaeota . BSker2T forms a novel genus-level branch, while BSker3T represents a novel species-level member in the genus Longimonas . On the basis of distinct phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain BSker2T (=JCM 31342T=UNIQEM U1009T) is proposed to be classified as a representative of a novel genus and species, Natronotalea proteinilyticagen. nov., sp. nov., and strain BSker3T (=JCM 31343T=UNIQEM U1010T) as a representative of a novel species, Longimonas haloalkaliphila sp. nov.
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Algoriphagus marisflavi sp. nov., isolated from water of an estuary environment
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated KEM-106T, was isolated from water of an estuary environment on the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain KEM-106T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KEM-106T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus , clustering with the type strains of Algoriphagus litorisediminis and Algoriphagus aquaemixtae. Strain KEM-106T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.5, 96.2 and 96.0 % to the type strains of Algoriphagus boritolerans , A. litorisediminis and A. aquaemixtae, respectively, and of 92.5–95.8 % to the type strains of the other Algoriphagus species. Strain KEM-106T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-106T was 42.7 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain KEM-106T is separated from recognized species of the genus Algoriphagus . On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-106T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus , for which the name Algoriphagus marisflavi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KEM-106T (=KCTC 52979T=NBRC 112904T).
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Spirosoma carri sp. nov., isolated from an automobile air conditioning system
More LessA Gram-stain-negative and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated TX0406T, was isolated from an automobile evaporator core collected in Korea. The cells were non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 15–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.0–7.0 (optimum, 6.5) and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was related to members of the genus Spirosoma (93.7–90.7 % 16S rRNA sequence similarities) and showed the highest sequence similarity of 93.7 % to Spirosomapulveris JSH5-14T. The major fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 1 ω5c and C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, unidentified aminophospholipids and unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 58.7 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain TX0406T represents a novel species in the genus Spirosoma , for which the name Spirosoma carri sp. nov. (=KACC 19013T=NBRC 112494T) is proposed.
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Flavimarina flava sp. nov., isolated from Salicornia herbacea
A Gram-stain-negative, motile-by-gliding, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium was isolated from Salicornia herbacea in the Yellow Sea and designated as strain MBLN091T. It belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this isolated strain was similar to that of Flavimarina pacifica IDSW-73T with 94.8 % similarity, and with 92.3–92.8 % similarities to those of other closely related species of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella . The similarities of the RNA polymerase subunit B gene between this strain and F. pacifica KCTC 32466T and Leeuwenhoekiella marinoflava DSM 3653T were 80.5 and 80.2 %, respectively. Growth of strain MBLN091T was observed in the presence of 0.5‒15.0 % (w/v) NaCl at 4‒35 °C and pH 6.0–8.0, with optimal growth in the presence of 2.5‒5.0 % (w/v) NaCl at 20‒25 °C and pH 7.0. This isolate was able to hydrolyse gelatin. The only respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. Major fatty acids of the isolate were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. The physiological features were closely related to F. pacifica . Therefore, strain MBLN091T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Flavimarina , for which the name Flavimarina flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLN091T (=KCTC 52527T=JCM 31731T).
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Croceitalea marina sp. nov., isolated from marine particles of Yellow Sea, and emended description of the genera Croceitalea
A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, golden yellow-coloured and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated H01-35T, was isolated from a surface marine particles sample collected from the Yellow Sea in China. According to the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain H01-35T belonged to the genus Croceitalea and showed the highest sequence similarity to Croceitalea litorea CBA3205T (96.4 %). Strain H01-35T grew optimally at pH 8.0–9.0, 28 °C and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 52.7 mol%. Strain H01-35T contained MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone and held iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. Exoenzymes for starch, gelatin and Tween 20 degradation were detected in Strain H01-35T but the strain was negative for sulfur and indole production. On the basis of the polyphasic analyses, this isolate was considered to represent a novel species in the genus Croceitalea , for which the name Croceitalea marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H01-35T (MCCC 1K03229T=KCTC 52368T). The emendation of description of the genus Croceitalea is also given.
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated as 1404T, was isolated from leaves of Chinese red pepper (Huajiao) (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) collected from Gansu, north-west China. Spores were not observed under a range of conditions. Strain 1404T was observed to grow at 15–45 °C and pH 6.0–10.0 and in presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. The cell wall of strain 1404T was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as well as three unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids profile of strain 1404T consisted of iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.4 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (12.1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1404T was affiliated to the genus Bacillus and was closely related to Bacillus oryzisoli 1DS3-10T, Bacillus benzoevorans DSM 5391T and Bacillus circulans DSM 11T with sequence similarity of 98.3, 98.2 and 96.9 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 39.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values indicated that relatedness between strain 1404T and the type strains of closely related species of the genus Bacillus was below 41 %. Therefore, on the basis of the data from the polyphasic taxonomic study presented, strain 1404T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name proposed is Bacillus endozanthoxylicus sp. nov. The type strain is 1404T (=CCTCC AB 2017021T=KCTC 33827T).
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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma wodyetiae’, a new taxon associated with yellow decline disease of foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) in Malaysia
Landscape-grown foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata A. K. Irvine) trees displaying symptoms of severe foliar chlorosis, stunting, general decline and mortality reminiscent of coconut yellow decline disease were observed in Bangi, Malaysia, during 2012. DNA samples from foliage tissues of 15 symptomatic palms were analysed by employing a nested PCR assay primed by phytoplasma universal ribosomal RNA operon primer pairs, P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R2. The assay yielded amplicons of a single band of 1.25 kb from DNA samples of 11 symptomatic palms. Results from cloning and sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene segments revealed that, in three palms, three mutually distinct phytoplasmas comprising strains related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’, as well as a novel phytoplasma, were present as triple infections. The 16S rRNA gene sequence derived from the novel phytoplasma shared less than 96 % nucleotide sequence identity with that of each previously describedspecies of the provisional genus ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’, justifying its recognition as the reference strain of a new taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma wodyetiae’. Virtual RFLP profiles of the R16F2n/R2 portion of the 16S rRNA gene and the pattern similarity coefficient value (0.74) supported the delineation of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma wodyetiae’ as the sole representative subgroup A member of a new phytoplasma ribosomal group, 16SrXXXVI.
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Lactobacillus curtus sp. nov., isolated from beer in Finland
A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and short-rod-shaped organism, designated VTT E-94560, was isolated from beer in Finland and deposited in the VTT culture collection as a strain of Lactobacillus rossiae . However, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that VTT E-94560 was only related to Lactobacillus rossiae JCM 16176T with 97.0 % sequence similarity, lower than the 98.7 % regarded as the boundary for the species differentiation. Additional phylogenetic studies on the pheS gene, rpoA gene and 16S–23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region further reinforced the taxonomically independent status of VTT E-94560 and its related Lactobacillus species including L. rossiae and Lactobacillus siliginis . Strain VTT E-94560 also exhibited several differences in its carbohydrate fermentation profiles from those related Lactobacillus species. In addition, DNA–DNA relatedness between VTT E-94560 and these two type strains was 4 % ( L. rossiae JCM 16176T) and 12 % (L. siliginins JCM 16155T), respectively, which were lower than the 70 % cut-off for general species delineation, indicating that these three strains are not taxonomically identical at the species level. These studies revealed that VTT E-94560 represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus curtus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VTT E-94560T (=JCM 31185T).
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Lentibacillus sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a marine saltern
More LessA novel, Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped strain, designated 0W14T, was isolated from a marine saltern of Wendeng, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and with 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. MK-7 was the sole respiratory quinone and the peptidoglycan type of 0W14T was A4β l-Orn–d-Glu. The major cellular fatty acid (>10.0 %) in strain 0W14T was anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile of strain 0W14T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 44.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 0W14T forms a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Lentibacillus within the family Bacillaceae . Based on data from the current polyphasic study, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Lentibacillus , for which the name Lentibacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0W14T (=KCTC 33835T=MCCC 1H00171T).
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Paralkalibacillus indicireducens gen., nov., sp. nov., an indigo-reducing obligate alkaliphile isolated from indigo fermentation liquor used for dyeing
More LessObligately alkaliphilic, indigo-reducing strains, designated Bps-1T, Bps-2 and Bps-3, were isolated from an indigo fermentation liquor used for dyeing, which was produced from sukumo (composted Polygonum indigo leaves) obtained from a craft centre in Data City, Hokkaido, Japan, by using medium containing cellulase-treated sukumo. The 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that Bps-1T has a distinctive position among the alkaliphilic species of the genus Bacillus , with its closest neighbours being Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715T, Bacillus lindianensis DSM 26864T and Bacillus alcalophilus DSM 485T (96.1, 95.8 and 95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). The 16S rRNA sequence of strain Bps-1T was identical to those of strains Bps-2 and Bps-3. Cells of the novel isolate were Gram-stain-positive and were facultatively anaerobic straight rods that were motile by means of a pair of flagella (subpolar and centre sides). Spherical endospores were formed in the terminal position. Strain Bps-1T grew between 18 and 40 °C with optimum growth at 33 °C. The isolate grew in the pH range 8‒11, with optimum growth at pH 9‒10. The isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the DNA G+C content was 40.3 %. The whole-cell fatty acid profile (>10 %) mainly consisted of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, the isolates represent a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Paralkalibacillus indicireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is Bps-1T (JCM 31808T=NCIMB 15080T), with strains Bps-2 and Bps-3 representing additional strains of the species.
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Paludicola psychrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant chitinolytic anaerobe of the family Ruminococcaceae
More LessA psychrotolerant chitinolytic bacterium, designated NC1253T, was isolated from Zoige wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This strain was a Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming and rod-shaped anaerobe. NC1253T grew at 4–35 °C, at pH 6.0–8.5 and could grow on chitin as the only carbon resource. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain NC1253T represented a novel bacterial genus within the family Ruminococcaceae . Strain NC1253T has less than 91.0 % similarity with other type strains, such as Harryflintia acetispora V20-281aT (90.9 %), Clostridium methylpentosum DSM 5476T (90.8 %), Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241T (89.8 %), Eubacterium siraeum DSM 15702T (89.6 %), and Acetanaerobacterium elongatum Z7T (89.6 %). The major components of the cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 35.4 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics allowed strain NC1253T to be clearly distinguished from genera in the family Ruminococcaceae . On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel genus and novel species in the family Ruminococcaceae , for which the name Paludicola psychrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type species is NC1253T (DSM 104738T=KCTC 15582T).
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Chryseomicrobium deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil in South Korea
More LessA Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (THG-T1.18T) was isolated from desert soil. Growth occurred at 20–35 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), at pH 5–7 (optimum 7) and at 0–4 % NaCl (optimum 0–1 %). Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T1.18T were identified as Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum DSM 23442T (96.6 %), Chryseomicrobium imtechense JCM 16573T (96.3 %) and Chryseomicrobium aureum KACC 17219T (96.1 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The quinone system was composed of MK-7, MK-8 and MK-6. The major fatty acids were iso C15 : 0 and anteiso C15 : 0. The type of peptidoglycan was A4β, containing of l-Orn–D-Glu. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T1.18T was 50.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THG-T1.18T and C. amylolyticum DSM 23442T, C. imtechense JCM 16573T, C. aureum KACC 17219T were 24.7 % (20.1 % reciprocal analysis), 19.5 % (16.1 %) and 10.4 % (6.7 %) respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T1.18T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium , for which the name Chryseomicrobium deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-T1.18T (=KACC 18929T=CCTCC AB 2016179T).
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Description of Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic, amino-acid-decomposing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor, and reclassification of Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans as species of the genus Anaerotignum
More LessA strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (SH021T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight or slightly curved rods. The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C, and the optimum pH was 6.1–7.7. The strain was asaccharolytic and utilized amino acids as growth substrates. The strain produced acetate and propionate from l-alanine and l-serine, and propionate and butyrate from l-threonine. Branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine) were utilized weakly, and isovalerate or isobutyrate was produced. Strain SH021T utilized pyruvate and lactate, and converted them to acetate and propionate. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. Compounds related to iso-C15 : 0 were detected as major components in the cellular fatty acids analysis. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the most closely related known species were Clostridium propionicum , Clostridium neopropionicum and Clostridium lactatifermentans in cluster XIVb of the class Clostridia . Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, Anaerotignum aminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strain SH021T (=JCM 31556T=DSM 103575T). For the three related species of the genus Clostridium , Anaerotignum propionicum comb. nov. (type strain DSM 1682T=JCM 1430T=ATCC 25522T=CCUG 9280T=NCIMB 10656T=VPI 5303T), Anaerotignum neopropionicum comb. nov. (type strain X4T=DSM 3847T=KCTC 15564T) and Anaerotignum lactatifermentans comb. nov. (type strain G17T=DSM 14214T=LMG 20954T) are proposed with emended descriptions of these species.
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- Other Bacteria
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Mycoplasma tullyi sp. nov., isolated from penguins of the genus Spheniscus
A mycoplasma isolated from the liver of a dead Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) and designated strain 56A97T, was investigated to determine its taxonomic status. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organism was most closely related to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma imitans (99.7 and 99.9 % similarity, respectively). The average DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 56A97T and M. gallisepticum and M. imitans were 39.5 and 30 %, respectively and the Genome to Genome Distance Calculator gave results of 29.10 and 23.50 %, respectively. The 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer was 72–73 % similar to M. gallisepticum strains and 52.2 % to M. imitans . A partial sequence of rpoB was 91.1–92 % similar to M. gallisepticum strains and 84.7 % to M. imitans . Colonies possessed a typical fried-egg appearance and electron micrographs revealed the lack of a cell wall and a nearly spherical morphology, with an electron-dense tip-like structure on some flask-shaped cells. The isolate required sterol for growth, fermented glucose, adsorbed and haemolysed erythrocytes, but did not hydrolyse arginine or urea. The strain was compared serologically against 110 previously described Mycoplasma reference strains, showing that, except for M. gallisepticum , strain 56A97T is not related to any of the previously described species, although weak cross-reactions were evident. Genomic information, serological reactions and phenotypic properties demonstrate that this organism represents a novel species of the genus Mycoplasma , for which the name Mycoplasma tullyi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 56A97T (ATCC BAA-1432T, DSM 21909T, NCTC 11747T).
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Borrelia lanei sp. nov. extends the diversity of Borrelia species in California
The diversity of Borrelia species discovered in California appears to be particularly high. A divergent group of Borrelia strains collected from Ixodes ticks in California was described by Postic and co-workers and designated ‘genomospecies 2’ (Postic D, Garnier M, Baranton G. Int J Med Microbiol 2007;297:263–271; Postic D, Ras NM, Lane RS, Hendson M, Baranton G. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:3497–3504). We performed multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using eight housekeeping loci (clpA, clpX, nifS, pepX, pyrG, recG, rplB and uvrA) on 12 strains of this Borrelia genospecies to confirm that these strains form a distinct group within the Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. complex (Margos G, Hojgaard A, Lane RS, Cornet M, Fingerle V et al. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2010;1:151–158). Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses based on sequences of the MLSA housekeeping genes corroborated the distinctness of this group; genetic distances to all other members of the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex were 96 % or lower. We propose the name Borrelia lanei sp. nov. for this genospecies in honor of Professor Robert S. Lane, University of California Berkeley, for his contributions to Borrelia and tick research. The type strain for Borrelia lanei sp. nov., strain CA28-91T, has been deposited to two culture collections (=DSM 17992T=CIP 109135T).
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Characterisation of a newly isolated member of a candidatus lineage, Marispirochaeta aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov.
More LessMetagenome analysis of coastal marine habitats of Gujarat, India indicated the presence of twelve novel putative lineages of spirochaetes. Out of which a strain designated JC444T representing a novel putative lineage seven was isolated and characterized based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain JC444T was helical, Gram-stain-negative, obligate anaerobe, catalase and oxidase negative. Strain JC444T was able to grow at 15–45 °C (optimum at 30–35 °C), pH 6.5–8.6 (optimum at 7.5–8.0) and 0.6–5 % (optimum at 1.5–2.0 %) of NaCl concentration. The major end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 1H/C13 : 03OH (summed feature 1), iso-C13 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 were present as fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified lipids (L1-4) were the polar lipids. G+C mol% of strain JC444T was 53.6 %. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain JC444T represents a member of the family Spirochaetaceae in the order Spirochaetales . Strain JC444T has a sequence similarity of 97.1 % with ‘Candidatus Marispirochaeta associata’ JC231 and <90.1 % with other members of the family Spirochaetaceae . Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain JC444T as a representative of a new genus and species in the family Spirochaetaceae , for which the name Marispirochaeta aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Type strain is JC444T (=KCTC 15554T=DSM 103365T).
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Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. nov., a gellan-gum-degrading bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia isolated from miniaturized diffusion chambers
More LessA novel chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, strain CB-286403T, was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil, collected at Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain, by using the Diffusion Sandwich System, a device with 384 miniature diffusion chambers. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as a member of the genus Luteolibacter where the type strains Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis A4T-83T (GenBank acc. no. AB331895), Luteolibacter yonseiensis EBTL01T (JQ319003), Luteolibacter luojiensis DR4-30T (JN630810) and Luteolibacter algae A5J-41-2T (AB331893) were the closest relatives with similarities of 97.0, 96.3, 96.3 and 94.5 %, respectively. The novel isolate was characterized as a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium. The strain showed a positive response for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase, divided by binary fission and/or budding, and exhibited an aerobic metabolism. Strain CB-286403T showed a mesophilic and neutrophilic growth range and showed a nutritional preference for simple sugars and complex protein substrates. Major fatty acids included iso-C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and anteiso-C15 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. Polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of three unidentified lipids, a glycolipid, a phospholipid and a phosphoglycolipid. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CB-286403T represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter , for which the name Luteolibacter gellanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CB-286403T (=DSM 28998T=CECT 8659T).
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Petrothermobacter organivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, strictly anaerobic bacterium of the phylum Deferribacteres isolated from a deep subsurface oil reservoir
A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, acetate-oxidizing and iron(III)-, manganese(IV)-, nitrate- and sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain ANAT, was isolated from a deep subsurface oil field in Japan (Yabase oil field, Akita Pref.). Cells of strain ANAT were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming and slightly curved or twisted rods (1.5–5.0 µm long and 0.6–0.7 µm wide). The isolate grew at 25–60 °C (optimum 55 °C) and pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). The isolate was capable of reducing iron(III), manganese(IV), nitrate and sulfate as an electron acceptor. The isolate utilized a limited range of electron donors such as acetate, lactate, pyruvate and yeast extract for iron reduction. Strain ANAT also used pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, malate, yeast extract and peptone for fermentative growth. The major respiratory quinones were menaquinone-7(H8) and menaquinone-8. The strain contained C18 : 0, iso-C18 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ANAT was closely related to Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens in the phylum Deferribacteres with low sequence similarities (89.5 %), and formed a distinct clade within the family Deferribacteraceae . In addition, the isolate is the first sulfate-reducing member of the phylum Deferribacteres . Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, a novel genus and species, Petrothermobacter organivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for the isolate (type strain=ANAT= NBRC 112621T=DSM 105015T).
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Edaphobacter acidisoli sp. nov., an acidobacterium isolated from forest soil
More LessTwo strains, 4G-K17T and 4G-K15, were isolated from forest soil from the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China (112° 31′ E 23° 10′ N). The cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-motile short rods that multiplied by binary division. Strains 4G-K17T and 4G-K15 were obligately acidophilic, mesophilic bacteria capable of growth at pH 3.0–7.0 (optimum 4.0–5.5 and 3.5–5.5, respectively), temperature 12–42 °C (optimum 28 °C) and NaCl concentrations from 0~2.5 % and 0~3.0 % (w/v), respectively. They had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2 % and showed the highest similarities of 97.1 and 97.4 % to Edaphobacter aggregans Wbg-1T, respectively, which indicated that these two isolates belonged to a novel species of the genus Edaphobacter in subdivision 1 in the family Acidobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C contents of strains 4G-K17T and 4G-K15 were 57.6 and 57.2 %, respectively. They had similar fatty acid profiles, with the major (>10 %) fatty acid profile comprising iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), and the major polar lipid profile comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminophospholipids and unidentified phospholipids. All physiological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data suggest that strains 4G-K17T and 4G-K15 belong to a new species of the genus Edaphobacter , for which the name Edaphobacter acidisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with 4G-K17T (=CGMCC 1.15447=LMG 29212) as the type strain.
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- Proteobacteria
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Hydrogenophaga aquatica sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring
A polyphasic approach was used to characterize an aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain CC-KL-3T) isolated from a hot spring. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain CC-KL-3T showed highest sequence similarity to Hydrogenophaga bisanensis (97.7 %) and Hydrogenophaga atypica (97.6 %) and lower sequence similarity to other species (less than 97.6 %). The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CC-KL-3T, H. bisanensis and H. atypica were estimated to be 13.0 and 8.7 % (the reciprocal value was 14.7 and 6.3 %). Strain CC-KL-3T was non-motile, without apparent flagella and able to grow between 15–42 °C (optimal 30 °С), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal 7.0) and 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal 0 %). The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol% and the major quinone system was ubiquinone (Q-8). The polyamine profile revealed the predominance of 2-hydroxyputrescine and putrescine and the dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (28.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (41.4 %) and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c (11.9 %). These data corroborated the affiliation of strain CC-KL-3T to the genus Hydrogenophaga . Based on the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, and the results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-KL-3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hydrogenophaga , affiliated to the family Comamonadaceae , for which the name Hydrogenophaga aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-KL-3T (=BCRC 80937T=JCM 31216T).
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Thalassotalea profundi sp. nov. isolated from a deep-sea seamount
More LessThe Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated YM155T, was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YM155T was related to the genus Thalassotalea and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Thalassotalea piscium T202T (97.2 %) and Thalassotalea agariperforans M-M1T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C16 : 0. Ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was the respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YM155T was 36.1 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain YM155T represents a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea , for which we propose the name Thalassotalea profundi sp. nov. (type strain YM155T=KACC 18563T=CGMCC 1.15922T).
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Draft genome and description of Consotaella salsifontis gen. nov. sp. nov., a halophilic, free-living, nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium isolated from an ancient terrestrial saline spring
A free-living, nitrogen-fixing, mesophilic and facultative aerobe, designated strain USBA 369T, was isolated from a terrestrial saline spring of the Colombian Andes. The non-sporulating rods (1.5×0.8 µm) with rounded ends stained Gram-negative and were motile by means of lophotrichous flagella. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 6.9–7.5 and with 1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids detected were C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, and the respiratory lipoquinone ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) was present. The genome consisted of 4.65 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 64.3 mol%. A total of 4371 genes were predicted and, of those, 4300 were protein coding genes and 71 were RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain USBA 369T formed a different lineage within the class Alphaproteobacteria , order Rhizobiales , and DNA homology studies with the most closely related genera, Aurantimonas , Aureimonas and Rhizobium (95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), showed values of <15 %. The phylogenomic analysis provided evidence for clear phylogenetic divergence between strain USBA 369T and the closely related genera. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenomic evidence, strain USBA 369T is considered to represent a novel genus and a novel species for which the name Consotaella salsifontis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA 369T (=KCTC 22549T=CMPUJ U369T).
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Oryzisolibacter propanilivorax gen. nov., sp. nov., a propanil-degrading bacterium
Strain EPL6T, a Gram-negative, motile, short rod was isolated from a propanil and 3,4-dichloroaniline enrichment culture produced from rice paddy soil. Based on the analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain EPL6T was observed to be a member of the family Comamonadaceae , sharing the highest pairwise identity with type strains of the species Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601T (96.8 %) and Melaminivora alkalimesophila CY1T (96.8 %). Strain EPL6T was able to grow in a temperature range of 15–37 °C, pH 6–9 and in the presence of up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl and tested positive for catalase and oxidase reactions. The major respiratory quinone was Q8. The genomic DNA had a G+C content of 69.4±0.9 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, and the major fatty acid methyl esters comprised C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). Comparison of the genome sequence of strain EPL6T and of its closest neighbours, Melaminivora alkalimesophila CY1T and Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601T, yielded values of ANI ≤84.1 % and of AAI ≤80.3 %. Therefore, the genetic, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics support the classification of this organism into a new taxon. Considering the genetic divergence of strain EPL6T from the type strains of the closest species, which belong to distinct genera, we propose a new genus within the family Comamonadaceae , named Oryzisolibacter propanilivorax gen. nov., sp. nov., represented by the isolate EPL6T as the type strain of the species (=LMG 28427T=CECT 8927T).
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Ramlibacter rhizophilus sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of national flower Mugunghwa from South Korea
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, long rods or coccoid without flagellum strain, designated THG-YS3.2.7T, was isolated from therhizosphere soil of a Mugunghwa flower collected from Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C (optimum 28–37 °C), at pH 6–8 (optimum 7) and at 0–5 % NaCl (optimum 1 %). The predominant ubiquinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major cellular fatty acids were C10 : 0, C10 : 0 3OH, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 : 0, C18 : 3 ω6c (6,9,12), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC). The DNA G+C content of strain THG-YS3.2.7T was 69.4 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-YS3.2.7T were identified as Ramlibacter henchirensis DSM 14656T (97.92 %), Ramlibacter tataouinensis DSM 14655T (97.90 %), Ramlibacter solisilvae KACC 17567T (97.04 %). DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THG-YS3.2.7T and R. henchirensis DSM 14656T, R. tataouinensis DSM 14655T, R. solisilvae KACC 17567T were 32.5±1.5, 43.1±1.1, 42.8±1.1 %, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-YS3.2.7T represent a novel species of the genus Ramlibacter , for which the name Ramlibacter rhizophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-YS3.2.7T (=KCTC 52083T=CCTCC AB 2015357T).
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Agarilytica rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, aerobic, agarolytic bacterium, designated 017T, was isolated from Gracilaria blodgettii collected at the coast of Lingshui county, Hainan province, China. Optimal growth occurred at 28–33 °C (range 15–40 °C), with 3 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2–4 %) and at pH 8.0 (range pH 6.5–8.5). Cells of strain 017T were motile and formed yellow colonies on marine agar 2216. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 017T shared the highest similarity with Teredinibacter turnerae T7902T (94.4 %). The predominant polar lipids of the novel isolate consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and some other unknown lipids. Major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), and the sole respiratory lipoquinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain 017T was 40.2 mol%. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characterization indicated that strain 017T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Cellvibrionaceae , order Cellvibrionales , for which the name Agarilytica rhodophyticola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Agarilytica rhodophyticola is 017T (=KCTC 42584T=MCCC 1H00123T).
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Pontibacterium granulatum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated A-1T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Taean coast in South Korea. Cells were motile rods with a single flagellum showing oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities and contained poly-β-hydroxyalkanoic acid granules. Growth of strain A-1T was observed at 20–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 1.0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 %). Strain A-1T contained C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain A-1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The isoprenoid quinones detected were ubiquinone-7 and ubiquinone-8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain A-1T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage from other genera within the family Oceanospirillaceae . Strain A-1T shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other taxa (≤94.9 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that strain A-1T represents a novel genus and species of the family Oceanospirillaceae , for which the name Pontibacterium granulatum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A-1T (=KACC 18119T=JCM 30136T).
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Endozoicomonas acroporae sp. nov., isolated from Acropora coral
More LessStrain Acr-14T, isolated from Acropora coral, was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain Acr-14T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, rod-shaped and formed creamy white colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 7 and in the presence of 2 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Acr-14T belonged to the genus Endozoicomonas and was most closely related to Endozoicomonas atrinae WP70T with sequence similarity of 96.7 %. Strain Acr-14T contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-9. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Acr-14T was 49.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrated that strain Acr-14T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Endozoicomonas , for which the name Endozoicomonas acroporae sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is Acr-14T (=BCRC 80922T=LMG 29482T=KCTC 42901T).
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Altererythrobacter deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium (THG-S3T), was isolated from desert soil. Growth occurred at 15–35 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 5–10 (optimum 7) and at 0–4 % NaCl (optimum 1 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-S3T were identified as Altererythrobacter rigui KCTC 42620T (99.0 %), Altererythrobacter dongtanensis KCTC 22672T (97.1 %), Altererythrobacter xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207166T (96.9 %), Altererythrobacter troitsensis KCTC 12303T (96.9 %). Levels of relatedness among strain THG-S3T and other Altererythrobacter species were lower than 96.0 %. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain THG-S3T and A. rigui KCTC 42620T, A. dongtanensis KCTC 22672T, A. xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207166T and A. troitsensis KCTC 12303T were 59.7 % (42.8 %, reciprocal analysis), 45.1 % (36.3 %), 34.7 % (25.1 %) and 15.1 % (12.3 %), respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-S3T was 69 mol%. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified lipids The quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω6c, C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain THG-S3T represents a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter , for which the name Altererythrobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-S3T (=KACC 19190T=CGMCC 1.15959T).
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Limibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodobacteraceae
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, cream-pigmented, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1123T, was isolated from mud from reclaimed land. The strain’s taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1123T grew optimally at 37 °C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CAU 1123T formed a monophyletic lineage within the family Rhodobacteraceae with 93.8 % or lower sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Rubrimonas , Oceanicella , Pleomorphobacterium , Rhodovulum and Albimonas. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 71.1 mol%. Based on the data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies, it is proposed that strain CAU 1123T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name Limibaculumhalophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is CAU 1123T (=KCTC 52187T, =NBRC 112522T).
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Agaribacterium haliotis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from abalone faeces
More LessA marine bacterium, named strain feces2T, was isolated from the excreted faeces of an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and had a polar flagellum. It formed a white, small and crater-like colony on an agar plate, and had the capability of degrading agar. Activity of oxidase was positive and that of catalase was negative. Strain feces2T grew at 16 to 40 °C with an optimum of 28–30 °C. The nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain feces2T had the greatest sequence similarity of 92.9 % with Marinibactrumhalimedae Q-192T, followed by of 92.8 % with Teredinibacterturnerae T7902T. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain feces2T belonged to the family Cellvibrionaceae , representing an independent clade with an uncultured bacterium clone NEP3-15 (98 % sequence similarity of 16S rRNA gene) derived from the phycosphere of Enteromorphaprolifera. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The predominant fatty acids consisted of summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c). The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino phospholipid and four unknown lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 50.5 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterizations, strain feces2T represented a novel species and a novel genus in the family Cellvibrionaceae of the order Cellvibrionales within the Gammaproteobacteria , for which the name Agaribacteriumhaliotis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being feces2T (=MCCC 1A11450T=KCTC 52708T).
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Transfer of 13 species of the genus Burkholderia to the genus Caballeronia and reclassification of Burkholderia jirisanensis as Paraburkholderia jirisanensis comb. nov.
More LessA recent study of a group of Burkholderia glathei -like bacteria resulted in the description of 13 novel species of the genus Burkholderia . However, our analysis of phylogenetic positions of these species and their molecular signatures (conserved protein sequence indels) showed that they belong to the genus Caballeronia , and we propose to transfer them to this genus. The reclassified species names are proposed as Caballeronia arationis comb. nov., Caballeronia arvi comb. nov., Caballeronia calidae comb. nov., Caballeronia catudaia comb. nov., Caballeronia concitans comb. nov., Caballeronia fortuita comb. nov., Caballeronia glebae comb. nov., Caballeronia hypogeia comb. nov., Caballeronia pedi comb. nov., Caballeronia peredens comb. nov., Caballeronia ptereochthonis comb. nov., Caballeronia temeraria comb. nov. and Caballeronia turbans comb. nov. It is also proposed to reclassify Burkholderia jirisanensis as Paraburkholderia jirisanensis comb. nov. Based on the results of the polyphasic study, B. jirisanensis had been described as a member of the A-group of the genus Burkholderia and the most closely related to Burkholderia rhizosphaerae , Burkholderia humisilvae and Burkholderia solisilvae currently classified as belonging to the genus Paraburkholderia .
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Parasphingopyxis algicola sp. nov., isolated from a marine red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis and emended description of the genus Parasphingopyxis Uchida et al. 2012
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain ATAX6-5T, was isolated from a marine red alga, Asparagopsistaxiformis, in South Korea. Cells were non-motile rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. Growth of strain ATAX6-5T was observed at 5–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Ubiquinone-10 was detected as the sole isoprenoid quinone and C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω6c were identified as the major cellular fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid and four unknown glycolipids were detected as polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ATAX6-5T formed a tight phylogenic lineage with Parasphingopyxis lamellibrachiae JAMH 0132T with a 100 % bootstrap value. Strain ATAX6-5T was most closely related to P. lamellibrachiae JAMH 0132T with a 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain ATAX6-5T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Parasphingopyxis , for which the name Parasphingopyxis algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ATAX6-5T (=KACC 18993T=JCM 31719T). An emended description of the genus Parasphingopyxis is also proposed.
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Catenovulum sediminis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and agar-hydrolysing bacterium, designated D2T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China (37° 31′ 59″ N 122° 03′ 47″ E). The cells were motile by a lateral flagellum. Growth was observed at 10–42 °C, at pH 6.0–9.0 and with 0.5–8 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain D2T belonged to the genus Catenovulum , appearing closely related to Catenovulum agarivorans YM01T (96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Catenovulum maritimum Q1T (93.9 %). The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two phosphoaminolipids, two unknown lipids and three phospholipids. Ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was found to be the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content was 40.4 mol%. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain D2T is presented as a representative of a novel species of the genus Catenovulum , for which the name Catenovulum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D2T (=KCTC 42869T=MCCC 1H00129T). An emended description of the genus Catenovulum is also provided.
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Sphingomonas frigidaeris sp. nov., isolated from an air conditioning system
Yunho Lee and Che Ok JeonA strictly aerobic Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain KER25-10T, was isolated from a laboratory air conditioning system in South Korea. Cells were yellow-pigmented, non-motile rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. The strain grew at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and 10–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.1 mol%. Strain KER25-10T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Only spermidine was detected as the polyamine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain KER25-10T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Sphingomonas of the family Sphingomonadaceae and the strain was most closely related to Sphingomonas kyeonggiense THG-DT81T with a 96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain KER25-10T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas frigidaeris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KER25-10T (=KACC 19285T=JCM 32053T).
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Reclassification of Halothiobacillus hydrothermalis and Halothiobacillus halophilus to Guyparkeria gen. nov. in the Thioalkalibacteraceae fam. nov., with emended descriptions of the genus Halothiobacillus and family Halothiobacillaceae
More LessThe genus Halothiobacillus contains four species of obligate autotrophs with validly published names, of which Halothiobacillus halophilus and Halothiobacillus hydrothermalis are very distant from the type species – on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene, they have 90.7 % and 90.9 % identity to that of the type species, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus . As these values fall below the Yarza cut-off for the rank of genus, and these two species also show no clear affiliation to the closely related genus Thioalkalibacter , a polyphasic study was undertaken to determine if they represent a separate genus. Unlike Halothiobacillus spp. sensu stricto, H. halophilus and H. hydrothermalis are halophilic (rather than halotolerant) and moderately alkaliphilic (rather than neutrophilic) and additionally do not produce tetrathionate as a detectable intermediate of thiosulfate metabolism, indicating some significant metabolic differences. On the basis of these data and of functional gene examination, it is proposed that they be circumscribed as a new genus Guyparkeria gen.nov, for which the type species is Guyparkeria halophila gen. nov., comb. nov. Additionally, Thioalkalibacter and Guyparkeria gen. nov. fall distant from the Halothiobacillaceae so the Thioalkalibacteraceae fam. nov. is proposed, for which Thioalkalibacter is the type genus. Emended descriptions of Halothiobacillus , Halothiobacillus neapolitanus and the Halothiobacillaceae are provided.
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Rhizobium esperanzae sp. nov., a N 2 -fixing root symbiont of Phaseolus vulgaris from Mexican soils
More LessCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume consumed worldwide; its genetic origins lie in the Mesoamerican (main centre) and Andean regions. It is promiscuous in establishing root-nodule symbioses; however, in the centres of origin/domestication, the predominant association is with Rhizobium etli . We have previously identified a new lineage (PEL-3) comprising three strains (CNPSo 661, CNPSo 666 and CNPSo 668T) isolated from root nodules of common bean in Mexico, and that have now been analysed in more detail. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene positioned the three strains in a large clade including R. etli . Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) with four housekeeping genes (recA, glnII, gyrB and rpoA) positioned the three strains in a clade distinct from all other described species, with 100 % bootstrap support, and nucleotide identity (NI) of the four concatenated genes with the closest species R. etli was 95.0 %. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of the whole genome of CNPSo 668T and the closest species, R. etli , was 92.9 %. In the analyses of the symbiotic genes nifH and nodC, the strains comprised a cluster with other rhizobial symbionts of P. vulgaris. Other phenotypic and genotypic traits were determined for the new group and our data support the description of the three CNPSo strains as a novel species, for which the name Rhizobium esperanzae is proposed. The type strain is CNPSo 668T (=UMR 1320T=Z87-8T=LMG 30030 T=U 10001T), isolated from a common-bean nodule in Mexico.
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Hyphococcus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from deep seawater
A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid to rod shaped bacteria with prosthecate and flagellum, designated as HSF6T, was isolated from deep seawater samples collected from the South China Sea at depth of 2.5 km and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Colonies of strain HSF6T were 1–2 mm in diameter, smooth, circular, convex and yellow. Strain HSF6T was found to grow at 15–37 °C (optimum, 25–35 °C), pH 5.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and with 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the predominant respiratory quinone of strains HSF6T were ubiquinone-10, and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipids were monoglycosyldiglyceride (MGDG), sulfo-quinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), three unknown glycolipids (GL1–3) and five unknown lipids (L1–5). The DNA G+C content of strain HSF6T was determined to be 51.0 mol% with HPLC. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities show that strain HSF6T was related most closely to genus Parvularcula with similarity ranging from 91.0 to 91.8 %. The phylogenetic trees, using the 16S rRNA gene sequence, reconstructed with neighbour-joining, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods showed that strain HSF6T constituted a separated branch in the family ‘ Parvularculaceae ’. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain HSF6T is clearly distinct from validly published genera. On the basis of these features, we propose strain HSF6T (=MCCC 1K03223T=KCTC 52486T) represents a novel species of a novel genus with the name Hyphococcus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Alteromonas pelagimontana sp. nov., a marine exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the Southwest Indian Ridge
More LessA novel exopolysaccharide-producing strain, designated as 5.12T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the Southwest Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. It grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 46.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 5.12T is a member of the genus Alteromonas . Strain 5.12T exhibited close 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Alteromonas lipolytica JW12T (96.1 %), Alteromonas hispanica F-32T (95.9 %), Alteromonas confluentis DSSK2-12T (95.9 %), Alteromonas litorea TF-22T (95.6 %) and Alteromonas mediterranea DET (95.5 %). Strain 5.12T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. Owing to significant differences in the 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the novel isolate described here merits classification as a representative of a novel species of the genus Alteromonas , for which the name Alteromonas pelagimontana sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is 5.12T (LMG 29661T= MCC 3250T).
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Roseomonas aerofrigidensis sp. nov., isolated from an air conditioner
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HC1T, was isolated from an air conditioner in South Korea. Cells were orange, non-motile cocci with oxidase- and catalase-positive activities and did not contain bacteriochlorophyll a. Growth of strain HC1T was observed at 10–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 4.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Strain HC1T contained summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and cyclo-C19 : 0ω8c as the major fatty acids and ubiquinone-10 as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown aminolipid were detected as the major polar lipids. The major carotenoid was hydroxyspirilloxanthin. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain HC1T formed a phylogenetic lineage within the genus Roseomonas . Strain HC1T was most closely related to the type strains of Roseomonas oryzae , Roseomonas rubra , Roseomonas aestuarii and Roseomonas rhizosphaerae with 98.1, 97.9, 97.6 and 96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively, but the DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain HC1T and closely related type strains were less than 70 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain HC1T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas , for which the name Roseomonas aerofrigidensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HC1T (=KACC 19097T=JCM 31878T).
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Hydrogenophaga crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from a Pacific oyster
More LessA Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, and aerobic bacterial strain, designated LPB0072T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Autotrophic growth with hydrogen gas was not observed. Cells oxidized thiosulfate to sulfate and reduced nitrate to nitrite. The complete genome sequence of strain LPB0072T (CP017476) is 4.94 Mb in length and contains 4459 protein-coding genes, with a G+C content of 61.3 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LPB0072T belongs to the genus Hydrogenophaga , with greatest sequence similarity to the type strain of Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis (97.5 %). The isoprenoid quinone (Q-8) and the major cellular fatty acids (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω6c) identified were concordant with the chemotaxonomic properties of the genus Hydrogenophaga . The average nucleotide identities with closely related species were below the suggested boundary for species delineation, indicating that the isolate is a novel species. Numerous physiological and biochemical features also distinguished the isolate from other known Hydrogenophaga species. Based on the polyphasic data presented in this study, strain LPB0072T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Hydrogenophaga , and the name Hydrogenophaga crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LPB0072T (=KACC 18705T=JCM 31188T).
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Sphingomonas jeddahensis sp. nov., isolated from Saudi Arabian desert soil
A novel Sphingomonas strain was isolated from a sample of desert soil collected near Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. A polyphasic approach was performed to characterize this strain, initially designated as G39T. Cells of strain G39T are motile, Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain is able to grow aerobically at 20–35 °C, pH 6.5–8 and tolerates up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest relative type strains of G39T are Sphingomonas mucosissima DSM 17494T (98.6 %), S. dokdonensis DSM 21029T (98.4 %) and S. hankookensis DSM 23329T (97.4 %). Furthermore, the average nucleotide identities between the draft genome sequence of strain G39T and the genome sequences of all other available and related Sphingomonas species are significantly below the threshold of 94 %. The G+C content of the draft genome (3.12 Mbp) is 65.84 %. The prevalent (>5 %) cellular fatty acids of G39T were C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c, C14 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0. The only detectable respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the polar lipids profile is composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, as well as unidentified lipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. The results of the conducted polyphasic approach confirmed that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas jeddahensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is G39T (=DSM 103790T=LMG 29955T).
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Sphingomonas antarctica sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic tundra soil
Strain 200T, isolated from a soil sample taken from Antarctic tundra soil around Zhongshan Station, was found to be a Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium. Strain 200T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl on R2A. Its optimum growth temperature was 20 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 200T belonged to the genus Sphingomonas . Strain 200T showed the highest sequence similarities to Sphingomonas kyeonggiense THG-DT81T (95.1 %) and Sphingomonas molluscorum KMM 3882T (95.1 %). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that strain 200T had characteristics typical of members of the genus Sphingomonas . Ubiquinone 10 was the predominant respiratory quinone and sym-homospermidine was the polyamine. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 60.9 mol%. Strain 200T contained C16 : 0 (31.6 %), summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, 22.7 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 11.2 %), C18 : 0 (7.8 %) and C14 : 0 2OH (6.7 %) as the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain 200T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas antarctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 200T (=CCTCC AB 2016064T=KCTC 52488T).
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Sphingomonas carri sp. nov., isolated from a car air-conditioning system
A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated PR0302T, was isolated from a car evaporator core collected in Korea. The cells were strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 15–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Sphingomonas (97.04–91.22 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities) and showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.04 % to Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis THG-DT81T. It contained C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C14 : 0 2-OH as the predominant fatty acids and Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The serine palmitoyl transferase gene (spt) was detected and sphingolipid synthesis was confirmed. The mean DNA G+C content of the strain was 67.8±0.5 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain PR0302T and closely related type strains of Sphingomonas species was less than 30 %. The low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness identified strain PR0302T as a member of a novel species in the genus Sphingomonas . Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PR0302T represents a novel species in the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas carri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PR0302T (=KACC 18487T=NBRC 111532T).
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Massilia glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the Muztagh Glacier
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, bacterial strain, B448-2T, was isolated from an ice core from the Muztagh Glacier, on the Tibetan Plateau. B448-2T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 20 °C in the presence of 0–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that B448-2T was closely related to Massilia eurypsychrophila CGMCC 1.12828T, Rugamonas rubra CCM3730T and Duganella zoogloeoides JCM20729T at levels of 97.8, 97.7 and 97.3 %, respectively. The predominant fatty acids of B448-2T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 66.1 mol%. In DNA–DNA hybridization tests, B448-2T shared 37.6 % DNA–DNA relatedness with Massilia eurypsychrophila CGMCC 1.12828T. On the basis of the results for phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, B448-2T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Massilia , for which the name Massilia glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B448-2T (=JCM 30271T=CGMCC 1.12920T).
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Acinetobacter guangdongensis Feng et al. 2014 is a junior heterotypic synonym of Acinetobacter indicus Malhotra et al. 2012
More LessA draft whole-genome sequence was obtained for Acinetobacter guangdongensis strain KCTC 42012T and compared against those of the type strains of all Acinetobacter species with validly published names. High similarity was found to Acinetobacter indicus CCM 7832T (average nucleotide identity based on blast and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of 96.3 and 70.4 %, respectively). In addition, the metabolic, physiological and chemotaxonomic features of KCTC 42012T were shown to be congruent with those of A. indicus . We conclude that Acinetobacter guangdongensis Feng et al. 2014 is a later heterotypic synonym of Acinetobacter indicus Malhotra et al. 2012.
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Microbulbifer aggregans sp. nov., isolated from estuarine sediment from a mangrove forest
More LessA novel, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, halophilic and non-motile bacterium, designated CCB-MM1T, was isolated from a sample of estuarine sediment collected from Matang Mangrove Forest, Malaysia. The cells possessed a rod–coccus cell cycle in association with growth phase and formed aggregates. Strain CCB-MM1T was both catalase and oxidase positive, and able to degrade starch. Optimum growth occurred at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CCB-MM1T showed 98.12, 97.46 and 97.33 % sequence similarity with Microbulbifer rhizosphaerae Cs16bT, Microbulbifer maritimus TF-17T and Microbulbifer gwangyangensis GY2T respectively. Strain CCB-MM1T and M. rhizosphaerae Cs16bT formed a cluster in the phylogenetic tree. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and iso-C15 : 0, and the total polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoaminolipid, two unidentified lipids, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8 and the genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 58.9 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic data presented here, strain CCB-MM1T represents a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer , for which the name Microbulbifer aggregans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCB-MM1T (=LMG 29920T=JCM 31875T).
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Loktanella acticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated OISW-6T, was isolated from seawater near Oido, a South Korean island, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OISW-6T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain OISW-6T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Loktanella species. Strain OISW-6T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.0–98.9 % to Loktanella maricola , Loktanella tamlensis , Loktanella rosea , Loktanella maritima , Loktanella sediminilitoris and Loktanella litorea , and of 94.0–96.3 % to the type strains of the other Loktanella species. Strain OISW-6T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain OISW-6T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain OISW-6T was 57.3 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of the six phylogenetically closely related Loktanella species were 8–25 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OISW-6T is separated from recognized species of the genus Loktanella . On the basis of the data presented, strain OISW-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella , for which the name Loktanella acticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OISW-6T (=KCTC 52837T=NBRC 112781T).
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Hydrogenophaga soli sp. nov., isolated from rice field soil
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated strain S10T, was isolated from soil collected in a rice field in Goyang, South Korea. Cells of strain S10T were strictly aerobic, motile and rod-shaped. Colonies were round, convex, smooth and white. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and 0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain S10T revealed that the bacterium belongs to the family Comamonadaceae and is related to members of the genus Hydrogenophaga , with Hydrogenophaga caeni EMB71T being its closest relative (97.9 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain S10T was 68.2 mol%. Strain S10T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain S10T with Hydrogenophaga caeni KCTC 12613T, Hydrogenophaga atypica DSM 15342T and Hydrogenophaga defluvii DSM 15341T were 16.1±4.8, 49.0±3.2 and 21.9±8.8 %, respectively. Based on phylogenetic distinctiveness, DNA–DNA hybridization and specific physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain S10T (=KCTC 52520T=JCM 31711T) is classified as a novel species of the genus Hydrogenophaga , for which the name Hydrogenophaga soli sp. nov. is proposed.
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Reclassification of Thiomicrospira hydrogeniphila (Watsuji et al. 2016) to Thiomicrorhabdus hydrogenophila comb. nov., with emended description of Thiomicrorhabdus (Boden et al., 2017)
More LessThe genus Thiomicrorhabdus (Tmr) in the Piskirickettsiaceae in the Thiotrichales of the Gammaproteobacteria contains four species of sulfur-oxidising obligate chemolithoautotroph with validly published names, all previously classified as Thiomicrospira (Tms) species. Here we demonstrate that Thiomicrospira hydrogeniphila , a recently published hydrogen-utilising chemolithoautotroph closely related to Thiomicrorhabdus frisia (type species of Thiomicrorhabdus ) should be classified as a member of the genus Thiomicrorhabdus and not Thiomicrospira , as Thiomicrorhabdus hydrogeniphila comb. nov., on the basis of comparative physiology and morphology as well as 16S rRNA (rrs) gene identity of Tms. hydrogeniphila MAS2T being closer to that of Tmr. frisia JB-A2T (99.1 %) than to Tms. pelophila DSM 1534T (90.5 %) or Hydrogenovibrio marinus MH-110T (94.1 %), and on the basis of the topology of 16S rRNA gene maximum likelihood trees, which clearly place Tms. hydrogeniphila within the genus Thiomicrorhabdus . It was also noted that thiosulfate-grown Thiomicrorhabdus spp. can be distinguished from Thiomicrospira spp. or Hydrogenovibrio spp. on the basis of the 3 dominant fatty acids (C16 : 1, C18 : 1 and C16 : 0), and from other Thiomicrorhabdus spp. on the basis of the fourth dominant fatty acid, which varies between the species of this genus – which could provide a useful diagnostic method. We provide an emended description of Thiomicrorhabdus (Boden R, Scott KM, Williams J, Russel S, Antonen K et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:1140–1151) to take into account the properties of Thiomicrorhabdus hydrogeniphila comb. nov.
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Erythrobacter arachoides sp. nov., isolated from ice core
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designed RC4-10-4T, belonging to the genus Erythrobacter , was isolated from the East Rongbuk Glacier on the Tibetan Plateau. Strain RC4-10-4T grew optimally at pH 7.0, at 25 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and phosphatidylcholine. Carotenoid was detected in the cells. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 66.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RC4-10-4T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the cluster comprising Erythrobacter strains. Similarities between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain RC4-10-4T and the closely related strains Erythrobacter luteus KCTC 42179T, Erythrobacter gangjinensis KCTC 22330T, Erythrobacter odishensis KCTC 23981T and Erythrobacter atlanticuls KCTC 42697T were 98.0, 97.6, 97.5 and 97.2 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization values were 37.6, 15.4, 29.8 and 35.8 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain RC4-10-4T represents a novel species of the genus Erythrobacter , for which the name Erythrobacter arachoides sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RC4-10-4T (=CGMCC 1.15507T=JCM 31277T).
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Dyella agri sp. nov., isolated from reclaimed grassland soil
More LessA novel strain, DKC-1T, was isolated from reclaimed grassland soil and was characterized taxonomically by a polyphasic approach. Strain DKC-1T was a Gram-staining-negative, light-yellow-coloured and rod shaped bacterium, motile with polar flagellum. It was able to grow at 20–37 °C, at pH 4.5–9.0 and with 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DKC-1T formed a clade within the members of the genus Dyella and showed highest sequence similarities to Dyella japonica XD53T (98.36 %), Rhodanobacter aciditrophus sjH1T (97.92 %), Rhodanobacter koreensis THG-DD7T (97.74 %), Dyella kyungheensis THG-B117T (97.65 %) and Rhodanobacter terrae GP18-1T (97.40 %). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. The predominant fatty acids of strain DKC-1T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), iso-C17 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH and iso-C11 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 63.1 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain DKC-1T and its reference strains ( D. japonica XD53T, R. aciditrophus sjH1T, R. koreensis THG-DD7T, D. kyungheensis THG-B117T and R. terrae GP18-1T) was 52.3, 44.7, 38.7, 49.0 and 32.7 %, respectively, which falls below the threshold value of 70 % for the strain to be considered as novel. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain DKC-1T represents a novel species of the genus Dyella , for which the name Dyella agri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DKC-1T (=KEMB 9005-571T=KACC 19176T=JCM 31925T).
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Marivibrio halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium in the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from underground rock salt
More LessGram-negative, spiral or curved rod-shaped cells of a bacterial strain, designated ZC80T, were isolated from a rock salt sample collected at Yunnan salt mine, China. Analysis of the strain's 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a clear affiliation of this novel strain within the family Rhodospirillaceae . Strain ZC80T formed a robust cluster with Pelagibius litoralis CL-UU02T at a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level of 88.1 %. Strain ZC80T shared no more than 91.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of other species in the family Rhodospirillaceae . Strain ZC80T was able to grow in the presence of 2–15 % (w/v) NaCl, and grew at 10–50 °C and pH 6.0–10.0. The major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (41.3 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain ZC80T was 60.8 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain ZC80T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodospirillaceae , for which the name Marivibrio halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Marivibrio halodurans is ZC80T (=CGMCC 1.15697T=NBRC 112461T).
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Elstera cyanobacteriorum sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake
More LessA bacterial strain, TH019T, was isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake, Taihu Lake, China. Cells were observed to be slightly curved rod-shaped and stained Gram-negative. Optimal growth was obtained at pH 7.0 (range, 5.0–9.0) and 28 °C (range, 20-37 °C) in R2A broth. The cells were found to be positive for oxidase and catalase activities, nitrate reduction and denitrification. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were identified as C18 : 1 ω6c/C18 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 1 2OH. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TH019T was phylogenetically related to Elstera litoralis Dia-1T (97.9 % similarity). The genomic G+C content of strain TH019T was 62.4 mol% based on total genome calculations. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values for complete genomes were 78.8 and 19.8 %, respectively, between strain TH019T and Elstera litoralis Dia-1T. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, and genome analysis suggested that strain TH019T represented a novel species within the genus Elstera , for which the name Elstera cyanobacteriorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TH019T (=CGMCC 1.15802T=LMG 29721T).
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On names of genera of prokaryotes that are later homonyms of generic names with standing in the zoological or the botanical nomenclature. Proposal of Neomegalonema gen. nov. and Neomegalonema perideroedes comb. nov. as replacements for the prokaryotic generic name Meganema and the species name Meganema perideroedes
More LessI here present a survey of generic names with standing in the prokaryotic nomenclature that have homonyms with standing under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and/or the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. I especially discuss such names added after Principle 2 of the Bacteriological Code/Prokaryotic Code was changed in 1999 to make the prokaryote nomenclature not independent of botanical and zoological nomenclature. Cases include the genera Micromonas , Quadrococcus, Yania , Sinococcus, and Meganema . The generic name Meganema was not previously recognized as a homonym of two genera with standing in the zoological nomenclature. Therefore, I here propose renaming Meganema and Meganema perideroedes as Neomegalonema gen. nov. and Neomegalonema perideroedes comb. nov., respectively.
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- Eukaryotic Micro-organisms
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Spathaspora boniae sp. nov., a D-xylose-fermenting species in the Candida albicans/Lodderomyces clade
Two yeast isolates producing asci-containing elongate ascospores with curved ends typical of the genus Spathaspora were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in an Atlantic rainforest ecosystem in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 domain sequences demonstrated that the strains represent a new species and placed it next to Candida blackwellae, in a clade that also contains Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Other sequences of the ribosomal gene cluster supported same placementin the same clade, and a phylogenomic analysis placed this new species in an early emerging position relative to the larger C. albicans/Lodderomyces clade. One interpretation is that the genus Spathaspora is, in fact, paraphyletic. In conformity with this view, we propose the novel species Spathaspora boniae sp. nov. to accommodate the isolates. The type strain of Spathaspora boniae sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y306T (=CBS 13262T). The MycoBank number is MB 821297. A detailed analysis of xylose metabolism was conducted for the new species.
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Prototheca blaschkeae subsp. brasiliensis subsp. nov., isolated from cow milk
A strain of an achlorophyllic alga, named PR24T, was isolated from cow milk samples from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on 18S rDNA, 28S rRNA, D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA and SSU rRNA gene sequence similarities, this strain was found to be a member of the genus Prototheca and closely related to Prototheca blaschkeae SAG2064T. However, the novel strain could easily be distinguished from recognized Prototheca species by internal transcribed spacer, species-specific PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism-PCR analysis and phenotypic characteristics. The inability to grow in Sabouraud broth at pH 4.0 and the different cellular fatty acid composition clearly distinguished PR24T from the reference strain of P. blaschkeae. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicates that strain PR24T represents a subspecies of P. blaschkeae, for which the name Prototheca blaschkeae subsp. brasiliensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The respective type strain is PR24T (=DSM 103592T=IHEM 26958T).
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Three novel species of d-xylose-assimilating yeasts, Barnettozyma xylosiphila sp. nov., Barnettozyma xylosica sp. nov. and Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus f.a., sp. nov.
More LessThis study describes three novel xylose-assimilating yeasts, which were isolated from decayed wood collected from Bung Hatta Botanical Garden in West Sumatra and Cibodas Botanic Garden in West Java, or from litter from Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden in Bali, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU), the small ribosomal subunit (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor-1α (EF-1α), and the three strains were found to represent three novel species belonging to genera Barnettozyma or Wickerhamomyces. The morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics indicated that the strains were distinct from other closely related species. Strains 13Y206T and 14Y196T belonging to the Barnettozyma clade are described as the type strains of Barnettozyma xylosiphila sp. nov. (type strain 13Y206T=NBRC 110202T=InaCC Y726T; MycoBank MB808598) and Barnettozyma xylosica sp. nov. (type strain 14Y196T=NBRC 111558T=InaCC Y1030T; MycoBank MB819485). Strain 14Y125T belonging to the Wickerhamomyces clade is described as the type strain of Wickerhamomyces xylosivorus f.a., sp. nov. (type strain 14Y125T=NBRC 111553T=InaCC Y1026T; MycoBank MB819484).
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Meyerozyma amylolytica sp. nov. from temperate deciduous trees and the transfer of five Candida species to the genus Meyerozyma
More LessIn the course of two independent studies three yeasts have been isolated from temperate deciduous trees in Hungary and Germany. Analyses of nucleotide sequences of D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene (LSU) suggested that these strains belong to the Meyerozyma clade in Debaryomycetaceae (Saccharomycetales). The phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated alignment of the ITS region and LSU gene sequences confirmed the placement of the three strains in the Meyerozyma clade close to Candida elateridarum. If mixed in proper combinations, the strains formed one to two hat shaped ascospores in deliquescent asci. In addition to the ascospore formation, the three studied strains differed from Candida elateridarum and other members of the Meyerozyma clade in terms of ribosomal gene sequence and some physiological properties. To accommodate the above-noted strains, we describe the new species as Meyerozyma amylolytica sp. nov. (holotype: DSM 27310T; ex-type cultures: NCAIM Y.02140T=MUCL 56454T, allotype: NCAIM Y.01955A; ex-allotype culture: DSM 27468), MB 821663. Additionally, we propose the transfer of five non-ascosporic members of the Meyerozyma clade to the genus Meyerozyma as the following new taxonomic combinations Meyerozyma athensensis f.a., comb. nov. (MB 821664), Meyerozyma carpophila f.a., comb. nov. (MB 821665), Meyerozyma elateridarum f.a., comb. nov. (MB 821666), Meyerozyma neustonensis f.a., comb. nov. (MB 821667), and Meyerozyma smithsonii f.a., comb. nov. (MB 821668).
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- ICSP Matters
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Correction of the name Amycolatopsis albidoflavus to Amycolatopsis albidiflava corrig. Request for an Opinion
More LessThe name Amycolatopsis albidoflavus Lee and Hah 2001 is malformed because the genus name Amycolatopsis has the feminine gender. It is here proposed to correct the name to Amycolatopsis albidiflava corrig.
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- Errata
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Erratum: Proposal for the reclassification of obligately purine-fermenting bacteria Clostridium acidurici (Barker 1938) and Clostridium purinilyticum (Dürre et al. 1981) as Gottschalkia acidurici gen. nov. comb. nov. and Gottschalkia purinilytica comb. nov. and of Eubacterium angustum (Beuscher and Andreesen 1985) as Andreesenia angusta gen. nov. comb. nov. in the family Gottschalkiaceae fam. nov.
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